Latest items for GEW-LAW-1
Feb. 10, 2026, 8:45 a.m.
Countries: Argentina
Variables: GEW-LAW-1
"Participant: Argentina, Signature: 8 Jan 1999, Approval(AA), Acceptance(A), Accession(a), Succession(d), Ratification: 8 Feb 2001" (2). Argentina remains a signatory to the Rome Statute, which acts as the primary piece of international law criminalizing the use of rape and trafficking as weapons of war. While Argentina does not have a specific ban on the use of rape/trafficking in their military criminal code, military members are held criminally responsible both under Argentinian domestic criminal code and the Rome Statute (NAC - CODER COMMENT).
Variables: GEW-LAW-1
"Participant: Argentina, Signature: 8 Jan 1999, Approval(AA), Acceptance(A), Accession(a), Succession(d), Ratification: 8 Feb 2001" (2). Argentina remains a signatory to the Rome Statute, which acts as the primary piece of international law criminalizing the use of rape and trafficking as weapons of war. While Argentina does not have a specific ban on the use of rape/trafficking in their military criminal code, military members are held criminally responsible both under Argentinian domestic criminal code and the Rome Statute (NAC - CODER COMMENT).
Feb. 10, 2026, 8:40 a.m.
Countries: Angola
Variables: GEW-LAW-1
While Angola's domestic criminal code has statutes criminalizing rape and trafficking, there are no legally defined bans specifically on the use of rape and trafficking as weapons of war (those actions would fall under the broader rape/trafficking criminal statutes). Angola is a signatory to the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court, which is the primary piece of international law criminalizing wartime rape/trafficking. However, Angola has not yet ratified the Statute, which means that Angola has indicated their agreement with the Statute has not yet entered into a binding agreement. (NAC - CODER COMMENT).
Variables: GEW-LAW-1
While Angola's domestic criminal code has statutes criminalizing rape and trafficking, there are no legally defined bans specifically on the use of rape and trafficking as weapons of war (those actions would fall under the broader rape/trafficking criminal statutes). Angola is a signatory to the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court, which is the primary piece of international law criminalizing wartime rape/trafficking. However, Angola has not yet ratified the Statute, which means that Angola has indicated their agreement with the Statute has not yet entered into a binding agreement. (NAC - CODER COMMENT).
Feb. 10, 2026, 8:28 a.m.
Countries: Algeria
Variables: GEW-LAW-1
While Algeria's domestic criminal code has statutes criminalizing rape and trafficking, there are no legally defined bans specifically on the use of rape and trafficking as weapons of war (those actions would fall under the broader rape/trafficking criminal statutes). Algeria is a signatory to the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court, which is the primary piece of international law criminalizing wartime rape/trafficking. However, Algeria has not yet ratified the Statute, which means that Algeria has indicated their agreement with the Statute has not yet entered into a binding agreement. (NAC - CODER COMMENT).
Variables: GEW-LAW-1
While Algeria's domestic criminal code has statutes criminalizing rape and trafficking, there are no legally defined bans specifically on the use of rape and trafficking as weapons of war (those actions would fall under the broader rape/trafficking criminal statutes). Algeria is a signatory to the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court, which is the primary piece of international law criminalizing wartime rape/trafficking. However, Algeria has not yet ratified the Statute, which means that Algeria has indicated their agreement with the Statute has not yet entered into a binding agreement. (NAC - CODER COMMENT).
Feb. 10, 2026, 8:16 a.m.
Countries: Albania
Variables: GEW-LAW-1
"Article 8 War crimes 1. The Court shall have jurisdiction in respect of war crimes in particular when committed as part of a plan or policy or as part of a large-scale commission of such crimes. 2. For the purpose of this Statute, “war crimes” means: ... (b) Other serious violations of the laws and customs applicable in international armed conflict, within the established framework of international law, namely, any of the following acts: ... (vii) Unlawful deportation or transfer or unlawful confinement; ... (xxii) Committing rape, sexual slavery, enforced prostitution, forced pregnancy, as defined in article 7, paragraph 2 (f), enforced sterilization, or any other form of sexual violence...more
Variables: GEW-LAW-1
"Article 8 War crimes 1. The Court shall have jurisdiction in respect of war crimes in particular when committed as part of a plan or policy or as part of a large-scale commission of such crimes. 2. For the purpose of this Statute, “war crimes” means: ... (b) Other serious violations of the laws and customs applicable in international armed conflict, within the established framework of international law, namely, any of the following acts: ... (vii) Unlawful deportation or transfer or unlawful confinement; ... (xxii) Committing rape, sexual slavery, enforced prostitution, forced pregnancy, as defined in article 7, paragraph 2 (f), enforced sterilization, or any other form of sexual violence...more
Feb. 10, 2026, 8:10 a.m.
