Latest items for Burundi
Aug. 20, 2026, 2:13 p.m.
Countries: Burundi
Variables: PW-LAW-1
“The laws of some of the countries provide for monogamy, so that nobody can contract a second marriage without the annulment or dissolution of the first one: Angola, Burundi, Democratic Republic of Congo, and Ethiopia” (12). “Article 103 of the Code of Persons and Family provides that nobody can contract a second marriage without the annulment or dissolution of the first one, essentially prohibiting polygamy. Women and men have the same rights to initiate divorce, either by a joint request from the spouses or by one of the spouses according to a determined cause” (39).
Variables: PW-LAW-1
“The laws of some of the countries provide for monogamy, so that nobody can contract a second marriage without the annulment or dissolution of the first one: Angola, Burundi, Democratic Republic of Congo, and Ethiopia” (12). “Article 103 of the Code of Persons and Family provides that nobody can contract a second marriage without the annulment or dissolution of the first one, essentially prohibiting polygamy. Women and men have the same rights to initiate divorce, either by a joint request from the spouses or by one of the spouses according to a determined cause” (39).
Aug. 20, 2026, 2:13 p.m.
Countries: Burundi
Variables: MARR-PRACTICE-7
“(iv) Recognition of husband as the head of the family: Article 122 of the Code of Persons and Family recognises the husband as the head of the communal household. The wife only replaces him when he is absent or prohibited. This provision entrenches patriarchal power” (40).
Variables: MARR-PRACTICE-7
“(iv) Recognition of husband as the head of the family: Article 122 of the Code of Persons and Family recognises the husband as the head of the communal household. The wife only replaces him when he is absent or prohibited. This provision entrenches patriarchal power” (40).
Aug. 20, 2026, 2:13 p.m.
Countries: Burundi
Variables: MARR-PRACTICE-4
“(i) Constitutional prohibition of same-sex marriage: The constitutional prohibition on same-sex marriage is a challenge for same-sex couples to found a family” (40).
Variables: MARR-PRACTICE-4
“(i) Constitutional prohibition of same-sex marriage: The constitutional prohibition on same-sex marriage is a challenge for same-sex couples to found a family” (40).
Aug. 20, 2026, 2:13 p.m.
Countries: Burundi
Variables: MARR-PRACTICE-1
“Concerning marriage, the Constitution protects the rights of women as demonstrated in the section above. The Law on the Protection of Victims and the Prevention and Punishment of Sexual and Gender-based Violence provides for several safeguards for women in the family. For instance, Article 38 provides for the punishment of anyone who kidnaps a girl for marrying her or to have her married. Article 39 criminalises forced marriage, including the forced marriage of widows to their step-brother, step-father, or the husband of a deceased sister. Article 59 further protects widows from harmful practices such as anyone preventing her from accessing the property from the marriage” (39).
Variables: MARR-PRACTICE-1
“Concerning marriage, the Constitution protects the rights of women as demonstrated in the section above. The Law on the Protection of Victims and the Prevention and Punishment of Sexual and Gender-based Violence provides for several safeguards for women in the family. For instance, Article 38 provides for the punishment of anyone who kidnaps a girl for marrying her or to have her married. Article 39 criminalises forced marriage, including the forced marriage of widows to their step-brother, step-father, or the husband of a deceased sister. Article 59 further protects widows from harmful practices such as anyone preventing her from accessing the property from the marriage” (39).
Aug. 20, 2026, 2:13 p.m.
