Latest items for Cambodia
Oct. 12, 2023, 3:59 p.m.
Countries: Algeria, Bangladesh, Belize, Bolivia, Botswana, Burma/Myanmar, Cambodia, Cape Verde, Djibouti, Dominican Republic, East Timor, Ecuador, Egypt, Fiji, Guatemala, Guyana, Haiti, Honduras, India, Indonesia, Israel, Jordan, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Laos, Libya, Mongolia, Morocco, Nepal, Nicaragua, Oman, Panama, Papua New Guinea, Paraguay, Peru, Philippines, Saudi Arabia, South Africa, Suriname, Swaziland, Syria, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan
Variables: BR-SCALE-1
1
Variables: BR-SCALE-1
1
Sept. 29, 2023, 9:40 a.m.
Countries: Cambodia
Variables: BR-DATA-1
"18.5 births per 1000 population"
Variables: BR-DATA-1
"18.5 births per 1000 population"
July 26, 2023, 1:02 p.m.
Countries: Cambodia
Variables: IAW-LAW-1
"1161. (Succession by spouse) (1) The spouse of the decedent shall become a successor in every case. (2) If a person other than the spouse of the decedent is to become a successor under the provisions of Section I. in addition to the spouse, the spouse shall rank equally with such other person" (266). The most recent laws noted in the WomanStats Database (since 2008) relating to inheritance are still current as of 2022 and no changes have been made, as verified by consulting The Women, Business, and the Law database for 2022 (JLR-CODER COMMENT).
Variables: IAW-LAW-1
"1161. (Succession by spouse) (1) The spouse of the decedent shall become a successor in every case. (2) If a person other than the spouse of the decedent is to become a successor under the provisions of Section I. in addition to the spouse, the spouse shall rank equally with such other person" (266). The most recent laws noted in the WomanStats Database (since 2008) relating to inheritance are still current as of 2022 and no changes have been made, as verified by consulting The Women, Business, and the Law database for 2022 (JLR-CODER COMMENT).
July 26, 2023, 1:02 p.m.
Countries: Cambodia
Variables: LO-LAW-1
"(1) Husband and wife shall have equal rights to use, enjoy the benefit from and manage the common property, and each of them shall have the right to use, enjoy the benefit from and manage their own property. (2) Husband and wife shall have the right to use the common property to the extent necessary for their daily life. (3) Husband and wife shall jointly manage the common property. Either spouse may demand that the other spouse take any measures required in order to secure, maintain and preserve the common property. (4) If no agreement concerning the management or use of the common property is reached upon consultation between the...more
Variables: LO-LAW-1
"(1) Husband and wife shall have equal rights to use, enjoy the benefit from and manage the common property, and each of them shall have the right to use, enjoy the benefit from and manage their own property. (2) Husband and wife shall have the right to use the common property to the extent necessary for their daily life. (3) Husband and wife shall jointly manage the common property. Either spouse may demand that the other spouse take any measures required in order to secure, maintain and preserve the common property. (4) If no agreement concerning the management or use of the common property is reached upon consultation between the...more
July 26, 2023, 1:02 p.m.
Countries: Cambodia
Variables: IAD-LAW-1
"1156. (Successors of first rank) (1) Children of the decedent shall become successors of the first rank. (2) Children of the decedent shall have equal shares in the succession regardless of whether they are natural or adopted" (165). The most recent laws noted in the WomanStats Database (since 2008) relating to inheritance are still current as of 2022 and no changes have been made, as verified by consulting The Women, Business, and the Law database for 2022 (JLR-CODER COMMENT).
Variables: IAD-LAW-1
"1156. (Successors of first rank) (1) Children of the decedent shall become successors of the first rank. (2) Children of the decedent shall have equal shares in the succession regardless of whether they are natural or adopted" (165). The most recent laws noted in the WomanStats Database (since 2008) relating to inheritance are still current as of 2022 and no changes have been made, as verified by consulting The Women, Business, and the Law database for 2022 (JLR-CODER COMMENT).
