Latest items for Albania
Feb. 25, 2026, 9:36 a.m.
Countries: Albania
Variables: LRCM-PRACTICE-1
"Despite its prevalence, marital rape is often overlooked or dismissed as a private matter between spouses. This is particularly true in Albania, where social, cultural, and legal factors can make it challenging to identify and prevent marital rape. One of the biggest challenges in identifying marital rape in Albania is the lack of awareness and understanding of the concept. The paper identify the forms of marital rape and women consequences. Many people, including law enforcement officials, still believe that a spouse cannot rape their partner, as they assume that consent is automatically given within marriage. This attitude can lead to underreporting and a lack of action taken against perpetrators, making...more
Variables: LRCM-PRACTICE-1
"Despite its prevalence, marital rape is often overlooked or dismissed as a private matter between spouses. This is particularly true in Albania, where social, cultural, and legal factors can make it challenging to identify and prevent marital rape. One of the biggest challenges in identifying marital rape in Albania is the lack of awareness and understanding of the concept. The paper identify the forms of marital rape and women consequences. Many people, including law enforcement officials, still believe that a spouse cannot rape their partner, as they assume that consent is automatically given within marriage. This attitude can lead to underreporting and a lack of action taken against perpetrators, making...more
Feb. 25, 2026, 9:36 a.m.
Countries: Albania
Variables: LRCM-LAW-2
"Albania, however, has laws that address marital rape and provide harsher penalties against perpetrators of marital rape, which is now a separate criminal offence. The Criminal Code addresses sexual violence under article 107/a. Sexual violence is punishable of three to seven years of imprisonment (Criminal Code, art. 107/a). Rape is a criminal offense under article 102 of the Criminal Code and is punishable of three to ten years of imprisonment. The law is based on lack of consent and does not require proof of physical force, resistance or penetration (Criminal Code, art. 102). The legal definition of rape includes marital rape (Criminal Code, art. 102). Increased penalties for aggravated forms...more
Variables: LRCM-LAW-2
"Albania, however, has laws that address marital rape and provide harsher penalties against perpetrators of marital rape, which is now a separate criminal offence. The Criminal Code addresses sexual violence under article 107/a. Sexual violence is punishable of three to seven years of imprisonment (Criminal Code, art. 107/a). Rape is a criminal offense under article 102 of the Criminal Code and is punishable of three to ten years of imprisonment. The law is based on lack of consent and does not require proof of physical force, resistance or penetration (Criminal Code, art. 102). The legal definition of rape includes marital rape (Criminal Code, art. 102). Increased penalties for aggravated forms...more
Feb. 23, 2026, 5:37 p.m.
Countries: Albania
Variables: SUICIDE-PRACTICE-1
“As cases of online harassment, bullying, revenge porn, and blackmail increased, in early 2024, the situation took a macabre turn as Albania counted two suicides potential linked to the platform.” (pg 46, para 12)
Variables: SUICIDE-PRACTICE-1
“As cases of online harassment, bullying, revenge porn, and blackmail increased, in early 2024, the situation took a macabre turn as Albania counted two suicides potential linked to the platform.” (pg 46, para 12)
Feb. 23, 2026, 10:18 a.m.
Countries: Albania
Variables: SUICIDE-PRACTICE-1
“Mental health problems, nihilistic beliefs, domestic violence, and in recent years blackmail with intimate videos or photos in the online media have been the main factors in increasing the number of suicides in Albania.” (para 1)
Variables: SUICIDE-PRACTICE-1
“Mental health problems, nihilistic beliefs, domestic violence, and in recent years blackmail with intimate videos or photos in the online media have been the main factors in increasing the number of suicides in Albania.” (para 1)
Feb. 23, 2026, 10:11 a.m.
Countries: Albania
Variables: SUICIDE-PRACTICE-1
“Police in Tirana on Sunday notified about the case of a 27-year-old [Albanian] woman who had killed herself. On Monday, they declared that a 39-year-old [Albanian] man had been arrested for “causing suicide”. It is alleged that the man posted an “intimate” photo of her on TikTok.” (para 1)
Variables: SUICIDE-PRACTICE-1
“Police in Tirana on Sunday notified about the case of a 27-year-old [Albanian] woman who had killed herself. On Monday, they declared that a 39-year-old [Albanian] man had been arrested for “causing suicide”. It is alleged that the man posted an “intimate” photo of her on TikTok.” (para 1)
Feb. 22, 2026, 4:11 p.m.