Countries: Burundi
Variables: MARR-LAW-5
“Article 13 of the Constitution of Burundi provides that ‘All Burundian people are equal in merit and in dignity. All citizens enjoy the same rights and have the same protection of the law’. No Burundian will be excluded from the social, political, or economic life due to sex, amongst others. The government of Burundi is tasked to ‘guarantee to all the option to live in Burundi sheltered from’, amongst others, discrimination. All citizens are equal before the law and there should be no discrimination based on, amongst others, sex. Article 28 recognises the respect of family life and Article 30 recognises the family as the ‘natural base cell of society’....more
Variables: MARR-LAW-5
“Article 13 of the Constitution of Burundi provides that ‘All Burundian people are equal in merit and in dignity. All citizens enjoy the same rights and have the same protection of the law’. No Burundian will be excluded from the social, political, or economic life due to sex, amongst others. The government of Burundi is tasked to ‘guarantee to all the option to live in Burundi sheltered from’, amongst others, discrimination. All citizens are equal before the law and there should be no discrimination based on, amongst others, sex. Article 28 recognises the respect of family life and Article 30 recognises the family as the ‘natural base cell of society’....more
Aug. 20, 2026, 2:13 p.m.
Countries: Burundi
Variables: MARR-LAW-1
“Burundi and Côte d’Ivoire recognise only civil marriages and Tunisia recognises only marriages under its Code of Personal Status Laws” (9). “Concerning marriage, the Constitution protects the rights of women as demonstrated in the section above. The Law on the Protection of Victims and the Prevention and Punishment of Sexual and Gender-based Violence provides for several safeguards for women in the family. For instance, Article 38 provides for the punishment of anyone who kidnaps a girl for marrying her or to have her married. Article 39 criminalises forced marriage, including the forced marriage of widows to their step-brother, step-father, or the husband of a deceased sister. Article 59 further protects...more
Variables: MARR-LAW-1
“Burundi and Côte d’Ivoire recognise only civil marriages and Tunisia recognises only marriages under its Code of Personal Status Laws” (9). “Concerning marriage, the Constitution protects the rights of women as demonstrated in the section above. The Law on the Protection of Victims and the Prevention and Punishment of Sexual and Gender-based Violence provides for several safeguards for women in the family. For instance, Article 38 provides for the punishment of anyone who kidnaps a girl for marrying her or to have her married. Article 39 criminalises forced marriage, including the forced marriage of widows to their step-brother, step-father, or the husband of a deceased sister. Article 59 further protects...more
Aug. 20, 2026, 2:13 p.m.
Countries: Burundi
Variables: IW-LAW-1
“(v) No statutory provisions for women’s succession rights: This affects women's inheritance on their family side and in the instance their husband passes on. Customary law dictates succession rights of women and in most instances it is discriminatory” (40).
Variables: IW-LAW-1
“(v) No statutory provisions for women’s succession rights: This affects women's inheritance on their family side and in the instance their husband passes on. Customary law dictates succession rights of women and in most instances it is discriminatory” (40).
Aug. 20, 2026, 2:13 p.m.
Countries: Burundi
Variables: IAW-PRACTICE-1, IAW-LAW-1
“In some countries such as Angola, despite it being unconstitutional, women are totally excluded from inheriting their deceased husband’s property and are sometimes even kicked out of the matrimonial home. In countries such as Burundi, there is no law regulating women’s succession rights. Customary law dictates the succession rights of women and in most instances they are discriminatory” (16)
Variables: IAW-PRACTICE-1, IAW-LAW-1
“In some countries such as Angola, despite it being unconstitutional, women are totally excluded from inheriting their deceased husband’s property and are sometimes even kicked out of the matrimonial home. In countries such as Burundi, there is no law regulating women’s succession rights. Customary law dictates the succession rights of women and in most instances they are discriminatory” (16)
Aug. 20, 2026, 2:13 p.m.
Countries: Burundi
Variables: LRW-LAW-2, DV-LAW-1
“Article 535 of the Penal Code criminalises domestic violence, and Article 2 of the Law on the Protection of Victims and the Prevention and Punishment of Sexual and Gender-based Violence defines as‘all acts of physical,sexual, psychological or economical violence that occur within the family or within the family home’. Article 23 also provides that it is a crime to amicably settle domestic violence cases. Article 555 of the Penal Code criminalises marital rape. However, the sentence for the same is minimal since it is less than 30 days imprisonment or a fine” (39).