July 26, 2023, 12:26 p.m.
Countries: Cambodia
Variables: LO-LAW-1
"Finally, it's worth mentioning that under the matrimonial property system, the article 974 concerning the management and use of property establishes that Husband and wife shall have equal rights to use, enjoy the benefit from and manage the common property, and each of them shall have the right to use, enjoy the benefit from and manage their own property" (para 2).
Variables: LO-LAW-1
"Finally, it's worth mentioning that under the matrimonial property system, the article 974 concerning the management and use of property establishes that Husband and wife shall have equal rights to use, enjoy the benefit from and manage the common property, and each of them shall have the right to use, enjoy the benefit from and manage their own property" (para 2).
July 25, 2023, 10:44 a.m.
Countries: Cambodia
Variables: ACR-PRACTICE-1
"[S]ome of the women have been released on bail on the condition that they continue the pregnancy and raise the surrogate children as their own until the children are 18 years old... [S]uch an obligation creates an additional financial and emotional burden on women who are in precarious situations, which led them to act as surrogates in the first place, and that they face discrimination and stigmatization by their families and communities for having acted as surrogates" (14).
Variables: ACR-PRACTICE-1
"[S]ome of the women have been released on bail on the condition that they continue the pregnancy and raise the surrogate children as their own until the children are 18 years old... [S]uch an obligation creates an additional financial and emotional burden on women who are in precarious situations, which led them to act as surrogates in the first place, and that they face discrimination and stigmatization by their families and communities for having acted as surrogates" (14).
July 25, 2023, 10:44 a.m.
Countries: Cambodia
Variables: WAM-PRACTICE-1
"[I]nnovative measures [are adopted], including through the media, social media and activities targeting young people, in collaboration with civil society and community leaders, to strengthen the understanding of gender equality, promote positive masculinity and increase non-stereotypical portrayals of women and men" (7). Women are still being portrayed through stereotypes (MV- coder comment).
Variables: WAM-PRACTICE-1
"[I]nnovative measures [are adopted], including through the media, social media and activities targeting young people, in collaboration with civil society and community leaders, to strengthen the understanding of gender equality, promote positive masculinity and increase non-stereotypical portrayals of women and men" (7). Women are still being portrayed through stereotypes (MV- coder comment).
July 25, 2023, 10:44 a.m.
Countries: Cambodia
Variables: CL-PRACTICE-1
"[The state does not] promot[e] the equal sharing of domestic and family responsibilities between women and men, providing sufficient and adequate childcare facilities and providing parental leave for fathers" (12). Women are expected to provide unpaid caring labor while men join the formal employment sector (MV- coder comment).
Variables: CL-PRACTICE-1
"[The state does not] promot[e] the equal sharing of domestic and family responsibilities between women and men, providing sufficient and adequate childcare facilities and providing parental leave for fathers" (12). Women are expected to provide unpaid caring labor while men join the formal employment sector (MV- coder comment).
July 25, 2023, 10:44 a.m.
Countries: Cambodia
Variables: DACH-PRACTICE-2
"[There is] limited access to sexual and reproductive health-care services and information, including access to modern contraceptives and safe abortion, particularly by unmarried women and girls" (12).
Variables: DACH-PRACTICE-2
"[There is] limited access to sexual and reproductive health-care services and information, including access to modern contraceptives and safe abortion, particularly by unmarried women and girls" (12).
July 25, 2023, 10:44 a.m.
Countries: Cambodia
Variables: GIC-LAW-3
"[A]dequate childcare facilities and providing parental leave for fathers [are not promoted]" (12).
Variables: GIC-LAW-3
"[A]dequate childcare facilities and providing parental leave for fathers [are not promoted]" (12).
July 25, 2023, 10:44 a.m.
Countries: Cambodia
Variables: CWC-DATA-4
"[T]he State party remains a source, destination and transit country for trafficking in persons, in particular women and girls, for purposes of sexual and labour exploitation" (8). "Cambodian women who migrate abroad to work in low paid sectors such as manufacturing, domestic work, hospitality and agriculture, frequently experience abuse and exploitation" (11).
