Latest items for SMPP-DATA-1
Jan. 6, 2022, 12:09 p.m.
Countries: Somalia
Variables: SMPP-DATA-1
"While women are not required to enter seclusion, she will typically try to avoid society and her male siblings for the first few days. Its even a taboo to ask your brother or father to buy you pads" (1).
Variables: SMPP-DATA-1
"While women are not required to enter seclusion, she will typically try to avoid society and her male siblings for the first few days. Its even a taboo to ask your brother or father to buy you pads" (1).
June 25, 2021, 9:03 p.m.
Countries: India
Variables: SMPP-DATA-1
"A Mumbai-based charity, Kherwadi Social Welfare Association, is replacing the mostly-dilapidated huts - known as kurma ghar or gaokor - with modern resting homes that have beds, indoor toilets, running water and solar panels for electricity" (Para 1). "But the exclusion the women of Gond and Madia tribes in Gadchiroli, one of India's poorest and most underdeveloped districts, face is extreme. Their traditional beliefs mean they have to spend five days every month in a hut, located mostly on the outskirts of the village on the edge of the forest. They are not allowed to cook or draw water from the village well and have to depend on food and...more
Variables: SMPP-DATA-1
"A Mumbai-based charity, Kherwadi Social Welfare Association, is replacing the mostly-dilapidated huts - known as kurma ghar or gaokor - with modern resting homes that have beds, indoor toilets, running water and solar panels for electricity" (Para 1). "But the exclusion the women of Gond and Madia tribes in Gadchiroli, one of India's poorest and most underdeveloped districts, face is extreme. Their traditional beliefs mean they have to spend five days every month in a hut, located mostly on the outskirts of the village on the edge of the forest. They are not allowed to cook or draw water from the village well and have to depend on food and...more
Nov. 24, 2020, 3:42 p.m.
Countries: Nepal
Variables: SMPP-DATA-1
“It is easy to be cynical about recent reports of actions taken to end chhaupadi, the traditional practice in parts of western Nepal of segregating menstruating women. Since December, hundreds of the chhau sheds where women live during their periods have been demolished after the Home Ministry ordered district officials to strictly enforce laws that bar the practice. Local officials have warned they will withhold social security payments to anyone found to be involved in the practice of menstrual banishment” (para 1-2). “In one ward in Achham senior citizens’ allowances were reduced as punishment. It was effective because older family members have the strongest ties to beliefs that underlie chhaupadi,...more
Variables: SMPP-DATA-1
“It is easy to be cynical about recent reports of actions taken to end chhaupadi, the traditional practice in parts of western Nepal of segregating menstruating women. Since December, hundreds of the chhau sheds where women live during their periods have been demolished after the Home Ministry ordered district officials to strictly enforce laws that bar the practice. Local officials have warned they will withhold social security payments to anyone found to be involved in the practice of menstrual banishment” (para 1-2). “In one ward in Achham senior citizens’ allowances were reduced as punishment. It was effective because older family members have the strongest ties to beliefs that underlie chhaupadi,...more
Sept. 28, 2020, 6:26 p.m.
Countries: Nepal
Variables: SMPP-DATA-1
"Some of the girls had asked to meet with us after school to talk about their lives; we'd barely finished with introductions when one tearfully told us she'd been banished from her home and made to sleep in a cow shed when she began menstruating" (para 1). "Not all were made to practice the chhaupadi in the strictest form. Some were allowed to stay in their homes but were confined to one room with darkened windows; others were forced to spend their days in nearby forests, permitted to return home only after darkness and required to depart before dawn" (para 2). "Less severe forms of the practice-- those that isolate...more
Variables: SMPP-DATA-1
"Some of the girls had asked to meet with us after school to talk about their lives; we'd barely finished with introductions when one tearfully told us she'd been banished from her home and made to sleep in a cow shed when she began menstruating" (para 1). "Not all were made to practice the chhaupadi in the strictest form. Some were allowed to stay in their homes but were confined to one room with darkened windows; others were forced to spend their days in nearby forests, permitted to return home only after darkness and required to depart before dawn" (para 2). "Less severe forms of the practice-- those that isolate...more
Jan. 31, 2019, 7:34 p.m.
Countries: Nepal
Variables: SMPP-DATA-1
"Many menstruating women are still forced to leave their homes and take shelter in unhygienic or insecure huts or cow sheds until their cycle ends. During their period women are not allowed to enter the temple, use kitchen utensils or wash in communal areas, SBS reported" (para 16-17).