Countries: Albania
Variables: LRW-DATA-1
"Only during 2022, the number of women and girls who were raped increased three times compared to 2021. According to Replika.al, the number of victims during 2022 reached 3760 from the 1374 that were in 2021" (para 1).
Variables: LRW-DATA-1
"Only during 2022, the number of women and girls who were raped increased three times compared to 2021. According to Replika.al, the number of victims during 2022 reached 3760 from the 1374 that were in 2021" (para 1).
Feb. 22, 2026, 3:57 p.m.
Countries: Albania
Variables: LRW-DATA-1
"In 2022, there was an increase in the number of sexual crimes compared to 2021 (162 recorded 101 cases compared to 158). Almost all (98%) of the perpetrators of sexual crimes were men" (24).
Variables: LRW-DATA-1
"In 2022, there was an increase in the number of sexual crimes compared to 2021 (162 recorded 101 cases compared to 158). Almost all (98%) of the perpetrators of sexual crimes were men" (24).
Feb. 22, 2026, 3:54 p.m.
Countries: Albania
Variables: LRCM-DATA-1
"[T]here is no specific data on spousal rape, and often even authorities do not consider spousal rape a crime, in which case it is neither reported nor prosecuted" (23).
Variables: LRCM-DATA-1
"[T]here is no specific data on spousal rape, and often even authorities do not consider spousal rape a crime, in which case it is neither reported nor prosecuted" (23).
Feb. 21, 2026, 2:17 p.m.
Countries: Albania
Variables: ISSA-DATA-2
"The ratio of male to female births was currently 107 males to 100 females" (para 7).
Variables: ISSA-DATA-2
"The ratio of male to female births was currently 107 males to 100 females" (para 7).
Feb. 21, 2026, 2:17 p.m.
Countries: Albania
Variables: ISSA-PRACTICE-1, ISSA-DATA-1
"One Expert said selective abortion seemed to be deep-rooted in Albanian society" (para 3).
Variables: ISSA-PRACTICE-1, ISSA-DATA-1
"One Expert said selective abortion seemed to be deep-rooted in Albanian society" (para 3).
Feb. 21, 2026, 2:01 p.m.
Countries: Albania
Variables: MURDER-DATA-1
"On International Women’s Day, the People’s Advocate in cooperation with UN Women launched the ‘Femicide Watch’. This first of its kind initiative will collect and analyze data at the national level to promote more effective policies and mechanisms to prevent gender-based killings of women" (para 1). This indicates that femicide is enough of a problem in Albania to warrant this (CEC2 - CODER COMMENT).
Variables: MURDER-DATA-1
"On International Women’s Day, the People’s Advocate in cooperation with UN Women launched the ‘Femicide Watch’. This first of its kind initiative will collect and analyze data at the national level to promote more effective policies and mechanisms to prevent gender-based killings of women" (para 1). This indicates that femicide is enough of a problem in Albania to warrant this (CEC2 - CODER COMMENT).
Feb. 17, 2026, 9:26 a.m.
Countries: Albania
Variables: LRW-PRACTICE-2
"GREVIO is seriously concerned that the number of reported cases of rape in Albania is extremely low. This raises serious concerns that women who are victims of rape face serious barriers to reporting the crime to law enforcement or any other authority. Rape and sexual violence are associated with such stigma and shame that victims simply do not turn to the authorities for help and support" (39).
Variables: LRW-PRACTICE-2
"GREVIO is seriously concerned that the number of reported cases of rape in Albania is extremely low. This raises serious concerns that women who are victims of rape face serious barriers to reporting the crime to law enforcement or any other authority. Rape and sexual violence are associated with such stigma and shame that victims simply do not turn to the authorities for help and support" (39).
Feb. 17, 2026, 8:21 a.m.
