Latest items for EWCMS-LAW-1
Jan. 16, 2024, 6:33 p.m.
Countries: Botswana
Variables: EWCMS-LAW-1
“[T]he Botswana Defence Force (BDF) in 2007 started recruiting women in the army as female cadets as an effort to eliminate discrimination and contribute to equal access to employment opportunities” (23-24). "The Botswana Defence Force (BDF) in 2007 started recruiting women in the army as female cadets. A challenge experienced by the BDF in recruiting females during 2012 was the lack of adequate accommodation to house the female Officer Cadet recruits. However, the Government has committed to employing more female cadets following the temporary freezing of their employment on account of lack of accommodation" (30).
Variables: EWCMS-LAW-1
“[T]he Botswana Defence Force (BDF) in 2007 started recruiting women in the army as female cadets as an effort to eliminate discrimination and contribute to equal access to employment opportunities” (23-24). "The Botswana Defence Force (BDF) in 2007 started recruiting women in the army as female cadets. A challenge experienced by the BDF in recruiting females during 2012 was the lack of adequate accommodation to house the female Officer Cadet recruits. However, the Government has committed to employing more female cadets following the temporary freezing of their employment on account of lack of accommodation" (30).
Aug. 8, 2023, 12:20 p.m.
Countries: Senegal
Variables: EWCMS-LAW-1
"The involvement of women in decision-making bodies has resulted in major progress, including, most notably:...Women began to have access to the Senegalese army in 1984, and significant measures have been taken in recent years to incorporate gender mainstreaming in the defence and security forces into training programmes and professional practice policies. In that regard, provisions relating to access to the national army have been amended to open military service to female citizens." (6).
Variables: EWCMS-LAW-1
"The involvement of women in decision-making bodies has resulted in major progress, including, most notably:...Women began to have access to the Senegalese army in 1984, and significant measures have been taken in recent years to incorporate gender mainstreaming in the defence and security forces into training programmes and professional practice policies. In that regard, provisions relating to access to the national army have been amended to open military service to female citizens." (6).
May 2, 2023, 5:58 p.m.
Countries: Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Guatemala, Mexico, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, Trinidad/Tobago, Uruguay
Variables: ATC-DATA-6, EWCMS-PRACTICE-2, EWCMS-LAW-1, EWCMS-LAW-2, EWCMS-LAW-4, EMCMS-LAW-1
Table 7 titled “Policy and Practice,” lists the countries in the survey and information on accommodations made for women in the military. All military positions are open to women in Argentina, Costa Rica, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Guatemala, Mexico, Panama, Peru, Trinidad, and Uruguay. All military positions are not open to women in Brazil, Chile, Colombia, and Paraguay. There are recruitment targets in Argentina for the military and it is unknown whether it is the same for the police. Brazil does not have recruitment targets since there are some caps in the military and local caps in the police. Chile, Colombia, Ecuador, Guatemala, Paraguay, and Peru all have no recruitment target...more
Variables: ATC-DATA-6, EWCMS-PRACTICE-2, EWCMS-LAW-1, EWCMS-LAW-2, EWCMS-LAW-4, EMCMS-LAW-1
Table 7 titled “Policy and Practice,” lists the countries in the survey and information on accommodations made for women in the military. All military positions are open to women in Argentina, Costa Rica, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Guatemala, Mexico, Panama, Peru, Trinidad, and Uruguay. All military positions are not open to women in Brazil, Chile, Colombia, and Paraguay. There are recruitment targets in Argentina for the military and it is unknown whether it is the same for the police. Brazil does not have recruitment targets since there are some caps in the military and local caps in the police. Chile, Colombia, Ecuador, Guatemala, Paraguay, and Peru all have no recruitment target...more
March 3, 2023, 11:59 p.m.
Countries: United States
Variables: EWCMS-LAW-1
"In 2015, the Obama administration dropped policies formerly barring women from serving in combat roles" (Para. 21).
Variables: EWCMS-LAW-1
"In 2015, the Obama administration dropped policies formerly barring women from serving in combat roles" (Para. 21).
March 9, 2022, 8:57 a.m.