Variables: SMPP-DATA-1
"Many menstruating women are still forced to leave their homes and take shelter in unhygienic or insecure huts or cow sheds until their cycle ends. During their period women are not allowed to enter the temple, use kitchen utensils or wash in communal areas, SBS reported" (para 16-17).
Nov. 16, 2018, 9:46 a.m.
Countries: Burma/Myanmar
Variables: SMPP-DATA-1
"In Karenni State menstruating girls are sent to live in a hut set apart from the village so that she does not pollute the village" (page 7).
Variables: SMPP-DATA-1
"In Karenni State menstruating girls are sent to live in a hut set apart from the village so that she does not pollute the village" (page 7).
Sept. 13, 2018, 8:20 a.m.
Countries: Nepal
Variables: SMPP-DATA-1
"In this corner of Nepal, deep in the Himalayas, women are banished from their homes every month when they get their period. They are considered polluted, even toxic, and an oppressive regime has evolved around this taboo, including the construction of a separate hut for menstruating women to sleep in. Some of the spaces are as tiny as a closet, walls made of mud or rock, basically menstruation foxholes... Each year, at least one woman or girl — often more — dies in these huts, from exposure to the cold, smoke inhalation or attacks by animals" (para. 4 - 5). "In some villages, menstruating women are sent to cow sheds....more
Variables: SMPP-DATA-1
"In this corner of Nepal, deep in the Himalayas, women are banished from their homes every month when they get their period. They are considered polluted, even toxic, and an oppressive regime has evolved around this taboo, including the construction of a separate hut for menstruating women to sleep in. Some of the spaces are as tiny as a closet, walls made of mud or rock, basically menstruation foxholes... Each year, at least one woman or girl — often more — dies in these huts, from exposure to the cold, smoke inhalation or attacks by animals" (para. 4 - 5). "In some villages, menstruating women are sent to cow sheds....more
Sept. 4, 2018, 10:26 a.m.
Countries: Nepal
Variables: SMPP-DATA-1
"The most recent Nepal Multi-Index Survey in 2010 reported that while 19 percent of women between the ages of 15 and 49 nationwide practiced chhaupadi, the problem was particularly acute in the hilly regions in the country’s mid- and far-west, where approximately 50 percent of women followed the practice" (29).
Variables: SMPP-DATA-1
"The most recent Nepal Multi-Index Survey in 2010 reported that while 19 percent of women between the ages of 15 and 49 nationwide practiced chhaupadi, the problem was particularly acute in the hilly regions in the country’s mid- and far-west, where approximately 50 percent of women followed the practice" (29).
Aug. 11, 2017, 10:32 a.m.
Countries: Nepal
Variables: SMPP-DATA-1
"'Today, it was 12 days of my child delivery. I am living in this shed since child delivery. I am here because myself and my baby is not allow to touch by family members at home. I am not living in this cowshed during menstruation and childbirth, but also all women members from my family are living here. My maternal house is in Humla, all women live in cowshed like this. I have already delivered five babies. I stayed a month here in cowshed during all childbirth. Here, the family members served food for only ten days then I am cooking myself'"(para 2). This statement was made by Nandasra Sarki...more
Variables: SMPP-DATA-1
"'Today, it was 12 days of my child delivery. I am living in this shed since child delivery. I am here because myself and my baby is not allow to touch by family members at home. I am not living in this cowshed during menstruation and childbirth, but also all women members from my family are living here. My maternal house is in Humla, all women live in cowshed like this. I have already delivered five babies. I stayed a month here in cowshed during all childbirth. Here, the family members served food for only ten days then I am cooking myself'"(para 2). This statement was made by Nandasra Sarki...more
Feb. 1, 2017, 6:40 p.m.
Countries: India
Variables: SMPP-DATA-1
"She is menstruating, and caste tradition dictates that menstruating women must live in isolation, sleeping alone and taking care not to step into the kitchen, lest they contaminate the food and water" (para 47).
Variables: SMPP-DATA-1
"She is menstruating, and caste tradition dictates that menstruating women must live in isolation, sleeping alone and taking care not to step into the kitchen, lest they contaminate the food and water" (para 47).
Sept. 27, 2016, 4:55 p.m.
Countries: India
Variables: SMPP-DATA-1
“One evening when Baby begins preparing dinner, several of her roommates protest. She is menstruating, and caste tradition dictates that menstruating women must live in isolation, sleeping alone and taking care not to step into the kitchen, lest they contaminate the food and water” (para 47).