Countries: Albania
Variables: LRW-PRACTICE-1
"Rape, including spousal rape and the rape of a person, regardless of gender or sexual orientation, was a crime... The government did not enforce the law effectively. Authorities did not disaggregate data on prosecutions for spousal rape. The concept of spousal rape was not well understood, and authorities did not always consider it a crime" (11).
Variables: LRW-PRACTICE-1
"Rape, including spousal rape and the rape of a person, regardless of gender or sexual orientation, was a crime... The government did not enforce the law effectively. Authorities did not disaggregate data on prosecutions for spousal rape. The concept of spousal rape was not well understood, and authorities did not always consider it a crime" (11).
Feb. 12, 2026, 3:08 p.m.
Countries: Albania
Variables: MURDER-DATA-4
"In 2023, Albania's femicide rate was 0.84 per 100,000 women, higher than in 2022" (para 8).
Variables: MURDER-DATA-4
"In 2023, Albania's femicide rate was 0.84 per 100,000 women, higher than in 2022" (para 8).
Feb. 12, 2026, 3:52 a.m.
Countries: Albania, Australia, Austria, Belarus, Belgium, Belize, Benin, Bhutan, Brazil, Burkina Faso, Burma/Myanmar, Canada, Cape Verde, Chile, China, Cote D'Ivoire, Ecuador, Estonia, France, Ghana, Greece, Guatemala, Honduras, Iceland, Iraq, Ireland, Jamaica, Kyrgyzstan, Mexico, Mozambique, Netherlands, Nicaragua, Niger, Norway, Pakistan, Paraguay, Peru, Qatar, Russia, Senegal, South Africa, Spain, Sri Lanka, Sweden, Taiwan, Togo, Tunisia, Ukraine, Uruguay, Venezuela, Vietnam
Variables: DV-SCALE-1
2
Variables: DV-SCALE-1
2
Feb. 10, 2026, 8:16 a.m.
Countries: Albania
Variables: GEW-LAW-1
"Article 8 War crimes 1. The Court shall have jurisdiction in respect of war crimes in particular when committed as part of a plan or policy or as part of a large-scale commission of such crimes. 2. For the purpose of this Statute, “war crimes” means: ... (b) Other serious violations of the laws and customs applicable in international armed conflict, within the established framework of international law, namely, any of the following acts: ... (vii) Unlawful deportation or transfer or unlawful confinement; ... (xxii) Committing rape, sexual slavery, enforced prostitution, forced pregnancy, as defined in article 7, paragraph 2 (f), enforced sterilization, or any other form of sexual violence...more
Variables: GEW-LAW-1
"Article 8 War crimes 1. The Court shall have jurisdiction in respect of war crimes in particular when committed as part of a plan or policy or as part of a large-scale commission of such crimes. 2. For the purpose of this Statute, “war crimes” means: ... (b) Other serious violations of the laws and customs applicable in international armed conflict, within the established framework of international law, namely, any of the following acts: ... (vii) Unlawful deportation or transfer or unlawful confinement; ... (xxii) Committing rape, sexual slavery, enforced prostitution, forced pregnancy, as defined in article 7, paragraph 2 (f), enforced sterilization, or any other form of sexual violence...more
Feb. 10, 2026, 8:10 a.m.
Countries: Albania
Variables: GEW-LAW-1
"Participant: Albania, Signature: 18 Jul 1998, Approval(AA), Acceptance(A), Accession(a), Succession(d), Ratification: 31 Jan 2003" (2). Albania remains a signatory to the Rome Statute, which acts as the primary piece of international law criminalizing the use of rape and trafficking as weapons of war. While Albania does not have a specific ban on the use of rape/trafficking in their military criminal code, military members are held criminally responsible both under Albanian domestic criminal code and the Rome Statute (NAC - CODER COMMENT).
Variables: GEW-LAW-1
"Participant: Albania, Signature: 18 Jul 1998, Approval(AA), Acceptance(A), Accession(a), Succession(d), Ratification: 31 Jan 2003" (2). Albania remains a signatory to the Rome Statute, which acts as the primary piece of international law criminalizing the use of rape and trafficking as weapons of war. While Albania does not have a specific ban on the use of rape/trafficking in their military criminal code, military members are held criminally responsible both under Albanian domestic criminal code and the Rome Statute (NAC - CODER COMMENT).