Variables: CWC-DATA-4
"[T]he State party remains a source, destination and transit country for trafficking in persons, in particular women and girls, for purposes of sexual and labour exploitation" (8). "Cambodian women who migrate abroad to work in low paid sectors such as manufacturing, domestic work, hospitality and agriculture, frequently experience abuse and exploitation" (11).
July 25, 2023, 10:44 a.m.
Countries: Cambodia
Variables: ATC-DATA-6
"[There is] inadequate implementation of the principles contained in Security Council resolution 1325 (2000) on women and peace and security, including the participation of women in peacebuilding, conflict prevention and conflict resolution initiatives and the integration of gender perspectives into peacebuilding and peacekeeping missions" (4).
Variables: ATC-DATA-6
"[There is] inadequate implementation of the principles contained in Security Council resolution 1325 (2000) on women and peace and security, including the participation of women in peacebuilding, conflict prevention and conflict resolution initiatives and the integration of gender perspectives into peacebuilding and peacekeeping missions" (4).
July 25, 2023, 10:44 a.m.
Countries: Cambodia
Variables: AFE-PRACTICE-1
"The Committee commends the State party on the efforts made to increase access to education for girls and women, including by offering scholarships to girls in situations of poverty, providing accommodation in schools in rural areas and establishing centres for development to provide informal education for women who have dropped out of the formal education system… [There is an] inadequate number of secondary schools, particularly in rural areas, as well as other obstacles to girls’ enrolment in and completion of secondary and tertiary education, including migration of parents as a result of poverty, child labour, disability, domestic responsibilities, child marriage and early pregnancy" (10).
Variables: AFE-PRACTICE-1
"The Committee commends the State party on the efforts made to increase access to education for girls and women, including by offering scholarships to girls in situations of poverty, providing accommodation in schools in rural areas and establishing centres for development to provide informal education for women who have dropped out of the formal education system… [There is an] inadequate number of secondary schools, particularly in rural areas, as well as other obstacles to girls’ enrolment in and completion of secondary and tertiary education, including migration of parents as a result of poverty, child labour, disability, domestic responsibilities, child marriage and early pregnancy" (10).
July 25, 2023, 10:44 a.m.
Countries: Cambodia
Variables: MULV-DATA-1
"[There are l]imited opportunities for women to pursue their careers in the formal employment sector owing to the disproportionate burden of household and childcare responsibilities placed on them" (11).
Variables: MULV-DATA-1
"[There are l]imited opportunities for women to pursue their careers in the formal employment sector owing to the disproportionate burden of household and childcare responsibilities placed on them" (11).
July 25, 2023, 10:44 a.m.
Countries: Cambodia
Variables: NGOFW-DATA-3
"[The committee] urges the State party to recognize women as the driving force of the sustainable development of the State party and to adopt relevant policies and strategies to that effect" (2). Women are involved but not recognized. Without recognition, their social problems are rarely being considered (MV- coder comment).
Variables: NGOFW-DATA-3
"[The committee] urges the State party to recognize women as the driving force of the sustainable development of the State party and to adopt relevant policies and strategies to that effect" (2). Women are involved but not recognized. Without recognition, their social problems are rarely being considered (MV- coder comment).
July 25, 2023, 10:44 a.m.
Countries: Cambodia
Variables: LRW-DATA-1
"[T]he high prevalence of such violence, in particular domestic violence, as well as rape, including gang rape or bauk, [] is viewed as a means of male bonding" (7).
Variables: LRW-DATA-1
"[T]he high prevalence of such violence, in particular domestic violence, as well as rape, including gang rape or bauk, [] is viewed as a means of male bonding" (7).
July 25, 2023, 10:44 a.m.