Variables: SMPP-DATA-1
“One evening when Baby begins preparing dinner, several of her roommates protest. She is menstruating, and caste tradition dictates that menstruating women must live in isolation, sleeping alone and taking care not to step into the kitchen, lest they contaminate the food and water” (para 47).
Jan. 27, 2016, 9:48 p.m.
Countries: Nepal
Variables: SMPP-DATA-1
"'Because she's menstruating, she should not be entering another person's house. It's disrespectful,' says Cecile Shrestha of Wateraid. The nonprofit is working with girls and women in western Nepal to end a tradition called chaupadi — that's held them back for thousands of years: 'When they are menstruating, no matter what, they stay outside, they eat outside and they sleep outside,' Shrestha says.Outside in sheds. In Kamala's village they consist of a raised platform, with no walls, some have thatched roofs.Kamala tells us she'll sleep in one of those sheds tonight"(para 3-6). "Her shed is shocking. It looks more like a cage — with wooden bars crisscrossed over the top...more
Variables: SMPP-DATA-1
"'Because she's menstruating, she should not be entering another person's house. It's disrespectful,' says Cecile Shrestha of Wateraid. The nonprofit is working with girls and women in western Nepal to end a tradition called chaupadi — that's held them back for thousands of years: 'When they are menstruating, no matter what, they stay outside, they eat outside and they sleep outside,' Shrestha says.Outside in sheds. In Kamala's village they consist of a raised platform, with no walls, some have thatched roofs.Kamala tells us she'll sleep in one of those sheds tonight"(para 3-6). "Her shed is shocking. It looks more like a cage — with wooden bars crisscrossed over the top...more
April 20, 2015, 8:09 p.m.
Countries: Nepal
Variables: SMPP-DATA-1
"For many women in the far western parts of Nepal, Chhaupadi - a woman’s monthly menstrual cycle - is looked upon as a repulsive time that necessitates the expulsion of many women on their periods from their homes by loved ones only to live in cow, bull, or goat sheds during the 4-5 day period" (para 2). "According to a UNICEF report, 95 per cent of girls who were surveyed in Nepal’s far western regions faced some sort of restriction when having their first periods. The report found that 44 per cent of the girls observed were placed under Chhaupadi - this included forbidding them from touching books, boys or...more
Variables: SMPP-DATA-1
"For many women in the far western parts of Nepal, Chhaupadi - a woman’s monthly menstrual cycle - is looked upon as a repulsive time that necessitates the expulsion of many women on their periods from their homes by loved ones only to live in cow, bull, or goat sheds during the 4-5 day period" (para 2). "According to a UNICEF report, 95 per cent of girls who were surveyed in Nepal’s far western regions faced some sort of restriction when having their first periods. The report found that 44 per cent of the girls observed were placed under Chhaupadi - this included forbidding them from touching books, boys or...more
Nov. 23, 2014, 8:54 p.m.
Countries: Nepal
Variables: SMPP-DATA-1
"Traditionally, women are not allowed to touch any food, relatives or animals during their period. In some families, women are locked up in huts to avoid any contact with the outside world because just by looking at people and objects, they could contaminate them" (Para 4). "In the past few years, reports have made into the media about women dying of cold, heat or snakebites. In such cases, Chhaupadi defenders claim the women died because the gods punished them for breaking the rule. The latest example occurred in Accham district when a number of women died of cold in their huts" (Para 5)
Variables: SMPP-DATA-1
"Traditionally, women are not allowed to touch any food, relatives or animals during their period. In some families, women are locked up in huts to avoid any contact with the outside world because just by looking at people and objects, they could contaminate them" (Para 4). "In the past few years, reports have made into the media about women dying of cold, heat or snakebites. In such cases, Chhaupadi defenders claim the women died because the gods punished them for breaking the rule. The latest example occurred in Accham district when a number of women died of cold in their huts" (Para 5)
Oct. 31, 2011, 11:53 a.m.