Feb. 10, 2026, 7:56 a.m.
Countries: Albania
Variables: GEW-DATA-1
There is no evidence that the Albanian government facilitated or was accepting of the use of sexual violence as a weapon of war between the years 2020-2025. During that period, Albania was not involved in an armed conflict. Rebel groups/armed insurgencies did not exist in Albania during that period. (NAC - CODER COMMENT).
Variables: GEW-DATA-1
There is no evidence that the Albanian government facilitated or was accepting of the use of sexual violence as a weapon of war between the years 2020-2025. During that period, Albania was not involved in an armed conflict. Rebel groups/armed insurgencies did not exist in Albania during that period. (NAC - CODER COMMENT).
Feb. 4, 2026, 11:10 a.m.
Countries: Albania
Variables: GEW-PRACTICE-1
There is no evidence that the Albanian government facilitated or was accepting of the use of sexual violence as a weapon of war between the years 2020-2025. During that period, Albania was not involved in an armed conflict. Rebel groups/armed insurgencies did not exist in Albania during that period. (NAC - CODER COMMENT).
Variables: GEW-PRACTICE-1
There is no evidence that the Albanian government facilitated or was accepting of the use of sexual violence as a weapon of war between the years 2020-2025. During that period, Albania was not involved in an armed conflict. Rebel groups/armed insurgencies did not exist in Albania during that period. (NAC - CODER COMMENT).
Feb. 2, 2026, 9:33 a.m.
Countries: Albania
Variables: EWCMS-DATA-3
Data on the prosecutions of sexual assault within the Albanian military is scarce to nonexistent. It does not appear that the Albanian Ministry of Defense publishes statistics relating to military sexual assault prosecutions at this time. (NAC - CODER COMMENT).
Variables: EWCMS-DATA-3
Data on the prosecutions of sexual assault within the Albanian military is scarce to nonexistent. It does not appear that the Albanian Ministry of Defense publishes statistics relating to military sexual assault prosecutions at this time. (NAC - CODER COMMENT).
Feb. 2, 2026, 9:31 a.m.
Countries: Albania
Variables: EWCMS-DATA-2
Data on the incidence of sexual assault within the Albanian military is scarce to nonexistent. It does not appear that the Albanian Ministry of Defense publishes statistics relating to military sexual assault at this time. (NAC - CODER COMMENT).
Variables: EWCMS-DATA-2
Data on the incidence of sexual assault within the Albanian military is scarce to nonexistent. It does not appear that the Albanian Ministry of Defense publishes statistics relating to military sexual assault at this time. (NAC - CODER COMMENT).
Feb. 2, 2026, 9:26 a.m.
Countries: Albania
Variables: EWCMS-LAW-5
"Rape and Domestic Violence: Rape, including spousal rape and the rape of a person, regardless of gender or sexual orientation, was a crime; the law also included provisions on sexual assault. Penalties for rape and sexual assault depended on the age of the survivor. For rape of an adult, the penalty was three to 10 years in prison. The government did not enforce the law effectively" (11). Specific charges against rape and sexual assault between military members is not defined within Albanian Military Penal Code. Albanian military members are thus accountable to Albania's broader criminal code, which applies equally to military members and Albanian civilians. (NAC - CODER COMMENT).more
Variables: EWCMS-LAW-5
"Rape and Domestic Violence: Rape, including spousal rape and the rape of a person, regardless of gender or sexual orientation, was a crime; the law also included provisions on sexual assault. Penalties for rape and sexual assault depended on the age of the survivor. For rape of an adult, the penalty was three to 10 years in prison. The government did not enforce the law effectively" (11). Specific charges against rape and sexual assault between military members is not defined within Albanian Military Penal Code. Albanian military members are thus accountable to Albania's broader criminal code, which applies equally to military members and Albanian civilians. (NAC - CODER COMMENT).more
Feb. 2, 2026, 9:16 a.m.
