Latest items for GEW-PRACTICE-2
Jan. 29, 2024, 5:50 p.m.
Countries: Bosnia-Herzegovina
Variables: LRW-PRACTICE-1, GEW-PRACTICE-2
"[W]ar crimes, including sexual crimes [are slowly persecuted]" (4).
Variables: LRW-PRACTICE-1, GEW-PRACTICE-2
"[W]ar crimes, including sexual crimes [are slowly persecuted]" (4).
Jan. 16, 2024, 6:33 p.m.
Countries: Botswana
Variables: GEW-PRACTICE-2
"Botswana courts do not accept values of the custom which are inconsistent with the values of or principles of natural justice and are unconscionable either of itself or in its effect. In this regard, customary law must be applied with the set of principles of morality, humanity or natural justice with the object of achieving justice and equality. Where a practice or custom is not ascertainable, the court is enjoined to determine it in accordance with the principles of justice, equity and good conscience" (6). "Women are subjected to customary law and they lack knowledge and information, particularly on marriage laws and this continues to perpetuate discriminatory practices in the...more
Variables: GEW-PRACTICE-2
"Botswana courts do not accept values of the custom which are inconsistent with the values of or principles of natural justice and are unconscionable either of itself or in its effect. In this regard, customary law must be applied with the set of principles of morality, humanity or natural justice with the object of achieving justice and equality. Where a practice or custom is not ascertainable, the court is enjoined to determine it in accordance with the principles of justice, equity and good conscience" (6). "Women are subjected to customary law and they lack knowledge and information, particularly on marriage laws and this continues to perpetuate discriminatory practices in the...more
Oct. 4, 2023, 6:58 a.m.
Countries: Angola
Variables: GEW-PRACTICE-2
"[P]erpetrators of [violence, including gender-based and sexual violence], including members of the State party’s security forces [are not punished. There are no] mechanisms for redress and rehabilitation [of victims]" (15).
Variables: GEW-PRACTICE-2
"[P]erpetrators of [violence, including gender-based and sexual violence], including members of the State party’s security forces [are not punished. There are no] mechanisms for redress and rehabilitation [of victims]" (15).
Sept. 25, 2023, 8:02 a.m.
Countries: Guyana
Variables: GEW-PRACTICE-2
"The law prohibits arbitrary arrest and detention and provides for the right of any person to challenge the lawfulness of his or her arrest or detention in court" (3). Women are not given special treatment in this regard (MV-coder comment).
Variables: GEW-PRACTICE-2
"The law prohibits arbitrary arrest and detention and provides for the right of any person to challenge the lawfulness of his or her arrest or detention in court" (3). Women are not given special treatment in this regard (MV-coder comment).
July 25, 2023, 10:44 a.m.
Countries: Cambodia
Variables: MISA-PRACTICE-2, GEW-PRACTICE-2
"[W]omen who use drugs are protected as victims who require rehabilitation, rather than offenders, and the Ministry of Justice issued a circular in 2014 on alternatives to detention and diversion measures, including judicial supervision, suspended sentences with probation and community work" (14). This circular is not implemented (MV- coder comment).
Variables: MISA-PRACTICE-2, GEW-PRACTICE-2
"[W]omen who use drugs are protected as victims who require rehabilitation, rather than offenders, and the Ministry of Justice issued a circular in 2014 on alternatives to detention and diversion measures, including judicial supervision, suspended sentences with probation and community work" (14). This circular is not implemented (MV- coder comment).
June 27, 2023, 11:16 p.m.
Countries: Algeria
Variables: GEW-PRACTICE-2
"The law prohibits torture and prescribes prison sentences of between 10 and 20 years for government agents found guilty of torture" (3).
Variables: GEW-PRACTICE-2
"The law prohibits torture and prescribes prison sentences of between 10 and 20 years for government agents found guilty of torture" (3).
June 14, 2023, 7:56 p.m.
Countries: Bolivia
Variables: GEW-PRACTICE-2
"In accordance with Act No. 243, new criminal offences were introduced; these included political harassment against women and political violence against women, punishable by prison terms of 2 to 5 years and 3 to 8 years, respectively" (23).
Variables: GEW-PRACTICE-2
"In accordance with Act No. 243, new criminal offences were introduced; these included political harassment against women and political violence against women, punishable by prison terms of 2 to 5 years and 3 to 8 years, respectively" (23).
March 18, 2023, 10:20 p.m.