Countries: Nepal
Variables: SMPP-DATA-1
"Bhusal highlights chaupadi pratha, the practice of isolating women who are menstruating, as an example of this discrimination. At its most extreme, rural women may be forced to sleep in animal sheds during menstruation. She says the 'backward' attitute that menstruating women are somehow 'polluted' persists among people in both urban and rural communities, and regardless of their levels of education" (para 11)
Variables: SMPP-DATA-1
"Bhusal highlights chaupadi pratha, the practice of isolating women who are menstruating, as an example of this discrimination. At its most extreme, rural women may be forced to sleep in animal sheds during menstruation. She says the 'backward' attitute that menstruating women are somehow 'polluted' persists among people in both urban and rural communities, and regardless of their levels of education" (para 11)
June 7, 2011, 1:29 p.m.
Countries: Nepal
Variables: SMPP-DATA-1
“Today the ritual of banishment surrounding chhaupadi still affects girls and women on all levels of Nepali society. This dangerous practice also isolates woman during and after childbirth as they are banished for up to eleven days away from family members, causing critical danger and increasing complications that can, and do, lead to maternal and child mortality due to the possibility of excessive bleeding and asepsis following labour. A chhaupadi shed or hut, also called chhaupadi goth, is a rudimentary stone, grass or stick shelter. Most shelters, many which are also commonly used as cow or goat sheds, have dirt floors and no windows. Many sheds have no water. Habitation...more
Variables: SMPP-DATA-1
“Today the ritual of banishment surrounding chhaupadi still affects girls and women on all levels of Nepali society. This dangerous practice also isolates woman during and after childbirth as they are banished for up to eleven days away from family members, causing critical danger and increasing complications that can, and do, lead to maternal and child mortality due to the possibility of excessive bleeding and asepsis following labour. A chhaupadi shed or hut, also called chhaupadi goth, is a rudimentary stone, grass or stick shelter. Most shelters, many which are also commonly used as cow or goat sheds, have dirt floors and no windows. Many sheds have no water. Habitation...more
Nov. 29, 2010, 2:10 p.m.
Countries: Botswana
Variables: SMPP-DATA-1
"In the case of maternity, after giving birth, the tradition requires women to stay home (botsetse) for a period of time, which may range from 14 to 90 days." (38)
Variables: SMPP-DATA-1
"In the case of maternity, after giving birth, the tradition requires women to stay home (botsetse) for a period of time, which may range from 14 to 90 days." (38)
April 30, 2010, 6:01 p.m.
Countries: Taiwan
Variables: SMPP-PRACTICE-1, SMPP-DATA-1
“Interestingly, these stressors were named by women in Taiwan, where new mothers traditionally spend the first month after childbirth in seclusion. During this postpartum seclusion, the new mother is accompanied by an older woman (her mother or mother-in-law) and is relieved from most household chores. While the tradition gives rise to its own stressors (for example, some new mothers would prefer to spend their confinement with their husbands—Heh et al 2001), the social support associated with postpartum seclusion may have a protective effect. Compared to Western mothers, Taiwanese mothers report relatively low levels of postpartum stress overall (Hung and Chung 2001)” (Para. 10).
Variables: SMPP-PRACTICE-1, SMPP-DATA-1
“Interestingly, these stressors were named by women in Taiwan, where new mothers traditionally spend the first month after childbirth in seclusion. During this postpartum seclusion, the new mother is accompanied by an older woman (her mother or mother-in-law) and is relieved from most household chores. While the tradition gives rise to its own stressors (for example, some new mothers would prefer to spend their confinement with their husbands—Heh et al 2001), the social support associated with postpartum seclusion may have a protective effect. Compared to Western mothers, Taiwanese mothers report relatively low levels of postpartum stress overall (Hung and Chung 2001)” (Para. 10).
March 2, 2010, 1:43 p.m.
Countries: Peru
Variables: SMPP-PRACTICE-1, SMPP-DATA-1
"After her fifth menses had passed the girl's mother invited the women and a few old men of the village to a feast. The day was spent in singing songs, dancing, and feasting. At the end each guest received a present. Her long stay in the dark cell was now over. But her companion remained with her constantly, and she continued her daily baths. She was now regarded as eligible for marriage, and ordinarily did marry within a short time" (Olson, 1936:p105-6)"
Variables: SMPP-PRACTICE-1, SMPP-DATA-1
"After her fifth menses had passed the girl's mother invited the women and a few old men of the village to a feast. The day was spent in singing songs, dancing, and feasting. At the end each guest received a present. Her long stay in the dark cell was now over. But her companion remained with her constantly, and she continued her daily baths. She was now regarded as eligible for marriage, and ordinarily did marry within a short time" (Olson, 1936:p105-6)"
March 2, 2010, 1:25 p.m.