Countries: Albania
Variables: EWCMS-LAW-5
"Performing violent sexual relations with adults, or between spouses or cohabitants, without the consent of one of them, shall be sentenced by imprisonment from three to ten years. When the violent sexual relation is committed in complicity, or more than once, or when serious health consequences are caused to the injured party, it shall be sentenced by imprisonment from five to fifteen years. When the offence has resulted in the death or suicide of the injured party, it shall be sentenced by imprisonment from ten to twenty years" (35-36). According to Article 14 of the 1995 Military Penal Code of the Republic of Albania (https://www.mod.gov.al/images/akteligjore/kodipenal/1.pdf), service members are liable to...more
Variables: EWCMS-LAW-5
"Performing violent sexual relations with adults, or between spouses or cohabitants, without the consent of one of them, shall be sentenced by imprisonment from three to ten years. When the violent sexual relation is committed in complicity, or more than once, or when serious health consequences are caused to the injured party, it shall be sentenced by imprisonment from five to fifteen years. When the offence has resulted in the death or suicide of the injured party, it shall be sentenced by imprisonment from ten to twenty years" (35-36). According to Article 14 of the 1995 Military Penal Code of the Republic of Albania (https://www.mod.gov.al/images/akteligjore/kodipenal/1.pdf), service members are liable to...more
Feb. 2, 2026, 8:55 a.m.
Countries: Albania
Variables: EWCMS-PRACTICE-3
Information on military sexual assault in Albania is scarce to nonexistent. The 2020 policy revision (coded under this variable) appears to be the most recent reference to military sexual assault data, policy, or prevalence by Albanian government sources.
Variables: EWCMS-PRACTICE-3
Information on military sexual assault in Albania is scarce to nonexistent. The 2020 policy revision (coded under this variable) appears to be the most recent reference to military sexual assault data, policy, or prevalence by Albanian government sources.
Feb. 2, 2026, 8:50 a.m.
Countries: Albania
Variables: EWCMS-PRACTICE-3
"Data from INSTAT shows that 26% of women aged 18-74 believe a woman should be ashamed to talk to anyone if she is raped, while 21% believe that if a woman is raped, she probably did something careless to put herself in trouble" (1-2). While this quote does not directly address specific factors discouraging military members from reporting rape and sexual assault, it provides insight into the broader societal perspective on such crimes in Albania. It can safely be assumed that the societal attitudes which are highlighted in the quote, and which are likely to discourage reporting in Albania writ large, also apply to female military members who have been...more
Variables: EWCMS-PRACTICE-3
"Data from INSTAT shows that 26% of women aged 18-74 believe a woman should be ashamed to talk to anyone if she is raped, while 21% believe that if a woman is raped, she probably did something careless to put herself in trouble" (1-2). While this quote does not directly address specific factors discouraging military members from reporting rape and sexual assault, it provides insight into the broader societal perspective on such crimes in Albania. It can safely be assumed that the societal attitudes which are highlighted in the quote, and which are likely to discourage reporting in Albania writ large, also apply to female military members who have been...more
Jan. 29, 2026, 9:44 p.m.
Countries: Albania, Armenia, Bahamas, Belarus, Belize, Bhutan, Bolivia, Bosnia-Herzegovina, Brazil, Bulgaria, Cambodia, Canada, Cape Verde, China, Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba, Cyprus, Dominican Republic, East Timor, Ecuador, El Salvador, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Fiji, Finland, France, Greece, Guyana, Honduras, Italy, Jamaica, Japan, Kazakhstan, Laos, Lithuania, Macedonia, Malta, Mauritius, Moldova, Mongolia, Montenegro, Netherlands, Nicaragua, Panama, Peru, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, South Korea, Spain, Thailand, Turkey, United Kingdom, United States, Uruguay, Venezuela, Vietnam
Variables: LO-SCALE-3
1
Variables: LO-SCALE-3
1
Jan. 29, 2026, 9:43 p.m.