Variables: LRW-LAW-2, DV-LAW-1
“Article 535 of the Penal Code criminalises domestic violence, and Article 2 of the Law on the Protection of Victims and the Prevention and Punishment of Sexual and Gender-based Violence defines as‘all acts of physical,sexual, psychological or economical violence that occur within the family or within the family home’. Article 23 also provides that it is a crime to amicably settle domestic violence cases. Article 555 of the Penal Code criminalises marital rape. However, the sentence for the same is minimal since it is less than 30 days imprisonment or a fine” (39).
Aug. 20, 2026, 2:13 p.m.
Countries: Burundi
Variables: DTCP-LAW-1
“In some countries such as Angola, despite it being unconstitutional, women are totally excluded from inheriting their deceased husband’s property and are sometimes even kicked out of the matrimonial home. In countries such as Burundi, there is no law regulating women’s succession rights. Customary law dictates the succession rights of women and in most instances they are discriminatory” (16). “(v) No statutory provisions for women’s succession rights: This affects women's inheritance on their family side and in the instance their husband passes on. Customary law dictates succession rights of women and in most instances it is discriminatory” (40).
Variables: DTCP-LAW-1
“In some countries such as Angola, despite it being unconstitutional, women are totally excluded from inheriting their deceased husband’s property and are sometimes even kicked out of the matrimonial home. In countries such as Burundi, there is no law regulating women’s succession rights. Customary law dictates the succession rights of women and in most instances they are discriminatory” (16). “(v) No statutory provisions for women’s succession rights: This affects women's inheritance on their family side and in the instance their husband passes on. Customary law dictates succession rights of women and in most instances it is discriminatory” (40).
Aug. 20, 2026, 2:13 p.m.
Countries: Burundi
Variables: CUST-LAW-1
“Increasingly reformed Children’s Acts now ensure guardianship rights for both parents, whether married or unmarried, a presumption of joint, shared custody and the child’s right to know and be cared for by both biological parents. This goes a long way to ensuring equality in parental relations, as required by the Maputo Protocol. Such countries are Angola, Botswana, Burundi, Cameroon, Côte d’Ivoire, the Democratic Republic of Congo, Mozambique and Senegal” (15). “According to Article 123 of the Code of Persons and Family, both spouses are responsible for caring for their children. Even in instances of divorce, women have the same rights as men concerning legal guardianship according to Article 185 of...more
Variables: CUST-LAW-1
“Increasingly reformed Children’s Acts now ensure guardianship rights for both parents, whether married or unmarried, a presumption of joint, shared custody and the child’s right to know and be cared for by both biological parents. This goes a long way to ensuring equality in parental relations, as required by the Maputo Protocol. Such countries are Angola, Botswana, Burundi, Cameroon, Côte d’Ivoire, the Democratic Republic of Congo, Mozambique and Senegal” (15). “According to Article 123 of the Code of Persons and Family, both spouses are responsible for caring for their children. Even in instances of divorce, women have the same rights as men concerning legal guardianship according to Article 185 of...more
Aug. 20, 2026, 2:13 p.m.
Countries: Burundi
Variables: MARR-LAW-4, CONST-LAW-1
“Article 13 of the Constitution of Burundi provides that ‘All Burundian people are equal in merit and in dignity. All citizens enjoy the same rights and have the same protection of the law’. No Burundian will be excluded from the social, political, or economic life due to sex, amongst others. The government of Burundi is tasked to ‘guarantee to all the option to live in Burundi sheltered from’, amongst others, discrimination. All citizens are equal before the law and there should be no discrimination based on, amongst others, sex. Article 28 recognises the respect of family life and Article 30 recognises the family as the ‘natural base cell of society’....more
Variables: MARR-LAW-4, CONST-LAW-1
“Article 13 of the Constitution of Burundi provides that ‘All Burundian people are equal in merit and in dignity. All citizens enjoy the same rights and have the same protection of the law’. No Burundian will be excluded from the social, political, or economic life due to sex, amongst others. The government of Burundi is tasked to ‘guarantee to all the option to live in Burundi sheltered from’, amongst others, discrimination. All citizens are equal before the law and there should be no discrimination based on, amongst others, sex. Article 28 recognises the respect of family life and Article 30 recognises the family as the ‘natural base cell of society’....more
Aug. 20, 2026, 2:13 p.m.