Countries: Ethiopia
Variables: GEW-PRACTICE-2
"At federal level since 2014/15 up until this report was compiled, 976 cases of crimes against women and children were prosecuted. Of these, 552 were found guilty and 170 were acquitted while the remaining prosecutions are pending" (5).
Variables: GEW-PRACTICE-2
"At federal level since 2014/15 up until this report was compiled, 976 cases of crimes against women and children were prosecuted. Of these, 552 were found guilty and 170 were acquitted while the remaining prosecutions are pending" (5).
Feb. 24, 2023, 12:54 p.m.
Countries: Nepal
Variables: GEW-PRACTICE-2
"The Judgment Execution Directorate established within the Supreme Court (SC) has been monitoring the implementation of court judgments which is instrumental in realizing women’s rights and gender equality in Nepal. The OPMCM has also set up Judgment Execution Coordination Committee to facilitate the implementation of court judgments." (6)(NF - CODER COMMENT - The creation of this unit goes to show that there was a lack of enforcement of laws when it came to gender equality). "The TRC Act regards the crimes of rape and sexual violence committed during the armed conflict as the gross violations of human rights. In the cases of gross violation of human rights, the commissions are...more
Variables: GEW-PRACTICE-2
"The Judgment Execution Directorate established within the Supreme Court (SC) has been monitoring the implementation of court judgments which is instrumental in realizing women’s rights and gender equality in Nepal. The OPMCM has also set up Judgment Execution Coordination Committee to facilitate the implementation of court judgments." (6)(NF - CODER COMMENT - The creation of this unit goes to show that there was a lack of enforcement of laws when it came to gender equality). "The TRC Act regards the crimes of rape and sexual violence committed during the armed conflict as the gross violations of human rights. In the cases of gross violation of human rights, the commissions are...more
Feb. 18, 2023, 10:58 a.m.
Countries: South Korea
Variables: GEW-PRACTICE-2
"The center also stressed that the Air Force should 'stop scrambling to evade responsibility through face-saving explanations but rather thoroughly reflect on what went wrong and when. The beginning of that process would be for those responsible to be investigated sternly so that they can assume responsibility as they deserve.' " (Para.12).
Variables: GEW-PRACTICE-2
"The center also stressed that the Air Force should 'stop scrambling to evade responsibility through face-saving explanations but rather thoroughly reflect on what went wrong and when. The beginning of that process would be for those responsible to be investigated sternly so that they can assume responsibility as they deserve.' " (Para.12).
Feb. 5, 2023, 7:33 p.m.
Countries: Ukraine
Variables: GEW-PRACTICE-2
"After months of bureaucratic and political delays, Ukrainian officials are gathering pace in documenting sexual crimes, which are prevalent and devastating in times of war but often remain hidden under layers of shame, stigma and fear. 'We found all types of cases of war crimes: rape, forced nudity, sexual torture” inflicted on men, women and children, Ms. Sosonska said. A pattern to the crimes is emerging, she added. “Now we see there is a line of war crimes in the Russian Army and among Russian commanders.'"(para 5-6).
Variables: GEW-PRACTICE-2
"After months of bureaucratic and political delays, Ukrainian officials are gathering pace in documenting sexual crimes, which are prevalent and devastating in times of war but often remain hidden under layers of shame, stigma and fear. 'We found all types of cases of war crimes: rape, forced nudity, sexual torture” inflicted on men, women and children, Ms. Sosonska said. A pattern to the crimes is emerging, she added. “Now we see there is a line of war crimes in the Russian Army and among Russian commanders.'"(para 5-6).
Feb. 5, 2023, 7:33 p.m.
Countries: Russia
Variables: GEW-PRACTICE-2
"After months of bureaucratic and political delays, Ukrainian officials are gathering pace in documenting sexual crimes, which are prevalent and devastating in times of war but often remain hidden under layers of shame, stigma and fear. 'We found all types of cases of war crimes: rape, forced nudity, sexual torture” inflicted on men, women and children, Ms. Sosonska said. A pattern to the crimes is emerging, she added. “Now we see there is a line of war crimes in the Russian Army and among Russian commanders.'"(para 5-6).
Variables: GEW-PRACTICE-2
"After months of bureaucratic and political delays, Ukrainian officials are gathering pace in documenting sexual crimes, which are prevalent and devastating in times of war but often remain hidden under layers of shame, stigma and fear. 'We found all types of cases of war crimes: rape, forced nudity, sexual torture” inflicted on men, women and children, Ms. Sosonska said. A pattern to the crimes is emerging, she added. “Now we see there is a line of war crimes in the Russian Army and among Russian commanders.'"(para 5-6).
