Countries: Cambodia
Variables: ABO-PRACTICE-1

"Despite abortion being legal in Cambodia up to 12 weeks’ gestation, there is still stigma about seeking abortion services. 'Some clients are afraid of being humiliated or embarrassed when seeking an abortion service, because they are unmarried or still studying. Some feel embarrassed after getting the service a few times,' said Sthada. 'That’s why they might try to buy pills on their own at random places or seeking unsafe abortion service secretly provided by untrained or unprofessional individual, which then becomes very life-threatening.'" (Para 8-10).

Countries: Cambodia
Variables: ABO-LAW-1

"The Royal Government of Cambodia, since the mandate of former Prime Minister Hun Sen, has strived to reduce risks caused by unsafe abortions, which contribute to high maternal mortality rates in Cambodia. This commitment was demonstrated through the approval of the Safe Abortion Law in 1997, making abortion legal in Cambodia for nearly 30 years" (Para 10-11).

Countries: Cambodia
Variables: DACH-PRACTICE-1

"Minister of Information, Neth Pheaktra, emphasised on Wednesday the vital role of media, particularly hosts and presenters, in disseminating educational messages about reproductive health, especially safe abortion and preventative measures against complications from unsafe procedures" (Para 1).

Countries: Cambodia
Variables: SEGI-PRACTICE-1

"Approximately 200 women working in the media sector attended, alongside key speakers from the Ministries of Health, Women’s Affairs, and Post and Telecommunications ... He noted that the workshop served to share a message of caution to youth regarding traditional customs, traditions, and culture that Cambodian women should uphold. It also aimed to strengthen participants’ understanding of reproductive health and family planning, promote widespread awareness of safe abortion, and understand the status and side effects of abortions" (Para 4-6).

Countries: Cambodia
Variables: LO-DATA-3

"There is still little data on how many households in land disputes are female-headed" (9).

Countries: Cambodia
Variables: LO-PRACTICE-1

"2019 research on access to credit shows that access to credit in rural areas is often limited to predatory lenders and/or microfinance institutions. These are not just a few specialized businesses, but include some of the largest banks in Cambodia. Moreover, 75% of microfinance borrowers are women , so they are disproportionately affected by trends in this industry. Lenders not only charge inappropriately high interest rates and knowingly extend loans to persons unable to pay the debt back, but they use land titles as collateral. In the event of default, the lenders will seize land whose value is many times that of the debt without paying the difference to the...more

Countries: Cambodia
Variables: LRCM-PRACTICE-1

"Of further concern is the fact that marital rape is not prosecuted or deemed as abuse. Neither nonconsensual sex nor incest is enumerated in the DV Law as a type of sexual violence. The Criminal Code Article 239, which defines rape, does not explicitly include a spouse or partner so some advocates of prosecution state that the law prohibits marital rape, but many judges, police, and prosecutors view all sex between spouses or partners to be legal regardless of consent... 2019 research by Cambodian HIV/AIDS Education and Care (CHEC) showed that only 72% of local authorities surveyed in 4 rural districts identified forced sex on an intimate partner as a...more

Countries: Cambodia
Variables: LRW-PRACTICE-2

"There are exactly 6 shelters in Cambodia as of July 2019, all run by NGOs and collectively serving the needs of an estimated 200,000 women who suffer physical and sexual violence annually" (5).

Countries: Cambodia
Variables: MARR-LAW-2

"LBT+ couples still face enormous discrimination and do not have the legal right to marry and adopt children. The Civil Code, Article 1023 explicitly forbids use of the adoption process in order to establish a same-sex or opposite sex marriage" (10).

Countries: Cambodia
Variables: MISA-PRACTICE-2

"[T]he Prey Speu center... also used to detain homeless persons, drug users, and/or those with mental disabilities. The conditions of detention are unhealthy with insufficient access to medical care and no opportunity to attend classes in literacy or vocational training" (5-6). "Women who use drugs face imprisonment, detention and/or abuse instead of effective, evidence-based harm reduction, treatment and rehabilitation services that accord with principles of human rights and public health... While the number of Cambodians seeking treatment in health centers for drug addiction is increasing, there are concerns that some are involuntarily detained in compulsory drug rehabilitation centers rather than reintegrated into communities" (9).

Countries: Cambodia
Variables: MURDER-DATA-1

"In January 2019, NGO-CEDAW and an indigenous rights organization coordinated to support legal services for one indigenous woman in Mondulkiri when the authorities failed her. Her former boyfriend (who was Khmer) had strangled her and left her for dead in a ditch when he learned she was pregnant. Without the support of her family, NGOs and a private attorney, the survivor would not have known her legal rights. Collectively they pushed the matter until the perpetrator was tried and convicted of attempted murder" (3).

Countries: Cambodia
Variables: SEGI-PRACTICE-2

"Prior to 2015, International Women’s Day marches and campaigns were commonplace in Cambodia. However, every year from 2015 through 2019, authorities have barred women’s rights CSOs and unions from conducting marches, bicycle rides, or large assemblies on Women’s Day, even when the purpose of the event was to simply raise awareness of key issues facing women. Usually the purported reason for denying the activity is that it might block traffic, despite the fact that traffic is always extremely light on national holidays and alternate routes could be created" (1-2).

Countries: Cambodia
Variables: LBHO-PRACTICE-2

"Persistent beliefs that women are less capable than men and expected to conform to traditional roles in the family impede progress in the implementation of every article of CEDAW. These attitudes are held by men and women, private and public employers, educators, health professionals, law enforcement officers, and NGO workers. This is a reason why no increase in women parliamentarians occurred in the last election, why the laws have not been amended to promote women, [and] why temporary special measures are seldom used" (3).

Countries: Cambodia
Variables: GP-DATA-3

"Policies of Neary Rattanak have not resulted in significant change in part due to the focus on short-term activities, limited in financial and geographic scope based on outside funding. For example, the target districts and target groups of women included in the newly drafted action plans are based on the activities directly funded by UN agencies and foreign governments directly funding the creation of the action plans. Without dedicated, long-term funding out of the national budget, the implementation of gender policies will remain inconsistent and will not extend to all districts of all provinces in the nation. One key challenge to measuring the success of Neary Rattanak is the lack...more

Countries: Cambodia
Variables: GP-DATA-6

"Women in the judicial system have been only 14% of judges since 2013 and are 13% of prosecutors (increased from 10% in 2013). Women face difficulty becoming judges because Cambodian judges are transferred to another province every 2-3 years, and many have families to support" (6).