Countries: Burundi
Variables: ATDW-PRACTICE-2
“Article 103 of the Code of Persons and Family provides that nobody can contract a second marriage without the annulment or dissolution of the first one, essentially prohibiting polygamy. Women and men have the same rights to initiate divorce, either by a joint request from the spouses or by one of the spouses according to a determined cause” (39).
Variables: ATDW-PRACTICE-2
“Article 103 of the Code of Persons and Family provides that nobody can contract a second marriage without the annulment or dissolution of the first one, essentially prohibiting polygamy. Women and men have the same rights to initiate divorce, either by a joint request from the spouses or by one of the spouses according to a determined cause” (39).
Aug. 20, 2026, 2:13 p.m.
Countries: Burundi
Variables: ATDW-PRACTICE-1
“Women and men have equal rights to petition for divorce in countries such as Angola, Burundi, Cameroon, Mozambique, and Senegal” (14). “Article 103 of the Code of Persons and Family provides that nobody can contract a second marriage without the annulment or dissolution of the first one, essentially prohibiting polygamy. Women and men have the same rights to initiate divorce, either by a joint request from the spouses or by one of the spouses according to a determined cause” (39).
Variables: ATDW-PRACTICE-1
“Women and men have equal rights to petition for divorce in countries such as Angola, Burundi, Cameroon, Mozambique, and Senegal” (14). “Article 103 of the Code of Persons and Family provides that nobody can contract a second marriage without the annulment or dissolution of the first one, essentially prohibiting polygamy. Women and men have the same rights to initiate divorce, either by a joint request from the spouses or by one of the spouses according to a determined cause” (39).
Aug. 20, 2026, 2:13 p.m.
Countries: Burundi
Variables: ATC-DATA-5
“African Charter 28 July 1989 and Maputo (Not Ratified) Signed: 3 December 2003” (39).
Variables: ATC-DATA-5
“African Charter 28 July 1989 and Maputo (Not Ratified) Signed: 3 December 2003” (39).
Aug. 20, 2026, 2:13 p.m.
Countries: Burundi
Variables: ATC-DATA-2
“None” (39).
Variables: ATC-DATA-2
“None” (39).
Aug. 20, 2026, 2:13 p.m.
Countries: Burundi
Variables: ATC-DATA-1
“8 January 1992” (39).
Variables: ATC-DATA-1
“8 January 1992” (39).
Aug. 20, 2026, 2:13 p.m.
Countries: Burundi
Variables: AOM-LAW-1
“(ii) Exceptions to the legal age of marriage: While Article 88 of the Code of Persons and Family provides for a man to be at least 21 years old and a woman to be 18 years old at the time of marriage, they can be allowed to marry below those years by the governor of the province, with the consent of their parents in case of serious reasons. Moreover, Article 2 of the Law on the Protection of Victims and the Prevention and Punishment of Sexual and Gender-based violence prohibits child marriage and punishes any guardian, parent or anyone who encourages a child to marry” (40).
Variables: AOM-LAW-1
“(ii) Exceptions to the legal age of marriage: While Article 88 of the Code of Persons and Family provides for a man to be at least 21 years old and a woman to be 18 years old at the time of marriage, they can be allowed to marry below those years by the governor of the province, with the consent of their parents in case of serious reasons. Moreover, Article 2 of the Law on the Protection of Victims and the Prevention and Punishment of Sexual and Gender-based violence prohibits child marriage and punishes any guardian, parent or anyone who encourages a child to marry” (40).
Aug. 9, 2026, 7:15 p.m.
Countries: Burundi
Variables: UVAW-PRACTICE-1
“The GBV law also contains provisions that provide lesser penalties than for equivalent offences in other laws – such as the abduction of a girl to marry her or to force her to marry someone else carrying a significantly lighter sentence than human trafficking of a child by means of abduction. In this way, gender-based violence offences are not treated as seriously as other comparable criminal offences” (para 8).