July 1, 2022, 11:43 a.m.
Countries: East Timor
Variables: GEW-PRACTICE-2
"Since most primary perpetrators remain outside the Timorese jurisdiction, no prosecution of perpetrators of sexual violence occurred during the reporting period. Nonetheless, the Government, in collaboration with civil society, has instead focused on responding to social justice and recognition aspirations of the National Victims Association (NVA)" (18). "Survivors of sexual violence are considered among “the most vulnerable survivors of human rights violations” (Art. 6.a) and need to be considered a priority, consistently with the CAVR recommendations" (18).
Variables: GEW-PRACTICE-2
"Since most primary perpetrators remain outside the Timorese jurisdiction, no prosecution of perpetrators of sexual violence occurred during the reporting period. Nonetheless, the Government, in collaboration with civil society, has instead focused on responding to social justice and recognition aspirations of the National Victims Association (NVA)" (18). "Survivors of sexual violence are considered among “the most vulnerable survivors of human rights violations” (Art. 6.a) and need to be considered a priority, consistently with the CAVR recommendations" (18).
June 29, 2022, 11:33 a.m.
Countries: Indonesia
Variables: GEW-PRACTICE-2
"The Committee, however, notes with concern:... The little effort being made by the State party, including by the Attorney General’s Office, to prosecute and punish those responsible for violations of the human rights of women committed during conflict; (c) The lack of progress in providing women victims of sexual violence with justice, truth, reparation and rehabilitation for such human rights violations" (8). "[T]he Committee recommends that the State party: (a) As a matter of priority, effectively combat impunity by promptly and thoroughly investigating violations of women’s rights perpetrated in conflict areas, in particular sexual and gender-based violence, and by prosecuting and adequately punishing perpetrators, including members of the armed forces"...more
Variables: GEW-PRACTICE-2
"The Committee, however, notes with concern:... The little effort being made by the State party, including by the Attorney General’s Office, to prosecute and punish those responsible for violations of the human rights of women committed during conflict; (c) The lack of progress in providing women victims of sexual violence with justice, truth, reparation and rehabilitation for such human rights violations" (8). "[T]he Committee recommends that the State party: (a) As a matter of priority, effectively combat impunity by promptly and thoroughly investigating violations of women’s rights perpetrated in conflict areas, in particular sexual and gender-based violence, and by prosecuting and adequately punishing perpetrators, including members of the armed forces"...more
Feb. 24, 2022, 10:11 p.m.
Countries: Colombia
Variables: GEW-PRACTICE-2
"The Ministry of Defense continued implementing its protocol for managing cases of sexual violence and harassment involving members of the military. The district secretary of women, in Bogota, and the Ombudsman’s Office offered free legal aid for victims of gender violence and organized courses to teach officials how to treat survivors of gender violence respectfully" (24).
Variables: GEW-PRACTICE-2
"The Ministry of Defense continued implementing its protocol for managing cases of sexual violence and harassment involving members of the military. The district secretary of women, in Bogota, and the Ombudsman’s Office offered free legal aid for victims of gender violence and organized courses to teach officials how to treat survivors of gender violence respectfully" (24).
Jan. 6, 2022, 12:09 p.m.
Countries: Somalia
Variables: GEW-PRACTICE-2
"The law of the nation that is primarily enforced during rape/kidnapping is customary law, and not religious law. Although, the Provisional Constitution states Sharia law should be enforced, customary law over powers Sharia law in most circumstances" (1).
Variables: GEW-PRACTICE-2
"The law of the nation that is primarily enforced during rape/kidnapping is customary law, and not religious law. Although, the Provisional Constitution states Sharia law should be enforced, customary law over powers Sharia law in most circumstances" (1).
Nov. 3, 2021, 9:44 a.m.
Countries: India
Variables: GEW-PRACTICE-2
"One of the recommendations of the Committee was that sexual offences by armed forces and men in uniform in conflict areas should be brought under ordinary criminal law. The Committee observed that rape and other forms of sexual assault were consistently deployed as an expression of power and must not necessarily be seen as crime of passion only" (para 5). This is in reference to the region of Kashmir (CAT - CODER COMMENT). "[T]he government of India rejected the specific recommendation of removing the requirement of sanction for prosecuting armed forces personnel accused of atrocities against women" (para 5). This is in reference to the region of Kashmir (CAT -...more
Variables: GEW-PRACTICE-2
"One of the recommendations of the Committee was that sexual offences by armed forces and men in uniform in conflict areas should be brought under ordinary criminal law. The Committee observed that rape and other forms of sexual assault were consistently deployed as an expression of power and must not necessarily be seen as crime of passion only" (para 5). This is in reference to the region of Kashmir (CAT - CODER COMMENT). "[T]he government of India rejected the specific recommendation of removing the requirement of sanction for prosecuting armed forces personnel accused of atrocities against women" (para 5). This is in reference to the region of Kashmir (CAT -...more
Sept. 14, 2021, 9:15 a.m.