Countries: Albania
Variables: GEW-LAW-1
"Participant: Albania, Signature: 18 Jul 1998, Approval(AA), Acceptance(A), Accession(a), Succession(d), Ratification: 31 Jan 2003" (2). Albania remains a signatory to the Rome Statute, which acts as the primary piece of international law criminalizing the use of rape and trafficking as weapons of war. While Albania does not have a specific ban on the use of rape/trafficking in their military criminal code, military members are held criminally responsible both under Albanian domestic criminal code and the Rome Statute (NAC - CODER COMMENT).
Variables: GEW-LAW-1
"Participant: Albania, Signature: 18 Jul 1998, Approval(AA), Acceptance(A), Accession(a), Succession(d), Ratification: 31 Jan 2003" (2). Albania remains a signatory to the Rome Statute, which acts as the primary piece of international law criminalizing the use of rape and trafficking as weapons of war. While Albania does not have a specific ban on the use of rape/trafficking in their military criminal code, military members are held criminally responsible both under Albanian domestic criminal code and the Rome Statute (NAC - CODER COMMENT).
Jan. 26, 2026, 7:19 p.m.
Countries: Afghanistan
Variables: GEW-LAW-1
"For a second consecutive year, the Taliban did not report whether they viewed any laws enacted under the pre-August 15, 2021 government related to trafficking as remaining in effect, and did not report any laws criminalizing sex trafficking or labor trafficking. According to observers, the Taliban has purported to revoke Afghanistan’s constitution and criminal code, including all laws on the protection of children, and judicial processes are based on interpretations of religious jurisprudence" (2). There are no laws in Afghanistan banning the trafficking of women as a weapon of war. In fact, there are no laws in Afghanistan criminalizing sex/labor trafficking in any circumstance. (NAC - CODER COMMENT)more
Variables: GEW-LAW-1
"For a second consecutive year, the Taliban did not report whether they viewed any laws enacted under the pre-August 15, 2021 government related to trafficking as remaining in effect, and did not report any laws criminalizing sex trafficking or labor trafficking. According to observers, the Taliban has purported to revoke Afghanistan’s constitution and criminal code, including all laws on the protection of children, and judicial processes are based on interpretations of religious jurisprudence" (2). There are no laws in Afghanistan banning the trafficking of women as a weapon of war. In fact, there are no laws in Afghanistan criminalizing sex/labor trafficking in any circumstance. (NAC - CODER COMMENT)more
Jan. 5, 2026, 11:34 a.m.
Countries: Afghanistan
Variables: GEW-LAW-1
"When the Taliban took over Afghanistan in August 2021, they systematically dismantled structures to combat violence against women and girls. These include shelters, legal assistance programs, and specialized prosecution units and courts tasked with enforcing the country’s 2009 Law on Elimination of Violence Against Women. All of that is gone now."
Variables: GEW-LAW-1
"When the Taliban took over Afghanistan in August 2021, they systematically dismantled structures to combat violence against women and girls. These include shelters, legal assistance programs, and specialized prosecution units and courts tasked with enforcing the country’s 2009 Law on Elimination of Violence Against Women. All of that is gone now."
Feb. 11, 2025, 9:54 p.m.