Variables: UVAW-PRACTICE-1
“The GBV law also contains provisions that provide lesser penalties than for equivalent offences in other laws – such as the abduction of a girl to marry her or to force her to marry someone else carrying a significantly lighter sentence than human trafficking of a child by means of abduction. In this way, gender-based violence offences are not treated as seriously as other comparable criminal offences” (para 8).
Aug. 9, 2026, 7:14 p.m.
Countries: Burundi
Variables: UVAW-PRACTICE-1
‘The government has failed to act to prevent acts of gender-based violence, including child marriage; 19 percent of girls are married before age 18. In March and April 2024, the authorities, including the police and the Imbonerakure, harassed and evicted from their homes hundreds of cohabitating couples who are not legally married, according to media reports. They forced some women in these relationships to relocate to their parents’ homes; some children were separated from their mothers and sent to live with the woman legally married to their father. They also coerced men into living with the women they were legally married to even if that relationship had long ended. The...more
Variables: UVAW-PRACTICE-1
‘The government has failed to act to prevent acts of gender-based violence, including child marriage; 19 percent of girls are married before age 18. In March and April 2024, the authorities, including the police and the Imbonerakure, harassed and evicted from their homes hundreds of cohabitating couples who are not legally married, according to media reports. They forced some women in these relationships to relocate to their parents’ homes; some children were separated from their mothers and sent to live with the woman legally married to their father. They also coerced men into living with the women they were legally married to even if that relationship had long ended. The...more
Aug. 9, 2026, 7:13 p.m.
Countries: Burundi
Variables: LRW-LAW-1, LRCM-LAW-2
“Rape and Domestic Violence: The law prohibited rape against women and men, including spousal rape, with penalties of up to 30 years’ imprisonment” (40).
Variables: LRW-LAW-1, LRCM-LAW-2
“Rape and Domestic Violence: The law prohibited rape against women and men, including spousal rape, with penalties of up to 30 years’ imprisonment” (40).
Aug. 9, 2026, 7:11 p.m.
Countries: Burundi
Variables: LRW-LAW-1, BR-PRACTICE-1
"At the end of the 16 Days of Activism Against Gender-Based Violence campaign (25 November–10 December 2025), the Movement of Women and Girls for Peace and Security in Burundi (MFFPS) and the World Organisation Against Torture (OMCT) have published a report revealing more than 200 serious human rights violations in Burundi between December 2024 and October 2025, 70% of which were gender-based violence affecting women and children. The most alarming facts include an increase in sexual violence, femicide and infanticide, as well as violence committed by state agents" (4).
Variables: LRW-LAW-1, BR-PRACTICE-1
"At the end of the 16 Days of Activism Against Gender-Based Violence campaign (25 November–10 December 2025), the Movement of Women and Girls for Peace and Security in Burundi (MFFPS) and the World Organisation Against Torture (OMCT) have published a report revealing more than 200 serious human rights violations in Burundi between December 2024 and October 2025, 70% of which were gender-based violence affecting women and children. The most alarming facts include an increase in sexual violence, femicide and infanticide, as well as violence committed by state agents" (4).
July 29, 2026, 7:11 p.m.
Countries: Burundi
Variables: MURDER-DATA-1
"A report in Kirundo Province reveals that from 2022 to the present, eight women have been killed; two other women from Rumonge province, one from Kayanza, another from Mwaro, and one from Makamba – all killed since January 2023, murdered by their husbands or sexual partners" (para 9).
Variables: MURDER-DATA-1
"A report in Kirundo Province reveals that from 2022 to the present, eight women have been killed; two other women from Rumonge province, one from Kayanza, another from Mwaro, and one from Makamba – all killed since January 2023, murdered by their husbands or sexual partners" (para 9).
July 29, 2026, 7:08 p.m.