Countries: Italy
Variables: EWCMS-LAW-1
"...the status and progress of female military personnel are covered by the same provisions for the male staff: Decree of the Minister of Defense, 4 April 2000 No. 114, lays down, “Regulation on the suitability of military service and list of defects and diseases that cause unfit for military service; Law of 25 January 2006, No. 29 (Community Law 2005), of which Article 26 makes changes to Act No. 380/1999 by stating that the Minister of Defense may provide military personnel limitations to the recruitment of women only in the presence of motivated requirements linked to the functionality of specific roles, bodies, categories, specialties and specializations of each Force if,...more
Variables: EWCMS-LAW-1
"...the status and progress of female military personnel are covered by the same provisions for the male staff: Decree of the Minister of Defense, 4 April 2000 No. 114, lays down, “Regulation on the suitability of military service and list of defects and diseases that cause unfit for military service; Law of 25 January 2006, No. 29 (Community Law 2005), of which Article 26 makes changes to Act No. 380/1999 by stating that the Minister of Defense may provide military personnel limitations to the recruitment of women only in the presence of motivated requirements linked to the functionality of specific roles, bodies, categories, specialties and specializations of each Force if,...more
Feb. 28, 2022, 12:34 a.m.
Countries: Indonesia
Variables: EWCMS-LAW-1
"The Indonesian army has ended its 'two-finger' virginity test for female recruits, after they were branded 'degrading, discriminatory, and traumatic.' Andika Perkasa, the Indonesian army chief of staff, told reporters on Tuesday the controversial practice had ceased." (para 1, 2). "'Previously we looked at the abdomen, genitalia in detail with the examinations of the pelvis, vagina and cervix. Now, we have done away with these examinations, especially with regards to the hymen, whether it has been ruptured and the extent of the rupture,' he said"(para 3). "'The purpose of the examinations now is more focused on ensuring that the recruit will be able to lead a healthy life and will...more
Variables: EWCMS-LAW-1
"The Indonesian army has ended its 'two-finger' virginity test for female recruits, after they were branded 'degrading, discriminatory, and traumatic.' Andika Perkasa, the Indonesian army chief of staff, told reporters on Tuesday the controversial practice had ceased." (para 1, 2). "'Previously we looked at the abdomen, genitalia in detail with the examinations of the pelvis, vagina and cervix. Now, we have done away with these examinations, especially with regards to the hymen, whether it has been ruptured and the extent of the rupture,' he said"(para 3). "'The purpose of the examinations now is more focused on ensuring that the recruit will be able to lead a healthy life and will...more
Feb. 11, 2022, 5 p.m.
Countries: Thailand
Variables: EWCMS-LAW-1
"Ministry of Defense policy limits the percentage of female officers to not more than 25 percent in most units, with specialized hospital or medical, budgetary, and finance units permitted 35 percent. Military academies (except for the nursing academy) refused admission to female students, although a significant number of instructors were women" (33).
Variables: EWCMS-LAW-1
"Ministry of Defense policy limits the percentage of female officers to not more than 25 percent in most units, with specialized hospital or medical, budgetary, and finance units permitted 35 percent. Military academies (except for the nursing academy) refused admission to female students, although a significant number of instructors were women" (33).
Jan. 6, 2022, 12:09 p.m.
Countries: Somalia
Variables: EWCMS-LAW-1
"Women are allowed to serve in the military" (1).
Variables: EWCMS-LAW-1
"Women are allowed to serve in the military" (1).
Jan. 5, 2022, 3:56 p.m.
Countries: Somalia
Variables: EWCMS-LAW-1
"Mothers are not barred from joining the force. However, there's an age limit that can prevent women over 35 to join as non-commissioned police" (1).
Variables: EWCMS-LAW-1
"Mothers are not barred from joining the force. However, there's an age limit that can prevent women over 35 to join as non-commissioned police" (1).
Nov. 30, 2021, 2:33 p.m.
Countries: Israel
Variables: EWCMS-LAW-1
"Despite greater inclusion of women in the IDF in recent years, including in combat roles and senior leadership positions, on April 14, the IDF stopped allowing women to serve in combat positions in the Armored Corps, citing economic and logistical reasons" (36).
Variables: EWCMS-LAW-1
"Despite greater inclusion of women in the IDF in recent years, including in combat roles and senior leadership positions, on April 14, the IDF stopped allowing women to serve in combat positions in the Armored Corps, citing economic and logistical reasons" (36).