Countries: Ghana
Variables: GEW-PRACTICE-2
"As time went on, the priest claimed the gods had revealed to him that Tachira was responsible for more strange deaths and calamities. By the time she was 31, she was made to answer for her supposed crimes. 'I was summoned to the chief’s palace over these charges,' she says. 'None of my denials would make them change their perception of me. I was eventually obligated to go through rituals meant to test my innocence. In the process, I was stripped naked, shaved, and walked through the market center for three days. Then I was confined. The majority of these rituals were performed at night. I was subjected to beating,...more
Variables: GEW-PRACTICE-2
"As time went on, the priest claimed the gods had revealed to him that Tachira was responsible for more strange deaths and calamities. By the time she was 31, she was made to answer for her supposed crimes. 'I was summoned to the chief’s palace over these charges,' she says. 'None of my denials would make them change their perception of me. I was eventually obligated to go through rituals meant to test my innocence. In the process, I was stripped naked, shaved, and walked through the market center for three days. Then I was confined. The majority of these rituals were performed at night. I was subjected to beating,...more
July 30, 2021, 1:49 p.m.
Countries: Saudi Arabia
Variables: GEW-PRACTICE-2
"At the time of the arrests, the public prosecutor said five men and four women were being held on suspicion of harming Saudi interests and offering support to hostile elements abroad. State-backed media labelled them as traitors and 'agents of embassies', unnerving foreign diplomats in the key US ally. Some of the women appeared in the courtroom together on Wednesday, but their cases appeared to be separate. Relatives were allowed to enter only for certain parts of the session. ALQST, a London-based Saudi rights group, said the women were charged under the kingdom's cybercrime law. The law stipulates prison sentences ranging from one to ten years. The accusations are related...more
Variables: GEW-PRACTICE-2
"At the time of the arrests, the public prosecutor said five men and four women were being held on suspicion of harming Saudi interests and offering support to hostile elements abroad. State-backed media labelled them as traitors and 'agents of embassies', unnerving foreign diplomats in the key US ally. Some of the women appeared in the courtroom together on Wednesday, but their cases appeared to be separate. Relatives were allowed to enter only for certain parts of the session. ALQST, a London-based Saudi rights group, said the women were charged under the kingdom's cybercrime law. The law stipulates prison sentences ranging from one to ten years. The accusations are related...more
July 22, 2021, 4:40 p.m.
Countries: Nigeria
Variables: GEW-PRACTICE-2
"'The International Criminal Court must immediately open a full investigation into the atrocities committed by all sides, and ensure those responsible are held accountable, including for crimes against women and girls'" (Para 6). "Officials from the nearby IDP camp visited and took people’s names, reportedly around two months ago, but no-one had returned since, according to everyone displaced to that location whom Amnesty International interviewed. Many women remain frustrated that no-one from the government or the humanitarian community has spoken with them to understand the targeting of women during attacks, and what support is needed now. Many added they wished the government would acknowledge and apologize for what happened, and...more
Variables: GEW-PRACTICE-2
"'The International Criminal Court must immediately open a full investigation into the atrocities committed by all sides, and ensure those responsible are held accountable, including for crimes against women and girls'" (Para 6). "Officials from the nearby IDP camp visited and took people’s names, reportedly around two months ago, but no-one had returned since, according to everyone displaced to that location whom Amnesty International interviewed. Many women remain frustrated that no-one from the government or the humanitarian community has spoken with them to understand the targeting of women during attacks, and what support is needed now. Many added they wished the government would acknowledge and apologize for what happened, and...more
June 29, 2021, 11:26 a.m.
Countries: D R Congo
Variables: GEW-PRACTICE-2
"On December 13, a provincial military court convicted parliamentarian Frederic Batumike and 10 others associated with Batumike’s RMG to life in prison for murder and crimes against humanity for the rape of 37 girls ranging in age from 18 months to 12 years" (p 40). "The government did not effectively enforce laws prohibiting forced or compulsory labor and took no action against those who used forced labor and abducted civilians for forced labor" (49).