Countries: Burundi
Variables: MURDER-PRACTICE-2
"A woman, who dares to denounce violence and abuses she is suffering, is considered rude. Moreover, these social norms make women afraid to denounce what happens to them, for fear of being stigmatized in society and being considered deviants. 'Whenever a man beats, injures, or breaks his wife’s arm or leg in Burundi, he is only punished by being advised not to repeat the act. As for the victim, her mother, older sisters, and aunts advise her to keep it a secret so as not to tarnish her couple’s image explaining to her ‘we too have always suffered the same thing’,' explains Inés Kidasharira, a women’s rights journalist. Kidasharira attributes...more
Variables: MURDER-PRACTICE-2
"A woman, who dares to denounce violence and abuses she is suffering, is considered rude. Moreover, these social norms make women afraid to denounce what happens to them, for fear of being stigmatized in society and being considered deviants. 'Whenever a man beats, injures, or breaks his wife’s arm or leg in Burundi, he is only punished by being advised not to repeat the act. As for the victim, her mother, older sisters, and aunts advise her to keep it a secret so as not to tarnish her couple’s image explaining to her ‘we too have always suffered the same thing’,' explains Inés Kidasharira, a women’s rights journalist. Kidasharira attributes...more
July 29, 2026, 6:33 p.m.
Countries: Burundi
Variables: MURDER-DATA-1
“Domestic violence continues to claim victims in Burundi. In Makamba, in Burunga province in the south of the small East African nation, a man is held by police after the violent death of his wife on Thursday night. Local authorities are reporting that the homicide was committed with a club, while a judicial investigation is underway to establish the exact circumstances of the tragedy" (para 1). "According to local administrative sources, Jean Bosco Miburo is currently held in the Mabanda police station, suspected of fatally beating his wife, Christine Minani, with a club. The incident occurred in the Mbizi sub-village, Mara village, Mabanda zone, in the Nyanza-Lac district. After the...more
Variables: MURDER-DATA-1
“Domestic violence continues to claim victims in Burundi. In Makamba, in Burunga province in the south of the small East African nation, a man is held by police after the violent death of his wife on Thursday night. Local authorities are reporting that the homicide was committed with a club, while a judicial investigation is underway to establish the exact circumstances of the tragedy" (para 1). "According to local administrative sources, Jean Bosco Miburo is currently held in the Mabanda police station, suspected of fatally beating his wife, Christine Minani, with a club. The incident occurred in the Mbizi sub-village, Mara village, Mabanda zone, in the Nyanza-Lac district. After the...more
July 21, 2026, 3:33 p.m.
Countries: Burundi
Variables: EWCMS-DATA-2
For the timeframe 2020 to present, no public reports, testimonies, or statistics were found on Burundian soldiers raping or sexually assaulting other Burundian or allied service members. Women serve alongside men in the Burundi National Defence Force, including in overseas missions, so there is still some potential for intra-military sexual assault. However, the available sources do not provide case numbers, assault rates, or estimates of unreported cases. Therefore, the frequency of intra-military rape or assault in Burundi remains unknown (MR-CODER COMMENT).
Variables: EWCMS-DATA-2
For the timeframe 2020 to present, no public reports, testimonies, or statistics were found on Burundian soldiers raping or sexually assaulting other Burundian or allied service members. Women serve alongside men in the Burundi National Defence Force, including in overseas missions, so there is still some potential for intra-military sexual assault. However, the available sources do not provide case numbers, assault rates, or estimates of unreported cases. Therefore, the frequency of intra-military rape or assault in Burundi remains unknown (MR-CODER COMMENT).
July 21, 2026, 3:33 p.m.
Countries: Burundi
Variables: EWCMS-DATA-3
For the timeframe 2020 to present, no public information was found on prosecutions of Burundian soldiers accused of raping or sexually assaulting fellow service members. No military court cases, conviction rates, or data on cases being dropped or dismissed were found. Although the military provides training on discipline, human rights, and gender-based violence, it does not publicly report how internal sexual assault complaints are handled. Therefore, it is not possible to determine how often these cases are prosecuted in Burundi (MR-CODER COMMENT).