Countries: Argentina, Chile
Variables: SMPP-PRACTICE-1, SMPP-DATA-1
"Sister Hilger (1957)[174] states that child betrothal was rare, in which case marriage would be delayed till fifteen (p329, 389). Hilger (1957) has no arguments on child sexuality. Among the Argentine Araucanians, a girl is prepared for menarche, but not explained its purpose. (p293). 'Neither boys not girls were given sex instructions. Speaking of sex matters was practically taboo. 'We would not talk about it; it was too delicate. Things were very strict formerly. A girl of 20 years old knew nothing about sex; today very young girls know everything they should not know [ch. Chippeway]. Formerly, if a young man touched a girl, like putting his hands on hers...more
Variables: SMPP-PRACTICE-1, SMPP-DATA-1
"Sister Hilger (1957)[174] states that child betrothal was rare, in which case marriage would be delayed till fifteen (p329, 389). Hilger (1957) has no arguments on child sexuality. Among the Argentine Araucanians, a girl is prepared for menarche, but not explained its purpose. (p293). 'Neither boys not girls were given sex instructions. Speaking of sex matters was practically taboo. 'We would not talk about it; it was too delicate. Things were very strict formerly. A girl of 20 years old knew nothing about sex; today very young girls know everything they should not know [ch. Chippeway]. Formerly, if a young man touched a girl, like putting his hands on hers...more
March 2, 2010, 1:23 p.m.
Countries: Argentina, Bolivia
Variables: SMPP-PRACTICE-1, SMPP-DATA-1
"The Mataco regard the initiation of girls as an introduction to marriage. This initiation consists in the girl's seclusion—or better—segregation from everyone apart from her mother. It comes as a prolongation of her first menstruation, and the long isolation is spent in continual work making caraguatá cord. It is considered very important that this work should be performed rapidly and well in order that an impression can be formed of the girl's ability as regards her main occupation in the future. As a rule the end of seclusion is marked by an aloja festival during which the girl looks around for a man. That same night she is able to...more
Variables: SMPP-PRACTICE-1, SMPP-DATA-1
"The Mataco regard the initiation of girls as an introduction to marriage. This initiation consists in the girl's seclusion—or better—segregation from everyone apart from her mother. It comes as a prolongation of her first menstruation, and the long isolation is spent in continual work making caraguatá cord. It is considered very important that this work should be performed rapidly and well in order that an impression can be formed of the girl's ability as regards her main occupation in the future. As a rule the end of seclusion is marked by an aloja festival during which the girl looks around for a man. That same night she is able to...more
March 2, 2010, 1:18 p.m.
Countries: Brazil
Variables: SMPP-PRACTICE-1, SMPP-DATA-1
"'Boys are secluded for three years at age 12, girls at menarche (Gregor, 1977)[160]. A father of a boy who was having a romance, would say: "That will keep him away from her; I don't want him to grow up stunted'. Children may 'play at seclusion' (p114, 226). Other games require privacy: 'women's sons' (teneju itãi), 'Mariage' (kanupai), and 'jealousy' (ukítsapi) (p113). In one variation of marriage, '[…] the husbands and wives pair off and go to hidden areas around the village to engage in casual sex play or, if they are capable, actual intercourse. The Mehinaku are sexually free, and most children have had some degree of experience by...more
Variables: SMPP-PRACTICE-1, SMPP-DATA-1
"'Boys are secluded for three years at age 12, girls at menarche (Gregor, 1977)[160]. A father of a boy who was having a romance, would say: "That will keep him away from her; I don't want him to grow up stunted'. Children may 'play at seclusion' (p114, 226). Other games require privacy: 'women's sons' (teneju itãi), 'Mariage' (kanupai), and 'jealousy' (ukítsapi) (p113). In one variation of marriage, '[…] the husbands and wives pair off and go to hidden areas around the village to engage in casual sex play or, if they are capable, actual intercourse. The Mehinaku are sexually free, and most children have had some degree of experience by...more
March 2, 2010, 1:13 p.m.