Variables: GEW-PRACTICE-2
"On December 13, a provincial military court convicted parliamentarian Frederic Batumike and 10 others associated with Batumike’s RMG to life in prison for murder and crimes against humanity for the rape of 37 girls ranging in age from 18 months to 12 years" (p 40). "The government did not effectively enforce laws prohibiting forced or compulsory labor and took no action against those who used forced labor and abducted civilians for forced labor" (49).
June 25, 2021, 11:51 a.m.
Countries: Uganda
Variables: GEW-PRACTICE-1, GEW-PRACTICE-2
"On May 15, HRW reported that since 2015 UPDF soldiers (deployed as part of an African Union effort to eliminate the Lord’s Resistance Army, a nonstate armed group) had sexually abused and exploited at least 13 women and girls in the Central African Republic. HRW reported that a UPDF soldier raped a 15-year-old girl in Obo village, while other soldiers offered food and money to girls and women in exchange for sex. According to HRW, in 2016 the UPDF investigated certain rape allegations against its soldiers and 'found no evidence of wrongdoing.' According to HRW, three of the victims said that UPDF soldiers threatened reprisals if they told Ugandan and...more
Variables: GEW-PRACTICE-1, GEW-PRACTICE-2
"On May 15, HRW reported that since 2015 UPDF soldiers (deployed as part of an African Union effort to eliminate the Lord’s Resistance Army, a nonstate armed group) had sexually abused and exploited at least 13 women and girls in the Central African Republic. HRW reported that a UPDF soldier raped a 15-year-old girl in Obo village, while other soldiers offered food and money to girls and women in exchange for sex. According to HRW, in 2016 the UPDF investigated certain rape allegations against its soldiers and 'found no evidence of wrongdoing.' According to HRW, three of the victims said that UPDF soldiers threatened reprisals if they told Ugandan and...more
Sept. 15, 2020, 2:32 p.m.
Countries: Cote D'Ivoire
Variables: GEW-PRACTICE-2
"The Ivorian government stated in February that the amnesty law does not preclude Ivorian judges from investigating the worst crimes committed during the crisis, noting that it does not apply to individuals who are 'members of the military and armed groups'" (para 9).
Variables: GEW-PRACTICE-2
"The Ivorian government stated in February that the amnesty law does not preclude Ivorian judges from investigating the worst crimes committed during the crisis, noting that it does not apply to individuals who are 'members of the military and armed groups'" (para 9).
Sept. 14, 2020, 4:53 p.m.
Countries: Colombia
Variables: LRW-PRACTICE-1, GEW-PRACTICE-1, GEW-PRACTICE-2
"In the southwestern municipality of Tumaco, where sexual violence, including by armed groups, is pervasive, women face an array of obstacles in ensuring protection and accountability" (para 42).
Variables: LRW-PRACTICE-1, GEW-PRACTICE-1, GEW-PRACTICE-2
"In the southwestern municipality of Tumaco, where sexual violence, including by armed groups, is pervasive, women face an array of obstacles in ensuring protection and accountability" (para 42).
Aug. 31, 2020, 6:15 p.m.
Countries: Guatemala
Variables: GEW-PRACTICE-2
"In June, in a case regarding sexual violence against 36 Maya Achí women in the 1980s, a pretrial judge dismissed proceedings against six former paramilitaries and ordered the immediate release of the defendants after she excluded key evidence from the case, including testimonies from victims and witnesses. At time of writing, plaintiffs’ appeals against the decision remained pending, as did the request from the prosecutor to strip the judge of immunity and charge her with malfeasance and denial of justice. The same judge had reached a similar decision in the CREOMPAZ case, involving enforced disappearances and sexual violence at a military base during Guatemala’s internal armed conflict. The judge excluded...more
Variables: GEW-PRACTICE-2
"In June, in a case regarding sexual violence against 36 Maya Achí women in the 1980s, a pretrial judge dismissed proceedings against six former paramilitaries and ordered the immediate release of the defendants after she excluded key evidence from the case, including testimonies from victims and witnesses. At time of writing, plaintiffs’ appeals against the decision remained pending, as did the request from the prosecutor to strip the judge of immunity and charge her with malfeasance and denial of justice. The same judge had reached a similar decision in the CREOMPAZ case, involving enforced disappearances and sexual violence at a military base during Guatemala’s internal armed conflict. The judge excluded...more
Aug. 31, 2020, 6:14 p.m.