Countries: Iraq
Variables: GEW-LAW-1
"Moreover, the crimes committed against Yezidi women and girls amount to war crimes and possibly crimes against humanity or genocide against the Yezidis. However, Iraq does not criminalize war crimes, crimes against humanity or genocide. ISIS suspects are instead charged with violating provision 4 of the counterterrorism law, primarily for ISIS membership, support, sympathy, or assistance. However, this approach makes it less likely that the process will establish a more comprehensive judicial record of the crimes committed, and gather the evidence of these crimes from witnesses and victims. The overreliance on counterterrorism laws also makes it less likely that the process will prioritize and punish the most serious offenses committed...more
Variables: GEW-LAW-1
"Moreover, the crimes committed against Yezidi women and girls amount to war crimes and possibly crimes against humanity or genocide against the Yezidis. However, Iraq does not criminalize war crimes, crimes against humanity or genocide. ISIS suspects are instead charged with violating provision 4 of the counterterrorism law, primarily for ISIS membership, support, sympathy, or assistance. However, this approach makes it less likely that the process will establish a more comprehensive judicial record of the crimes committed, and gather the evidence of these crimes from witnesses and victims. The overreliance on counterterrorism laws also makes it less likely that the process will prioritize and punish the most serious offenses committed...more
Feb. 3, 2025, 5:15 p.m.
Countries: Nigeria
Variables: GEW-LAW-1
"Forced abortions may amount to war crimes and crimes against humanity, according to four legal experts briefed by Reuters on its findings. Although forced abortions are not specifically criminalised under the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court, the experts said, they could be construed as torture or other inhumane treatment and be prosecuted as such" (Para 47). Forced abortions, resulting from pregnancies caused by Boko Haram's acts of sexual violence, are carried out under Nigerian policies aimed at preventing the birth of perceived future insurgents. (UST - CODERS COMMENT).
Variables: GEW-LAW-1
"Forced abortions may amount to war crimes and crimes against humanity, according to four legal experts briefed by Reuters on its findings. Although forced abortions are not specifically criminalised under the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court, the experts said, they could be construed as torture or other inhumane treatment and be prosecuted as such" (Para 47). Forced abortions, resulting from pregnancies caused by Boko Haram's acts of sexual violence, are carried out under Nigerian policies aimed at preventing the birth of perceived future insurgents. (UST - CODERS COMMENT).
Feb. 3, 2025, 2:10 p.m.
Countries: Nigeria
Variables: GEW-LAW-1
"Forced abortions may amount to war crimes and crimes against humanity, according to four legal experts briefed by Reuters on its findings. Although forced abortions are not specifically criminalised under the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court, the experts said, they could be construed as torture or other inhumane treatment and be prosecuted as such" (Para 47). Forced abortions, resulting from pregnancies caused by Boko Haram's acts of sexual violence, are carried out under Nigerian policies aimed at preventing the birth of perceived future insurgents. (UST - CODERS COMMENT).
Variables: GEW-LAW-1
"Forced abortions may amount to war crimes and crimes against humanity, according to four legal experts briefed by Reuters on its findings. Although forced abortions are not specifically criminalised under the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court, the experts said, they could be construed as torture or other inhumane treatment and be prosecuted as such" (Para 47). Forced abortions, resulting from pregnancies caused by Boko Haram's acts of sexual violence, are carried out under Nigerian policies aimed at preventing the birth of perceived future insurgents. (UST - CODERS COMMENT).
Dec. 13, 2024, 10:45 p.m.
Countries: Ukraine
Variables: GEW-LAW-1
"If passed, the laws will define conflict-related sexual violence as a distinct crime and set up a national registry to record cases" (para 23).
Variables: GEW-LAW-1
"If passed, the laws will define conflict-related sexual violence as a distinct crime and set up a national registry to record cases" (para 23).
Dec. 3, 2024, 4:24 p.m.
Countries: Chad
Variables: GEW-LAW-1
"Houida Ibrahim, the head of Mercy Shadows, an NGO working among the refugees in Chad, said women and girls usually paid the highest price when there were outbreaks of violence. 'Whole communities become more violent [during wars] and little girls are often the first victims,' she said" (8).
Variables: GEW-LAW-1
"Houida Ibrahim, the head of Mercy Shadows, an NGO working among the refugees in Chad, said women and girls usually paid the highest price when there were outbreaks of violence. 'Whole communities become more violent [during wars] and little girls are often the first victims,' she said" (8).
Feb. 5, 2024, 1:29 p.m.
Countries: Central African Rep
Variables: LRW-LAW-1, GEW-LAW-1
"In convicting one perpetrator based on his responsibility for rapes committed by his subordinates, the Court concluded that the rapes in this case constituted crimes against humanity and war crimes. This holding brings vital recognition to the women who suffered these horrendous crimes, some of whom were minors at the time, and to survivors of gender-based violence in the conflict more broadly" (para 3).