Countries: Cambodia
Variables: DTCP-PRACTICE-1
"[There are r]eports of insufficient consideration given by the courts to the specific situations of women when making decisions about detention, leading to unnecessary detention of women, including pregnant women and mothers, which has a devastating impact on children, as they are left without their primary caregivers or are detained with their mothers in inadequate conditions; [r]eports that women in pretrial detention are held with women who have been convicted of crimes; [and] women and children [are being detained] in overcrowded prisons that fail to meet international standards, including access to essential health-care services, especially for pregnant women" (14).
Variables: DTCP-PRACTICE-1
"[There are r]eports of insufficient consideration given by the courts to the specific situations of women when making decisions about detention, leading to unnecessary detention of women, including pregnant women and mothers, which has a devastating impact on children, as they are left without their primary caregivers or are detained with their mothers in inadequate conditions; [r]eports that women in pretrial detention are held with women who have been convicted of crimes; [and] women and children [are being detained] in overcrowded prisons that fail to meet international standards, including access to essential health-care services, especially for pregnant women" (14).
July 25, 2023, 10:44 a.m.
Countries: Cambodia
Variables: ASR-PRACTICE-1
"[There is] inadequate gender sensitivity in technical education, vocational training and life skills programmes, which reinforces discriminatory gender stereotypes and leads to the underrepresentation of girls and women in non-traditional fields of study and career paths, such as science, technology, engineering and mathematics… [The state does not p]romote and encourage girls and women to enrol in non-traditional fields of study, such as science, technology, engineering and mathematics, including through orientation programmes and career counselling in secondary and higher education" (11).
Variables: ASR-PRACTICE-1
"[There is] inadequate gender sensitivity in technical education, vocational training and life skills programmes, which reinforces discriminatory gender stereotypes and leads to the underrepresentation of girls and women in non-traditional fields of study and career paths, such as science, technology, engineering and mathematics… [The state does not p]romote and encourage girls and women to enrol in non-traditional fields of study, such as science, technology, engineering and mathematics, including through orientation programmes and career counselling in secondary and higher education" (11).
July 25, 2023, 10:44 a.m.
Countries: Cambodia
Variables: AFE-PRACTICE-2
"[S]pecific barriers faced by girls to enrolling and remaining in school at the secondary and tertiary levels, includ[e] poverty, negative parental attitudes and preference given to the education of boys, disability, child marriage and early pregnancy" (11).
Variables: AFE-PRACTICE-2
"[S]pecific barriers faced by girls to enrolling and remaining in school at the secondary and tertiary levels, includ[e] poverty, negative parental attitudes and preference given to the education of boys, disability, child marriage and early pregnancy" (11).
July 25, 2023, 10:44 a.m.
Countries: Cambodia
Variables: GIC-LAW-1
"[There is a] National social protection policy framework for the period 2016–2025, which is aimed at building an efficient and financially sustainable social protection system, including financial support for pregnant women and children under 2 years of age who are in situations of poverty" (2). "[There is concern about a] high concentration of women in low-wage and unskilled jobs, including in the textile, garment and footwear industries and the construction sec tor, where women are employed on short-term or fixed-duration contracts, which undermines their ability to bargain collectively through trade unions and precludes them from basic labour protection and benefits, such as maternity leave and paid leave" (11).more
Variables: GIC-LAW-1
"[There is a] National social protection policy framework for the period 2016–2025, which is aimed at building an efficient and financially sustainable social protection system, including financial support for pregnant women and children under 2 years of age who are in situations of poverty" (2). "[There is concern about a] high concentration of women in low-wage and unskilled jobs, including in the textile, garment and footwear industries and the construction sec tor, where women are employed on short-term or fixed-duration contracts, which undermines their ability to bargain collectively through trade unions and precludes them from basic labour protection and benefits, such as maternity leave and paid leave" (11).more
July 25, 2023, 10:44 a.m.