Nov. 18, 2021, 10:13 a.m.
Countries: South Korea
Variables: EWCMS-LAW-1
"Even as the country tries to recruit more women amid a shortage of male conscripts" (Para 2).
Variables: EWCMS-LAW-1
"Even as the country tries to recruit more women amid a shortage of male conscripts" (Para 2).
Oct. 4, 2021, 9:10 a.m.
Countries: Brazil
Variables: EWCMS-LAW-1
"In 2018 the Supreme Court ruled that 20 percent of vacancies for the military services must be filled by Afro-Brazilians, either men or women" (24).
Variables: EWCMS-LAW-1
"In 2018 the Supreme Court ruled that 20 percent of vacancies for the military services must be filled by Afro-Brazilians, either men or women" (24).
July 21, 2021, 11:03 p.m.
Countries: Saudi Arabia
Variables: EWCMS-LAW-1
"Women in Saudi Arabia are now able to join the military as Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman continues his efforts to modernise the kingdom. Military roles in the army, air force, navy, missile force and armed medical services will now be open to women. They will be able to join at any rank between soldier and sergeant if they are aged between 21 and 40 and have no criminal convictions. Women must also not marry a non Saudi citizen and have to possess a high school education to be eligible to sign up" (Para 1-4).
Variables: EWCMS-LAW-1
"Women in Saudi Arabia are now able to join the military as Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman continues his efforts to modernise the kingdom. Military roles in the army, air force, navy, missile force and armed medical services will now be open to women. They will be able to join at any rank between soldier and sergeant if they are aged between 21 and 40 and have no criminal convictions. Women must also not marry a non Saudi citizen and have to possess a high school education to be eligible to sign up" (Para 1-4).
July 20, 2021, 11:42 a.m.
Countries: Vietnam
Variables: EWCMS-LAW-1, EWCMS-DATA-1
"There were 20 female Vietnamese service women, accounting for 10% of the army, who participated in 2 contents... at the 2020 army games" (para 1).
Variables: EWCMS-LAW-1, EWCMS-DATA-1
"There were 20 female Vietnamese service women, accounting for 10% of the army, who participated in 2 contents... at the 2020 army games" (para 1).
July 19, 2021, 1:16 p.m.
Countries: Vietnam
Variables: EWCMS-LAW-1
"On July 14, the 3rd Military Region organized the Women's Congress for the term 2021-2026. This is a congress directed by the General Department of Politics to draw on women’s experiences for the benefit of units throughout the army" (para 1). "Women's work and the Women's Movement of the armed forces’ Military Zone 3 are implemented comprehensively and with a focus" (para 2). "Comrade Deputy Director of the General Department of Politics requested: in the coming time, in order for the work of women and the women's movement of the armed forces’ military zone 3 to increasingly spread" (para 4). "[T]he emulation movement [is:] 'Brave Women of the Army -...more
Variables: EWCMS-LAW-1
"On July 14, the 3rd Military Region organized the Women's Congress for the term 2021-2026. This is a congress directed by the General Department of Politics to draw on women’s experiences for the benefit of units throughout the army" (para 1). "Women's work and the Women's Movement of the armed forces’ Military Zone 3 are implemented comprehensively and with a focus" (para 2). "Comrade Deputy Director of the General Department of Politics requested: in the coming time, in order for the work of women and the women's movement of the armed forces’ military zone 3 to increasingly spread" (para 4). "[T]he emulation movement [is:] 'Brave Women of the Army -...more
July 19, 2021, 11:58 a.m.
Countries: Switzerland
Variables: EWCMS-LAW-1
"Women have been permitted to join the Swiss army since 2004, performing exactly the same duties as men but under conditions involving uncomfortable underwear, as well as accommodation deemed unsuitable for women, according to a federal report looking at women in Switzerland's military"(para 14).
Variables: EWCMS-LAW-1
"Women have been permitted to join the Swiss army since 2004, performing exactly the same duties as men but under conditions involving uncomfortable underwear, as well as accommodation deemed unsuitable for women, according to a federal report looking at women in Switzerland's military"(para 14).
June 9, 2021, 8:43 p.m.