Variables: LRW-LAW-1, GEW-LAW-1
"In convicting one perpetrator based on his responsibility for rapes committed by his subordinates, the Court concluded that the rapes in this case constituted crimes against humanity and war crimes. This holding brings vital recognition to the women who suffered these horrendous crimes, some of whom were minors at the time, and to survivors of gender-based violence in the conflict more broadly" (para 3).
Jan. 29, 2024, 5:50 p.m.
Countries: Bosnia-Herzegovina
Variables: GEW-LAW-1
"Amendments to the Criminal Code, define certain forms of sexual violence as a war crime and provide for more stringent sentences for perpetrators of trafficking in persons" (2).
Variables: GEW-LAW-1
"Amendments to the Criminal Code, define certain forms of sexual violence as a war crime and provide for more stringent sentences for perpetrators of trafficking in persons" (2).
Nov. 3, 2023, 5 p.m.
Countries: Haiti
Variables: GEW-LAW-1
"As Haiti’s toxic slate of gangs continue to plunder the crisis-stricken Caribbean nation, kidnapping, displacing and extorting civilians with nothing left to give, they are increasingly weaponizing women’s bodies in their war for control" (para 5). Since this seems like a systemic and long-running issue, Haiti must not have specific laws that prohibit the use of women's bodies as weapons of war (MCP - CODER COMMENT).
Variables: GEW-LAW-1
"As Haiti’s toxic slate of gangs continue to plunder the crisis-stricken Caribbean nation, kidnapping, displacing and extorting civilians with nothing left to give, they are increasingly weaponizing women’s bodies in their war for control" (para 5). Since this seems like a systemic and long-running issue, Haiti must not have specific laws that prohibit the use of women's bodies as weapons of war (MCP - CODER COMMENT).
July 10, 2023, 9:26 p.m.
Countries: Maldives
Variables: GEW-LAW-1
"The Constitution enacted in 2008 grants the right to work, organize trade unions, the right to strike and prohibits forced labour and discrimination. Article 37 (a) of the Constitution provides that everyone has the right to work. Article 25 (a) states that no one shall be held in slavery or servitude, or be required to perform forced labour. Article 31 allows for workers to strike and Article 38 states that all citizens have a right to earn pension." (20).
Variables: GEW-LAW-1
"The Constitution enacted in 2008 grants the right to work, organize trade unions, the right to strike and prohibits forced labour and discrimination. Article 37 (a) of the Constitution provides that everyone has the right to work. Article 25 (a) states that no one shall be held in slavery or servitude, or be required to perform forced labour. Article 31 allows for workers to strike and Article 38 states that all citizens have a right to earn pension." (20).
June 27, 2023, 11:16 p.m.
Countries: Algeria
Variables: TRAFF-LAW-1, GEW-LAW-1
"[T]he punishment for convicted kidnappers includes the death penalty" (30).
Variables: TRAFF-LAW-1, GEW-LAW-1
"[T]he punishment for convicted kidnappers includes the death penalty" (30).
Feb. 24, 2023, 12:54 p.m.
Countries: Nepal
Variables: GEW-LAW-1
"The GoN has been implementing the National Plan of Action on Implementation of the United Nations Security Council Resolutions (UNSCR) 1325 and 1820 (2011/12-2015/16) with the purpose of ensuring the protection of women and girls’ rights and prevention of violation of their rights in pre-conflict, during conflict and post-conflict situations. It aims to strategically end impunity by instituting necessary reforms in the justice delivery and security systems to promptly respond to cases of SGBV. MoPR is implementing the Localization Guidelines, 2012 to effectively operationalize the National Plan of Action on Implementation of UNSCR 1325 and 1820." (20).
Variables: GEW-LAW-1
"The GoN has been implementing the National Plan of Action on Implementation of the United Nations Security Council Resolutions (UNSCR) 1325 and 1820 (2011/12-2015/16) with the purpose of ensuring the protection of women and girls’ rights and prevention of violation of their rights in pre-conflict, during conflict and post-conflict situations. It aims to strategically end impunity by instituting necessary reforms in the justice delivery and security systems to promptly respond to cases of SGBV. MoPR is implementing the Localization Guidelines, 2012 to effectively operationalize the National Plan of Action on Implementation of UNSCR 1325 and 1820." (20).