Countries: Albania, Armenia, Australia, Austria, Azerbaijan, Bahamas, Barbados, Belarus, Belgium, Belize, Benin, Bhutan, Bolivia, Bosnia-Herzegovina, Brazil, Bulgaria, Burkina Faso, Cambodia, Canada, Cape Verde, China, Colombia, Costa Rica, Croatia, Cuba, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Dominican Republic, East Timor, Ecuador, El Salvador, Eritrea, Estonia, Ethiopia, Fiji, Finland, France, Gabon, Germany, Greece, Guyana, Honduras, Hungary, Iceland, India, Ireland, Italy, Jamaica, Japan, Kazakhstan, Kosovo, Kyrgyzstan, Laos, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Macedonia, Malta, Mauritius, Mexico, Moldova, Mongolia, Montenegro, Namibia, Netherlands, New Zealand, Nicaragua, Nigeria, Norway, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, South Africa, South Korea, Spain, Suriname, Sweden, Switzerland, Tajikistan, Thailand, Trinidad/Tobago, Turkey, Turkmenistan, Ukraine, United Kingdom, United States, Uruguay, Uzbekistan, Venezuela, Vietnam, Zimbabwe
Variables: LO-SCALE-2
0more
Variables: LO-SCALE-2
0more
Jan. 29, 2026, 9:38 p.m.
Countries: Albania, Algeria, Argentina, Armenia, Bahamas, Bahrain, Bangladesh, Belarus, Belize, Bhutan, Bolivia, Bosnia-Herzegovina, Brazil, Brunei, Bulgaria, Burma/Myanmar, Cambodia, Canada, Cape Verde, China, Colombia, Congo, Costa Rica, Cuba, Cyprus, Djibouti, Dominican Republic, East Timor, Ecuador, El Salvador, Equatorial Guinea, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Fiji, Finland, France, Greece, Guyana, Haiti, Honduras, Indonesia, Iran, Iraq, Israel, Italy, Jamaica, Japan, Kazakhstan, Kuwait, Laos, Libya, Lithuania, Macedonia, Malaysia, Maldives, Malta, Mauritania, Mauritius, Moldova, Mongolia, Montenegro, Morocco, Netherlands, Nicaragua, North Korea, Oman, Pakistan, Panama, Papua New Guinea, Peru, Philippines, Qatar, Romania, Russia, Rwanda, Singapore, Slovakia, Slovenia, Somalia, South Korea, Spain, Taiwan, Tanzania, Thailand, Togo, Turkey, United Arab Emirates, United Kingdom, United States, Uruguay, Venezuela, Vietnam, Yemen
Variables: LO-SCALE-1
1
Variables: LO-SCALE-1
1
Jan. 26, 2026, 8:03 p.m.
Countries: Albania
Variables: EWCMS-LAW-5
"In 2020, the Albanian Armed Forces (AAF) were composed of 15% women and 85% men. During 2020, Albania had a valid National Action Plan. The year was defined by new policy relating to the recruitment of women, as well as policies on the prevention of sexual harassment and sexual abuse. In addition to the Human Resources Management Strategy in the Armed Forces 2020-2024, the AAF drafted the Policies and Procedures for the Elimination of Violence, Harassment and Sexual Harassment in the Workplace in the Ministry of Defence (MoD) and Armed Forces Structures" (8).
Variables: EWCMS-LAW-5
"In 2020, the Albanian Armed Forces (AAF) were composed of 15% women and 85% men. During 2020, Albania had a valid National Action Plan. The year was defined by new policy relating to the recruitment of women, as well as policies on the prevention of sexual harassment and sexual abuse. In addition to the Human Resources Management Strategy in the Armed Forces 2020-2024, the AAF drafted the Policies and Procedures for the Elimination of Violence, Harassment and Sexual Harassment in the Workplace in the Ministry of Defence (MoD) and Armed Forces Structures" (8).
Jan. 20, 2026, 1:13 a.m.
Countries: Albania, Barbados, Belize, Croatia, Ethiopia, Fiji, Guyana, Hungary, India, Israel, Japan, Kosovo, Laos, Mexico, Montenegro, Nepal, Portugal, Rwanda, Serbia, Taiwan, Turkey, Turkmenistan, Zambia
Variables: ABO-SCALE-1
2
Variables: ABO-SCALE-1
2