Countries: Serbia
Variables: ATFPA-PRACTICE-3

"The unequal sharing of responsibilities between women and men and the lack of opportunities to reconcile work and family obligations, []reduces employment opportunities for women" (13). "[A] positive image of women in business and professional life in general [is not promoted]" (13). "[T]he participation of women in decision-making is limited" (15).

Countries: Botswana
Variables: ATFPA-PRACTICE-3

"The participation of women in politics and in general public life is still lagging behind. Botswana has not attained the international target of 50% women in decision making positions. Out of 1,611 of all those individuals who participate in high political posts and other public life, 429 are women compared to 1,182 of their male counterparts representing 26.6% of the involvement of women in political participation and participation in public life. While women continue to be generally underrepresented in institutions of decision making such as Parliament, the Cabinet, Local Authorities, the Public Service and in most national boards, efforts at national level are ongoing to promote participation of women in...more

Countries: Russia
Variables: ATFPA-PRACTICE-3

"[The women’s virtue campaign] was again being stepped up by Chechen authorities aiming to ensure that women wear hijabs in public and adhere to traditional family roles" (104).

Countries: South Korea
Variables: ATFPA-PRACTICE-3

“When Yuna turned up for her first day at work, as a clerk at a major bank, she was not expecting the tasks she would be assigned. First was to make lunch for her team. Later, she was ordered to take the hand towels from the men's toilet home and wash them. These jobs fell to her, she was told, as the newest female member of staff. At first she politely refused. Could the men not take their own towels home to wash, she asked her boss, but he replied incredulously: 'How can you expect men to wash towels?'” (para 1-2). "South Korea may have blossomed into a cultural and...more

Countries: United States
Variables: ATFPA-PRACTICE-3

"Discrimination in the workplace against people who are pregnant is not a new phenomenon. In fact, this has been an ever-present sickness of capitalism and the workplace, systems that were not designed to support pregnancy" (para 7). Traditionally, pregnant women stayed close to home. Current workplace systems are still designed in a way that does not allow pregnant women to contribute to workplace community and by extension workplace decisions (ET - CODER COMMENT).

Countries: China
Variables: ATFPA-PRACTICE-3

" 'The Communist Party aggressively perpetuates traditional gender norms and reduces women to their roles as reproductive tools for the state, dutiful wives, mothers and baby breeders in the home,' Leta Hong Fincher, a Hong Kong-American writer, wrote in the Washington Post. 'The party also is carrying out an unprecedented crackdown on feminist activists because China's all-male rulers seem to think that China's entire security state would collapse were it not for the subjugation of women' " (para 8-9). "All forms of activism are viewed as a form of civil disobedience that the CCP cannot afford to tolerate, meaning that progressive ideas such as gender equality are viewed as potentially...more

Countries: Azerbaijan
Variables: ATFPA-PRACTICE-3

"In 2013, a particular emphasis was put to the involvement of women in public agencies and decision-making processes, including their participation in intergovernmental, governmental and non-governmental sectors. It sought to develop various training programs on women’s leadership and organize events enabled both men and women to combine their family and corporate commitments" (3). "[The Society of Women for Rational Development] implements the Family Academy project since 2017 in collaboration with municipalities while noting the capacities of those institutions in places to increase the activeness and participation of women in the society and ensuring equality of men and women within a family as a support to the State family policies" (34).more

Countries: Nicaragua
Variables: ATFPA-PRACTICE-3

"At the heart of the system of production, consumption and commerce are rural families, in which women participate actively on an equal basis in the various production chains, which in turn contributes to their empowerment and economic independence." (29).

Countries: Montenegro
Variables: ATFPA-PRACTICE-3

"[M]any citizens have a stereotypical view of gender roles, both in private and family life and in the public sphere. More than half of the citizens are of the opinion that as a rule, men are better political leaders, who possess better leadership skills and that they should occupy leading positions in society, while one in two citizens believes that successful business women must inevitably neglect their families" (32). "A research of the Women’s Political Network on Violence against Women in Politics in Montenegro... showed that despite the steps forward, a number of systemic shortcomings remained a challenge to women’s political participation, and that patriarchal attitudes, prejudices and insufficient interest...more

Countries: Bulgaria
Variables: ERBG-PRACTICE-1, ATFPA-PRACTICE-3

“While the law provides women the same legal status and rights as men, women faced some discrimination in economic participation and political empowerment. The law provides for equal opportunities in all spheres of public, economic, and political life; equal access to public resources; equal treatment; exclusion of gender-based discrimination and violence; balanced representation of men and women in all decision-making bodies; and overcoming gender-based stereotypes” (p. 23). “Women faced discrimination in employment, in the workplace, and in access to pension benefits and retirement” (p. 23).

Countries: Afghanistan
Variables: ATFPA-PRACTICE-3

"'They must have someone,' Sadeq Akif Muhajir, a spokesperson for the ministry for the propagation of virtue and prevention of vice told Rukhsana Media recently. '[Women] have brothers or nephews.' (para 21).

Countries: Djibouti
Variables: ATFPA-PRACTICE-3

"In 2002, the Government enacted a law on the family that enhances the protection of women and children. These initiatives have yielded substantial results" (6).

Countries: Armenia
Variables: ATFPA-PRACTICE-3

"Socioeconomic factors, women’s household responsibilities, as well as a lack of opportunities for women to gain leadership skills played a role in limiting women’s political participation, as did their lack of access to the informal, male-dominated communication networks that form the foundation of the country’s politics" (30).

Countries: Qatar
Variables: ATFPA-PRACTICE-3, DMW-PRACTICE-1

"'The government in Qatar don’t want women to know the rules,' she said. 'They want men to have power and control. So if laws are changed, the government don’t inform women and when they introduce restrictions they don’t tell them that clearly, either. These laws exist in a nefarious way and women have to base decisions on an assumption that they must be obedient to men'" (para 8).

Countries: Guatemala
Variables: ERBG-DATA-1, LBHO-PRACTICE-2, LBHO-PRACTICE-3, LBHO-DATA-1, ATFPA-PRACTICE-3

"'Here, there is still the sexist attitude that women are not capable of making decisions, for example,' said Trujillo. 'That is why they earn a quarter less than their male colleagues and why there are just 10 women among the 340 mayors in Guatemala'" (para 11).