Jan. 12, 2023, 10:25 p.m.
Countries: Haiti
Variables: LRW-LAW-1, GEW-LAW-1
"Since then, it was only recognised in Haiti as a crime after 2005, and although Moïse was set to adopt a raft of new measures that would have given women more protections – including the legalisation of abortion – no new changes can be adopted until elections." (para 42).
Variables: LRW-LAW-1, GEW-LAW-1
"Since then, it was only recognised in Haiti as a crime after 2005, and although Moïse was set to adopt a raft of new measures that would have given women more protections – including the legalisation of abortion – no new changes can be adopted until elections." (para 42).
Feb. 24, 2022, 10:11 p.m.
Countries: Colombia
Variables: GEW-LAW-1
"Sexual exploitation of children remained a problem. The law prohibits sexual exploitation of a minor or facilitating the sexual exploitation of a minor and stipulates a penalty of 14 to 25 years in prison, with aggravated penalties for perpetrators who are family members of the victim and for cases of sexual tourism, forced marriage, or sexual exploitation by illegal armed groups..." (26).
Variables: GEW-LAW-1
"Sexual exploitation of children remained a problem. The law prohibits sexual exploitation of a minor or facilitating the sexual exploitation of a minor and stipulates a penalty of 14 to 25 years in prison, with aggravated penalties for perpetrators who are family members of the victim and for cases of sexual tourism, forced marriage, or sexual exploitation by illegal armed groups..." (26).
Jan. 6, 2022, 1:51 p.m.
Countries: Somalia
Variables: GEW-LAW-1
"There are laws that prevent the use of rape and kidnapping or trafficking as weapons of war, but this law is given no attention. Most recently, a National Security Agent, Ikran Tahlil, was abducted by the National Intelligence Security Agency (NISA) of Somalia - per CCTV cameras that last sighting of Ikran was inside of a NISA car . After two and half months, NISA, stated that Al Shabab abducted and killed, Ikran. A day later, Al Shabab denied those allegations. Although, Al Shabab targets spy officers and claim responsbilities for those it attacks - it said it had no involvement with Ikran's disappearance" (1).
Variables: GEW-LAW-1
"There are laws that prevent the use of rape and kidnapping or trafficking as weapons of war, but this law is given no attention. Most recently, a National Security Agent, Ikran Tahlil, was abducted by the National Intelligence Security Agency (NISA) of Somalia - per CCTV cameras that last sighting of Ikran was inside of a NISA car . After two and half months, NISA, stated that Al Shabab abducted and killed, Ikran. A day later, Al Shabab denied those allegations. Although, Al Shabab targets spy officers and claim responsbilities for those it attacks - it said it had no involvement with Ikran's disappearance" (1).
Jan. 6, 2022, 1:44 p.m.
Countries: Somalia
Variables: GEW-LAW-1
"There are laws that prevent the use of rape and kidnapping or trafficking as weapons of war, but this law is given no attention. Most recently, a National Security Agent, Ikran Tahlil, was abducted by the National Intelligence Security Agency (NISA) of Somalia - per CCTV cameras that last sighting of Ikran was inside of a NISA car . After two and half months, NISA, stated that Al Shabab abducted and killed, Ikran. A day later, Al Shabab denied those allegations. Although, Al Shabab targets spy officers and claim responsbilities for those it attacks - it said it had no involvement with Ikran's disappearance" (1).
Variables: GEW-LAW-1
"There are laws that prevent the use of rape and kidnapping or trafficking as weapons of war, but this law is given no attention. Most recently, a National Security Agent, Ikran Tahlil, was abducted by the National Intelligence Security Agency (NISA) of Somalia - per CCTV cameras that last sighting of Ikran was inside of a NISA car . After two and half months, NISA, stated that Al Shabab abducted and killed, Ikran. A day later, Al Shabab denied those allegations. Although, Al Shabab targets spy officers and claim responsbilities for those it attacks - it said it had no involvement with Ikran's disappearance" (1).
Feb. 10, 2021, 10:28 p.m.
Countries: South Sudan
Variables: LRW-LAW-1, LRW-LAW-2, GEW-LAW-1
"Government forces, called the Sudan People's Liberation Army (SPLA), have a strict code of conduct prohibiting violence against civilians, and soldiers who rape face the death penalty. In recent years the international community has invested heavily in reforming the SPLA" (para 22).