Countries: Poland
Variables: EWCMS-LAW-1
"Moreover, women soldiers to be were guaranteed the possibility of continuing their education in case of it being interrupted due to pregnancy, confinement or maternal obligations. The Act of 11 September 2003 on the military service of professional soldiers (Dz. U. of 2010, No 90, item 593, as amended) also introduced legal regulations allowing a woman to return to the military academy after interrupting education due to pregnancy, confinement and maternal duties" (40). "Furthermore, the Act of 11 September 2003 on military service of professional soldiers was amended so as to enable women access to service posts in the professional private corps" (54).
Variables: EWCMS-LAW-1
"Moreover, women soldiers to be were guaranteed the possibility of continuing their education in case of it being interrupted due to pregnancy, confinement or maternal obligations. The Act of 11 September 2003 on the military service of professional soldiers (Dz. U. of 2010, No 90, item 593, as amended) also introduced legal regulations allowing a woman to return to the military academy after interrupting education due to pregnancy, confinement and maternal duties" (40). "Furthermore, the Act of 11 September 2003 on military service of professional soldiers was amended so as to enable women access to service posts in the professional private corps" (54).
April 26, 2021, 11:49 a.m.
Countries: Italy
Variables: EWCMS-LAW-1
"...the status and progress of female military personnel are covered by the same provisions for the male staff: Decree of the Minister of Defense, 4 April 2000 No. 114, lays down, “Regulation on the suitability of military service and list of defects and diseases that cause unfit for military service; Law of 25 January 2006, No. 29 (Community Law 2005), of which Article 26 makes changes to Act No. 380/1999 by stating that the Minister of Defense may provide military personnel limitations to the recruitment of women only in the presence of motivated requirements linked to the functionality of specific roles, bodies, categories, specialties and specializations of each Force if,...more
Variables: EWCMS-LAW-1
"...the status and progress of female military personnel are covered by the same provisions for the male staff: Decree of the Minister of Defense, 4 April 2000 No. 114, lays down, “Regulation on the suitability of military service and list of defects and diseases that cause unfit for military service; Law of 25 January 2006, No. 29 (Community Law 2005), of which Article 26 makes changes to Act No. 380/1999 by stating that the Minister of Defense may provide military personnel limitations to the recruitment of women only in the presence of motivated requirements linked to the functionality of specific roles, bodies, categories, specialties and specializations of each Force if,...more
Feb. 17, 2021, 7:56 p.m.
Countries: Pakistan
Variables: EWCMS-LAW-1
“A study of 74 cases of rape or attempted rape registered at the Shadman female police station in Lahore during 1995 and 2008 reveal the ugly consequences of inadequate legal frameworks in Pakistan” (para 9).
Variables: EWCMS-LAW-1
“A study of 74 cases of rape or attempted rape registered at the Shadman female police station in Lahore during 1995 and 2008 reveal the ugly consequences of inadequate legal frameworks in Pakistan” (para 9).
Dec. 31, 2020, 2:14 p.m.
Countries: United Kingdom
Variables: EWCMS-LAW-1
"The year was 1983 and we were the first women to be admitted to Sandhurst, the elite Royal Military Academy where all officers in the British Army receive their initial training" (para 3).
Variables: EWCMS-LAW-1
"The year was 1983 and we were the first women to be admitted to Sandhurst, the elite Royal Military Academy where all officers in the British Army receive their initial training" (para 3).
Dec. 30, 2020, 1:42 p.m.
Countries: Mauritania
Variables: EWCMS-LAW-1
“The website of the Mauritanian National Army states that, pursuant to Article 7 of Act No. 62.132 of 1962, army recruitment conditions are the following: [translation] Any Mauritanian can join the Mauritanian army under articles 13, 14, 15, 17 and 18 of Act No. 61.112 dated 12 June 1961 (the Mauritanian Nationality Code) if they meet the following conditions: Minimum of 16 years old, Not married, Physically fit, Never been sentenced, Obtained consent of parent(s)/guardian(s) or, in their absence, Previously obtained permission from the Ministry of Defence, for youth under 18 years old.”
Variables: EWCMS-LAW-1
“The website of the Mauritanian National Army states that, pursuant to Article 7 of Act No. 62.132 of 1962, army recruitment conditions are the following: [translation] Any Mauritanian can join the Mauritanian army under articles 13, 14, 15, 17 and 18 of Act No. 61.112 dated 12 June 1961 (the Mauritanian Nationality Code) if they meet the following conditions: Minimum of 16 years old, Not married, Physically fit, Never been sentenced, Obtained consent of parent(s)/guardian(s) or, in their absence, Previously obtained permission from the Ministry of Defence, for youth under 18 years old.”