Countries: Brazil
Variables: SMPP-PRACTICE-1, SMPP-DATA-1
"Crocker and Crocker (1994:p33-4, 156-7)[141] stated that girls begin sexual relations between ten and thirteen before menarche. Boys and girls are segregated at ages 6 to 7. At ages 6 to 14, a girl "is appointed to be a girl associate of a male society for one or a number of successive years. At one or more ceremonial points in the festival, beginning in her early teens, she has sexual relations with the society's members, teaching her that one of her roles in mature Canela life is to keep nonrelated males sexually satisfied". At age 11-13, "[a] girl's genitals [are] formally inspected by a disciplinary aunt to see if she...more
Variables: SMPP-PRACTICE-1, SMPP-DATA-1
"Crocker and Crocker (1994:p33-4, 156-7)[141] stated that girls begin sexual relations between ten and thirteen before menarche. Boys and girls are segregated at ages 6 to 7. At ages 6 to 14, a girl "is appointed to be a girl associate of a male society for one or a number of successive years. At one or more ceremonial points in the festival, beginning in her early teens, she has sexual relations with the society's members, teaching her that one of her roles in mature Canela life is to keep nonrelated males sexually satisfied". At age 11-13, "[a] girl's genitals [are] formally inspected by a disciplinary aunt to see if she...more
March 2, 2010, 12:24 p.m.
Countries: Suriname
Variables: SMPP-PRACTICE-1, SMPP-DATA-1
"Boys go to sleep at the home of a brother, an uncle, a comrade; the same for girls who have not yet reached puberty; but it is not the same for girls who have reached puberty; they are subjected to strict supervision. […] Whereas little girls before puberty are left free to come and go, older girls are the object of constant surveillance. They are always under the surveillance of one of their near relatives specifically designated. If they have permission to go dancing in another village, they must present themselves upon arrival to an uncle, an aunt, an older brother who will watch over them all evening. Sometimes they...more
Variables: SMPP-PRACTICE-1, SMPP-DATA-1
"Boys go to sleep at the home of a brother, an uncle, a comrade; the same for girls who have not yet reached puberty; but it is not the same for girls who have reached puberty; they are subjected to strict supervision. […] Whereas little girls before puberty are left free to come and go, older girls are the object of constant surveillance. They are always under the surveillance of one of their near relatives specifically designated. If they have permission to go dancing in another village, they must present themselves upon arrival to an uncle, an aunt, an older brother who will watch over them all evening. Sometimes they...more
March 2, 2010, 12:18 p.m.
Countries: Venezuela
Variables: SMPP-DATA-1, AOM-PRACTICE-1
"Among the Indians of the Orinoco-Ventuari region of southern Venezuela, '[s]ometimes parents marry off their children before they reach maturity. Some men also take a second wife when she is still underage, but they respect them and have no sexual contact with them until after the first menstrual periods have passed. […] The first menstrual period indicates that a man may have sexual relations with the wife who was promised to him when she was still a child. Sometimes a girl will refuse to marry the man to whom she was promised as a wife, but she is afraid to conceal her first menstrual periods for mythological reasons'"more
Variables: SMPP-DATA-1, AOM-PRACTICE-1
"Among the Indians of the Orinoco-Ventuari region of southern Venezuela, '[s]ometimes parents marry off their children before they reach maturity. Some men also take a second wife when she is still underage, but they respect them and have no sexual contact with them until after the first menstrual periods have passed. […] The first menstrual period indicates that a man may have sexual relations with the wife who was promised to him when she was still a child. Sometimes a girl will refuse to marry the man to whom she was promised as a wife, but she is afraid to conceal her first menstrual periods for mythological reasons'"more
March 2, 2010, 11:49 a.m.
Countries: Venezuela
Variables: SMPP-PRACTICE-1, SMPP-DATA-1
"Girls after menarche receive 'instructions with respect to sexual […] activities, such as how to prepare and use contraceptives […]' (Watson-Franke, 1982:p452; 1976)[69]. These contraceptives would be administered even during the seclusion, part of the initiation called majayuraa. In Guajiro society there is an apparent relationship between severe socialisation of female sexual behaviour and the demands made on a woman's behaviour by the institution of marriage (Watson, 1972)[70]. The success of this severe sexual socialisation of the girl has a bearing on the ability of her family to maintain its status in society and to contract useful political alliances. Severe socialisation is functionally adapted to these demands because it produces...more
Variables: SMPP-PRACTICE-1, SMPP-DATA-1
"Girls after menarche receive 'instructions with respect to sexual […] activities, such as how to prepare and use contraceptives […]' (Watson-Franke, 1982:p452; 1976)[69]. These contraceptives would be administered even during the seclusion, part of the initiation called majayuraa. In Guajiro society there is an apparent relationship between severe socialisation of female sexual behaviour and the demands made on a woman's behaviour by the institution of marriage (Watson, 1972)[70]. The success of this severe sexual socialisation of the girl has a bearing on the ability of her family to maintain its status in society and to contract useful political alliances. Severe socialisation is functionally adapted to these demands because it produces...more
March 1, 2010, 10:51 a.m.