Variables: LRW-LAW-1, LRW-LAW-2, GEW-LAW-1
"Government forces, called the Sudan People's Liberation Army (SPLA), have a strict code of conduct prohibiting violence against civilians, and soldiers who rape face the death penalty. In recent years the international community has invested heavily in reforming the SPLA" (para 22).
Sept. 13, 2020, 9 p.m.
Countries: Burma/Myanmar
Variables: GEW-LAW-1
"The laws, policies, and practices that underpin the government’s persecution of the Rohingya—and which serve as causal factors for the killings, rapes and gang rapes, torture, and forced displacement by the military and other government authorities—remain in place" (para 5).
Variables: GEW-LAW-1
"The laws, policies, and practices that underpin the government’s persecution of the Rohingya—and which serve as causal factors for the killings, rapes and gang rapes, torture, and forced displacement by the military and other government authorities—remain in place" (para 5).
June 24, 2020, 8:16 p.m.
Countries: Haiti
Variables: GEW-LAW-1
"The UN strongly discourages sexual relationships in section 3.2(d) of the Bulletin . . . Nevertheless, some peacekeepers understand that there is a blanket ban on relationships with local people. Peacekeepers interviewed by an NGO researcher in Haiti said, 'I would not have sex with a woman in Haiti. It is not allowed.'"
Variables: GEW-LAW-1
"The UN strongly discourages sexual relationships in section 3.2(d) of the Bulletin . . . Nevertheless, some peacekeepers understand that there is a blanket ban on relationships with local people. Peacekeepers interviewed by an NGO researcher in Haiti said, 'I would not have sex with a woman in Haiti. It is not allowed.'"
June 7, 2020, 9:12 a.m.
Countries: Estonia
Variables: GEW-LAW-1
"Estonia’s Penal Code provides that rape of a civilian person is a war crime."
Variables: GEW-LAW-1
"Estonia’s Penal Code provides that rape of a civilian person is a war crime."
June 7, 2020, 9:12 a.m.
Countries: Burundi
Variables: GEW-LAW-1
"Burundi’s Draft Law on Genocide, Crimes against Humanity and War Crimes provides that “rape, sexual slavery, forced prostitution, forced pregnancy, forced sterilisation or any other form of sexual violence” constitutes a grave breach of the Geneva Conventions."
Variables: GEW-LAW-1
"Burundi’s Draft Law on Genocide, Crimes against Humanity and War Crimes provides that “rape, sexual slavery, forced prostitution, forced pregnancy, forced sterilisation or any other form of sexual violence” constitutes a grave breach of the Geneva Conventions."
June 7, 2020, 9:12 a.m.
Countries: Armenia
Variables: GEW-LAW-1
"Under Armenia’s Penal Code, the “application of ... humiliating practices” during an armed conflict constitutes a crime against the peace and security of mankind. It is also the case of acts of genocide, including “violently preventing births” within a national, ethnic, racial or religious group."
Variables: GEW-LAW-1
"Under Armenia’s Penal Code, the “application of ... humiliating practices” during an armed conflict constitutes a crime against the peace and security of mankind. It is also the case of acts of genocide, including “violently preventing births” within a national, ethnic, racial or religious group."
June 7, 2020, 9:12 a.m.
Countries: Israel
Variables: GEW-LAW-1
"Israel’s Nazis and Nazi Collaborators (Punishment) Law includes “imposing measures intended to prevent births among Jews” in its definition of genocide."
Variables: GEW-LAW-1
"Israel’s Nazis and Nazi Collaborators (Punishment) Law includes “imposing measures intended to prevent births among Jews” in its definition of genocide."
June 7, 2020, 9:12 a.m.
Countries: Canada
Variables: GEW-LAW-1
"Canada’s Crimes against Humanity and War Crimes Act provides that genocide, crimes against humanity and war crimes defined in Articles 6, 7 and 8(2) of the 1998 ICC Statute are “crimes according to customary international law” and, as such, indictable offences under the Act."
Variables: GEW-LAW-1
"Canada’s Crimes against Humanity and War Crimes Act provides that genocide, crimes against humanity and war crimes defined in Articles 6, 7 and 8(2) of the 1998 ICC Statute are “crimes according to customary international law” and, as such, indictable offences under the Act."