Variables: EWCMS-DATA-3
For the timeframe 2020 to present, no public information was found on prosecutions of Burundian soldiers accused of raping or sexually assaulting fellow service members. No military court cases, conviction rates, or data on cases being dropped or dismissed were found. Although the military provides training on discipline, human rights, and gender-based violence, it does not publicly report how internal sexual assault complaints are handled. Therefore, it is not possible to determine how often these cases are prosecuted in Burundi (MR-CODER COMMENT).
July 21, 2026, 3:26 p.m.
Countries: Burundi
Variables: EWCMS-PRACTICE-3
"The head of the gender office for the Burundian contingent of AMISOM conducted an awareness session from February 11th to 12th, 2021, for military personnel working at the contingent's base in Jowhar Air Field. The objective was to educate participants on the concepts of gender and sex, the types of gender-based violence, their consequences, as well as the causes and contributing factors" (para 1). "During this two-day session, participants should become familiar with concepts related to gender: knowing how to distinguish between the concept of 'gender' and 'sex', understanding certain key terms including violence, sexual assault or sexual violence, gender-based violence (GBV), rape, victim or survivor, gender equality, gender equity...more
Variables: EWCMS-PRACTICE-3
"The head of the gender office for the Burundian contingent of AMISOM conducted an awareness session from February 11th to 12th, 2021, for military personnel working at the contingent's base in Jowhar Air Field. The objective was to educate participants on the concepts of gender and sex, the types of gender-based violence, their consequences, as well as the causes and contributing factors" (para 1). "During this two-day session, participants should become familiar with concepts related to gender: knowing how to distinguish between the concept of 'gender' and 'sex', understanding certain key terms including violence, sexual assault or sexual violence, gender-based violence (GBV), rape, victim or survivor, gender equality, gender equity...more
July 21, 2026, 3:07 p.m.
Countries: Burundi
Variables: EWCMS-LAW-5
"Burundi's Military Penal Code does not include a dedicated article specifically addressing rape between soldiers or sexual violence within the ranks. However, Article 3 of the Military Penal Code says that ordinary crimes committed by soldiers on duty are punished the same way as under ordinary criminal law, so rape by a soldier falls under the general Penal Code rather than a military-specific law. Under the general Penal Code, Article 385 defines rape as an act committed through violence, serious threats, deception, or by taking advantage of someone who has lost the ability to resist due to illness or another cause, and sets the penalty at 5 to 20 years...more
Variables: EWCMS-LAW-5
"Burundi's Military Penal Code does not include a dedicated article specifically addressing rape between soldiers or sexual violence within the ranks. However, Article 3 of the Military Penal Code says that ordinary crimes committed by soldiers on duty are punished the same way as under ordinary criminal law, so rape by a soldier falls under the general Penal Code rather than a military-specific law. Under the general Penal Code, Article 385 defines rape as an act committed through violence, serious threats, deception, or by taking advantage of someone who has lost the ability to resist due to illness or another cause, and sets the penalty at 5 to 20 years...more
July 21, 2026, 2:22 p.m.
Countries: Burundi
Variables: GEW-PRACTICE-1
"Several military officials who were involved in planning and carrying out the operation have been accused of serious human rights violations [among which were wartime sexual violence and kidnapping] in Burundi in the past. The Burundian government not only failed to hold them and other military officials in positions of authority accountable for human rights violations that took place under their command, but rewarded them with deployments to lucrative peacekeeping missions" (p 5). This information shows that failure to investigate or prosecute, paired with active reward of wartime sexual violence perpetrators, could operate as an element of institutional tolerance within the framework of Burundi's government behavior (MR-CODER COMMENT).more
Variables: GEW-PRACTICE-1
"Several military officials who were involved in planning and carrying out the operation have been accused of serious human rights violations [among which were wartime sexual violence and kidnapping] in Burundi in the past. The Burundian government not only failed to hold them and other military officials in positions of authority accountable for human rights violations that took place under their command, but rewarded them with deployments to lucrative peacekeeping missions" (p 5). This information shows that failure to investigate or prosecute, paired with active reward of wartime sexual violence perpetrators, could operate as an element of institutional tolerance within the framework of Burundi's government behavior (MR-CODER COMMENT).more