Countries: Guatemala
Variables: GEW-PRACTICE-2
"In June, in a case regarding sexual violence against 36 Maya Achí women in the 1980s, a pretrial judge dismissed proceedings against six former paramilitaries and ordered the immediate release of the defendants after she excluded key evidence from the case, including testimonies from victims and witnesses. At time of writing, plaintiffs’ appeals against the decision remained pending, as did the request from the prosecutor to strip the judge of immunity and charge her with malfeasance and denial of justice" (para 8)
Variables: GEW-PRACTICE-2
"In June, in a case regarding sexual violence against 36 Maya Achí women in the 1980s, a pretrial judge dismissed proceedings against six former paramilitaries and ordered the immediate release of the defendants after she excluded key evidence from the case, including testimonies from victims and witnesses. At time of writing, plaintiffs’ appeals against the decision remained pending, as did the request from the prosecutor to strip the judge of immunity and charge her with malfeasance and denial of justice" (para 8)
Aug. 30, 2020, 8:39 p.m.
Countries: Iraq
Variables: GEW-PRACTICE-1, GEW-PRACTICE-2
"Human Rights Watch and other organizations documented a system of organized rape, sexual slavery, and forced marriage by ISIS forces of Yezidi women and girls from 2014 to 2017. However, no ISIS member in Iraq has been prosecuted or convicted for those specific crimes" (para 32).
Variables: GEW-PRACTICE-1, GEW-PRACTICE-2
"Human Rights Watch and other organizations documented a system of organized rape, sexual slavery, and forced marriage by ISIS forces of Yezidi women and girls from 2014 to 2017. However, no ISIS member in Iraq has been prosecuted or convicted for those specific crimes" (para 32).
June 24, 2020, 8:17 p.m.
Countries: Belgium
Variables: GEW-PRACTICE-2
"Belgium has asserted universal jurisdiction for crimes committed in the DRC that did not involved Belgian nationals as either perpetrators or victims."
Variables: GEW-PRACTICE-2
"Belgium has asserted universal jurisdiction for crimes committed in the DRC that did not involved Belgian nationals as either perpetrators or victims."
June 6, 2020, 7:24 p.m.
Countries: Australia
Variables: GEW-PRACTICE-2
“The last time Australian law and justice agencies drew on our own war crimes legislation was for the charging and extradition of 'Captain Dragan' Vasiljkovic. Prosecutors in that case used video footage recorded by a journalist in which the accused boasted of his command of troops that massacred the Croatian and Muslim population of the town of Glina. In 2009, the Australian Supreme Court found that Vasiljkovic had committed torture and rape during the war. Croatian authorities have now sentenced him to 15 years in prison for war crimes.”
Variables: GEW-PRACTICE-2
“The last time Australian law and justice agencies drew on our own war crimes legislation was for the charging and extradition of 'Captain Dragan' Vasiljkovic. Prosecutors in that case used video footage recorded by a journalist in which the accused boasted of his command of troops that massacred the Croatian and Muslim population of the town of Glina. In 2009, the Australian Supreme Court found that Vasiljkovic had committed torture and rape during the war. Croatian authorities have now sentenced him to 15 years in prison for war crimes.”
May 31, 2020, 11:21 a.m.
Countries: Libya
Variables: GEW-PRACTICE-2
"Migrant women and girls [in Libya] are particularly vulnerable to rape and other forms of conflict related sexual violence. Many are exposed to forced prostitution and sexual exploitation in conditions amounting to sexual slavery. Many Nigerian women and girls are particularly vulnerable to trafficking by armed groups and/or multinational criminal networks, reporting that they were detained in “connection houses” in Tripoli and in Sabha and subjected to sexual abuse by uniformed armed men (see S/2018/812 and S/2018/812/Corr.1). Since Libya lacks anti-trafficking legislation or systems to identify and protect survivors, these women and girls fear prosecution and do not report their experiences to Libyan authorities."
Variables: GEW-PRACTICE-2
"Migrant women and girls [in Libya] are particularly vulnerable to rape and other forms of conflict related sexual violence. Many are exposed to forced prostitution and sexual exploitation in conditions amounting to sexual slavery. Many Nigerian women and girls are particularly vulnerable to trafficking by armed groups and/or multinational criminal networks, reporting that they were detained in “connection houses” in Tripoli and in Sabha and subjected to sexual abuse by uniformed armed men (see S/2018/812 and S/2018/812/Corr.1). Since Libya lacks anti-trafficking legislation or systems to identify and protect survivors, these women and girls fear prosecution and do not report their experiences to Libyan authorities."