Countries: Cambodia
Variables: DACH-PRACTICE-3
"[T]here are significant barriers to access by women and girls to justice and effective remedies for violations of their rights, particularly for rural women, indigenous women, women belonging to ethnic minority groups and women with disabilities. Such barriers include: Social and cultural stigma, which deter women and girls from registering their complaints, particularly with regard to domestic violence and rape; Limited access to information on the mechanisms and procedures for seeking remedies for violations of the rights of women and girls, especially in rural areas; Lack of gender sensitivity in the justice system, including negative attitudes on the part of judges, prosecutors, law enforcement officials and lawyers towards women reporting...more
Variables: DACH-PRACTICE-3
"[T]here are significant barriers to access by women and girls to justice and effective remedies for violations of their rights, particularly for rural women, indigenous women, women belonging to ethnic minority groups and women with disabilities. Such barriers include: Social and cultural stigma, which deter women and girls from registering their complaints, particularly with regard to domestic violence and rape; Limited access to information on the mechanisms and procedures for seeking remedies for violations of the rights of women and girls, especially in rural areas; Lack of gender sensitivity in the justice system, including negative attitudes on the part of judges, prosecutors, law enforcement officials and lawyers towards women reporting...more
July 25, 2023, 10:44 a.m.
Countries: Cambodia
Variables: LDS-PRACTICE-1
"[T]he State party remains a source, destination and transit country for trafficking in persons, in particular women and girls, for purposes of sexual and labour exploitation" (8). "Cambodian women who migrate abroad to work in lowpaid sectors such as manufacturing, domestic work, hospitality and agriculture, frequently experience abuse and exploitation" (11).
Variables: LDS-PRACTICE-1
"[T]he State party remains a source, destination and transit country for trafficking in persons, in particular women and girls, for purposes of sexual and labour exploitation" (8). "Cambodian women who migrate abroad to work in lowpaid sectors such as manufacturing, domestic work, hospitality and agriculture, frequently experience abuse and exploitation" (11).
July 25, 2023, 10:44 a.m.
Countries: Cambodia
Variables: DV-PRACTICE-1
"[It is recommended that Cambodia take] specific steps to strengthen the independence and impartiality of the judiciary and ensure that cases of gender-based discrimination and violence against women, including domestic violence and rape, are thoroughly investigated, perpetrators are prosecuted and adequately punished and victims are provided with remedies" (4). This indicates that perpetrators of gender-based discrimination are not always thoroughly investigated and persecuted (MV- coder comment).
Variables: DV-PRACTICE-1
"[It is recommended that Cambodia take] specific steps to strengthen the independence and impartiality of the judiciary and ensure that cases of gender-based discrimination and violence against women, including domestic violence and rape, are thoroughly investigated, perpetrators are prosecuted and adequately punished and victims are provided with remedies" (4). This indicates that perpetrators of gender-based discrimination are not always thoroughly investigated and persecuted (MV- coder comment).
July 25, 2023, 10:44 a.m.
Countries: Cambodia
Variables: ERBG-PRACTICE-3
"[W]omen continue to be underrepresented in legislative bodies, ministerial posts and local governments, as well as in the judiciary, the police force, the foreign service and academic institutions, particularly at the decision-making level. [There is also] the lack of representation of women belonging to ethnic minority groups and indigenous women in political and public life" (9).
Variables: ERBG-PRACTICE-3
"[W]omen continue to be underrepresented in legislative bodies, ministerial posts and local governments, as well as in the judiciary, the police force, the foreign service and academic institutions, particularly at the decision-making level. [There is also] the lack of representation of women belonging to ethnic minority groups and indigenous women in political and public life" (9).
July 25, 2023, 10:44 a.m.
Countries: Cambodia
Variables: DMW-PRACTICE-1
"[There is a] persistence of discriminatory stereotypes about the roles and responsibilities of women and men in the family and in society, which are deeply rooted in Cambodian culture and continue to perpetuate gender inequality by normalizing male superiority and promoting women’s passivity and compliance. It is concerned that such gender stereotypes, as reflected in the Chbab Srey and the Chbab Prohh, the traditional codes of conduct for women and men, respectively, legitimize gender-based violence against women" (7). The Cambodian culture contains patriarchal attitudes (MV- coder comment).