Countries: Colombia
Variables: SMPP-PRACTICE-1, SMPP-DATA-1
"Between the first and second menstruations, a shaman performs protective magic for her. During this time, she is also taught the role and duties of an adult and married woman. After her second menstruation, the shaman starts to bless food in the usual sequence. The girl gradually returns to normal life and eating habits. When her hair has grown long again, she is considered an adult woman. She may now have sexual relations with men and is free to marry"
Variables: SMPP-PRACTICE-1, SMPP-DATA-1
"Between the first and second menstruations, a shaman performs protective magic for her. During this time, she is also taught the role and duties of an adult and married woman. After her second menstruation, the shaman starts to bless food in the usual sequence. The girl gradually returns to normal life and eating habits. When her hair has grown long again, she is considered an adult woman. She may now have sexual relations with men and is free to marry"
March 1, 2010, 10:49 a.m.
Countries: Colombia
Variables: SMPP-PRACTICE-1, SMPP-DATA-1
"'Girls undergo digital defloration at the age of eight, I was told. An old man of the sib who is no longer virile is charged with this task. He is said to stretch the young girl's vagina until he can insert three fingers. He then announces, 'You are a woman'. The Cubeo say that if a girl should reach her first menstruation with her hymen intact coitus will ever after be painful for her and she will have difficulties during parturition. Digital defloration is a secret act; officially, the Cubeo credit the moon with the act. The moon copulates at night with a young girl and brings on her first...more
Variables: SMPP-PRACTICE-1, SMPP-DATA-1
"'Girls undergo digital defloration at the age of eight, I was told. An old man of the sib who is no longer virile is charged with this task. He is said to stretch the young girl's vagina until he can insert three fingers. He then announces, 'You are a woman'. The Cubeo say that if a girl should reach her first menstruation with her hymen intact coitus will ever after be painful for her and she will have difficulties during parturition. Digital defloration is a secret act; officially, the Cubeo credit the moon with the act. The moon copulates at night with a young girl and brings on her first...more
March 1, 2010, 10:48 a.m.
Countries: Colombia
Variables: SMPP-PRACTICE-1, SMPP-DATA-1
"According to Losonczy (1993), the beginning of the menstrual cycle marks the opening of the feminine body to "a cosmic movement, focused on the capacity of childbearing". The girl in the ambiguous transitional phase between childhood and maturity is represented in initiation rites as an accomplice, seductress, and nurturer of supernatural beings. This transitional status must culminate in marriage and maternity to sustain the cosmic movement of production and reproduction"
Variables: SMPP-PRACTICE-1, SMPP-DATA-1
"According to Losonczy (1993), the beginning of the menstrual cycle marks the opening of the feminine body to "a cosmic movement, focused on the capacity of childbearing". The girl in the ambiguous transitional phase between childhood and maturity is represented in initiation rites as an accomplice, seductress, and nurturer of supernatural beings. This transitional status must culminate in marriage and maternity to sustain the cosmic movement of production and reproduction"
March 1, 2010, 10:47 a.m.
Countries: Colombia
Variables: SMPP-PRACTICE-1, SMPP-DATA-1
"It is the duty of the mothers to teach their daughters what behavior is to be observed when the first menstruation appears, and they are responsible if this behavior is not observed. […] Then the Máma divines who should deflower the girl. Generally this is an "Elder", a man who is not related to her, but many times the Máma himself performs this act. The man, or the Máma, then builds a small house (nyuíji hubé -- the house of the bat), where the first coitus is to take place. On the previous day the Máma gives the girl a spindle wheel and a needle of deer bone (sometimes made...more
Variables: SMPP-PRACTICE-1, SMPP-DATA-1
"It is the duty of the mothers to teach their daughters what behavior is to be observed when the first menstruation appears, and they are responsible if this behavior is not observed. […] Then the Máma divines who should deflower the girl. Generally this is an "Elder", a man who is not related to her, but many times the Máma himself performs this act. The man, or the Máma, then builds a small house (nyuíji hubé -- the house of the bat), where the first coitus is to take place. On the previous day the Máma gives the girl a spindle wheel and a needle of deer bone (sometimes made...more