Dec. 30, 2020, 1:39 p.m.
Countries: Malta
Variables: EWCMS-LAW-1
According to the Armed Forces of Malta website, both men and women are eligible to become soldiers.
Variables: EWCMS-LAW-1
According to the Armed Forces of Malta website, both men and women are eligible to become soldiers.
Dec. 30, 2020, 1:37 p.m.
Countries: Uzbekistan
Variables: EWCMS-LAW-1
“Women also serve in the [Uzbekistani] military. Although they are not drafted, they may sign up as professional (contract) troops in non-combat units.”
Variables: EWCMS-LAW-1
“Women also serve in the [Uzbekistani] military. Although they are not drafted, they may sign up as professional (contract) troops in non-combat units.”
Dec. 30, 2020, 1:34 p.m.
Countries: Trinidad/Tobago
Variables: EWCMS-LAW-1
“The Trinidad and Tobago Defence Force (TTDF) integrated women into its ranks for the first time on July 1, 1980.”
Variables: EWCMS-LAW-1
“The Trinidad and Tobago Defence Force (TTDF) integrated women into its ranks for the first time on July 1, 1980.”
Dec. 30, 2020, 1:30 p.m.
Countries: Togo
Variables: EWCMS-LAW-1
“Togolese parliament has passed a law that would allow women to join the military service.”
Variables: EWCMS-LAW-1
“Togolese parliament has passed a law that would allow women to join the military service.”
Dec. 30, 2020, 1:28 p.m.
Countries: Swaziland
Variables: EWCMS-LAW-1
According to the CIA World Factbook, both men and women can serve in the Umbutfo Eswatini Defense Force voluntarily from age 18 to 30.
Variables: EWCMS-LAW-1
According to the CIA World Factbook, both men and women can serve in the Umbutfo Eswatini Defense Force voluntarily from age 18 to 30.
Dec. 30, 2020, 1:26 p.m.
Countries: Suriname
Variables: EWCMS-LAW-1
“"Women in Suriname's military are restricted from holding any job where certain strength is needed, such as infantry, maintenance, heavy equipment operators and truck drivers," said 1st Lt. Gwendoline Babel, human resource officer for Suriname's deputy director. "Women are also not deployed."”
Variables: EWCMS-LAW-1
“"Women in Suriname's military are restricted from holding any job where certain strength is needed, such as infantry, maintenance, heavy equipment operators and truck drivers," said 1st Lt. Gwendoline Babel, human resource officer for Suriname's deputy director. "Women are also not deployed."”
Dec. 30, 2020, 1:20 p.m.
Countries: Slovakia
Variables: EWCMS-LAW-1
“Recruitment centres started their activities in 2003. Women were joining the [Slovakian] Armed Forces in 4 terms (January, April, July, October) when they started nine months of basic military service with one-month initial training. They were appointed to professional positions after 3 or 9 months of service. It was first time when women started professional soldiers career in Private and Private First Class ranks.”
Variables: EWCMS-LAW-1
“Recruitment centres started their activities in 2003. Women were joining the [Slovakian] Armed Forces in 4 terms (January, April, July, October) when they started nine months of basic military service with one-month initial training. They were appointed to professional positions after 3 or 9 months of service. It was first time when women started professional soldiers career in Private and Private First Class ranks.”
Dec. 30, 2020, 1:07 p.m.
Countries: Papua New Guinea
Variables: EWCMS-LAW-1
“Currently there are no females in the combat units [in Papua New Guinea.]”
Variables: EWCMS-LAW-1
“Currently there are no females in the combat units [in Papua New Guinea.]”
Dec. 30, 2020, 1:04 p.m.
Countries: Nigeria
Variables: EWCMS-LAW-1
“In a major policy reversal, the Nigerian military is set to end the admission of female cadets into the combatant course of the Nigerian Defence Academy.”
Variables: EWCMS-LAW-1
“In a major policy reversal, the Nigerian military is set to end the admission of female cadets into the combatant course of the Nigerian Defence Academy.”