Variables: DMW-PRACTICE-1
"[There is a] persistence of discriminatory stereotypes about the roles and responsibilities of women and men in the family and in society, which are deeply rooted in Cambodian culture and continue to perpetuate gender inequality by normalizing male superiority and promoting women’s passivity and compliance. It is concerned that such gender stereotypes, as reflected in the Chbab Srey and the Chbab Prohh, the traditional codes of conduct for women and men, respectively, legitimize gender-based violence against women" (7). The Cambodian culture contains patriarchal attitudes (MV- coder comment).
July 25, 2023, 10:44 a.m.
Countries: Cambodia
Variables: ERBG-LAW-2
"[There is no] law that defines and effectively prohibits violence and harassment, including sexual harassment, in the workplace, which is reportedly prevalent in the State party, particularly in the garment industry and while commuting to and from work" (11). "[The state does not] guarantee in national legislation of the principle of equal pay for work of equal value" (11).
Variables: ERBG-LAW-2
"[There is no] law that defines and effectively prohibits violence and harassment, including sexual harassment, in the workplace, which is reportedly prevalent in the State party, particularly in the garment industry and while commuting to and from work" (11). "[The state does not] guarantee in national legislation of the principle of equal pay for work of equal value" (11).
July 25, 2023, 10:44 a.m.
Countries: Cambodia
Variables: LO-LAW-1
"[T]he Penal Code prohibits only certain forms of direct discrimination [against women], such as denial of access to goods, services or employment" (3).
Variables: LO-LAW-1
"[T]he Penal Code prohibits only certain forms of direct discrimination [against women], such as denial of access to goods, services or employment" (3).
July 25, 2023, 10:44 a.m.
Countries: Cambodia
Variables: TRAFF-PRACTICE-1
"[There is] lack of effective identification and referral to appropriate services for victims of trafficking; alleged misuse of anti-trafficking legislation to target individuals who are not responsible for trafficking offences; [and] lack of information on the sentencing of traffickers, as well as the alleged conclusion of sex trafficking cases with monetary settlements in lieu of criminal prosecution and adequate punishment" (8). "[The state needs to e]nsure the rehabilitation and social integration of victims, by providing them with effective protection, including shelters, assistance and remedies, and by providing financial and other forms of support to civil society organizations offering assistance to women who are victims of trafficking" (9). These services are...more
Variables: TRAFF-PRACTICE-1
"[There is] lack of effective identification and referral to appropriate services for victims of trafficking; alleged misuse of anti-trafficking legislation to target individuals who are not responsible for trafficking offences; [and] lack of information on the sentencing of traffickers, as well as the alleged conclusion of sex trafficking cases with monetary settlements in lieu of criminal prosecution and adequate punishment" (8). "[The state needs to e]nsure the rehabilitation and social integration of victims, by providing them with effective protection, including shelters, assistance and remedies, and by providing financial and other forms of support to civil society organizations offering assistance to women who are victims of trafficking" (9). These services are...more
July 25, 2023, 10:44 a.m.
Countries: Cambodia
Variables: CWC-DATA-2
"[A]ccess to justice by women [has improved] particularly in rural areas… [There is still a] lack of court cases on discrimination against women in the State party" (3). Discrimination occurs but is rarely reported (MV- coder comment). "[W]omen, in particular women living in rural areas, are excluded from participation in the formulation and implementation of policies and action plans on climate change and disaster risk reduction, even though they are disproportionately affected by the effects of climate change and disasters, as women in the State party are more likely to depend on agriculture than men" (13).
Variables: CWC-DATA-2
"[A]ccess to justice by women [has improved] particularly in rural areas… [There is still a] lack of court cases on discrimination against women in the State party" (3). Discrimination occurs but is rarely reported (MV- coder comment). "[W]omen, in particular women living in rural areas, are excluded from participation in the formulation and implementation of policies and action plans on climate change and disaster risk reduction, even though they are disproportionately affected by the effects of climate change and disasters, as women in the State party are more likely to depend on agriculture than men" (13).