Latest items for China
June 10, 2026, 11:04 p.m.
Countries: Afghanistan, Albania, Argentina, Armenia, Australia, Austria, Azerbaijan, Bahamas, Bangladesh, Barbados, Belarus, Belgium, Belize, Benin, Bhutan, Bosnia-Herzegovina, Botswana, Brazil, Brunei, Bulgaria, Burkina Faso, Burma/Myanmar, Burundi, Cambodia, Canada, Cape Verde, Central African Rep, Chad, Chile, China, Colombia, Comoros, Congo, Costa Rica, Cote D'Ivoire, Croatia, Cuba, Cyprus, Czech Republic, D R Congo, Denmark, Djibouti, East Timor, Ecuador, Egypt, El Salvador, Estonia, Ethiopia, Fiji, Finland, France, Gabon, Gambia, Georgia, Germany, Ghana, Greece, Guatemala, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Guyana, Haiti, Honduras, Hungary, Iceland, India, Indonesia, Iran, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Jamaica, Japan, Jordan, Kazakhstan, Kenya, Kosovo, Kyrgyzstan, Laos, Latvia, Lebanon, Lesotho, Liberia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Macedonia, Madagascar, Malawi, Malaysia, Maldives, Mali, Malta, Mauritania, Mauritius, Mexico, Moldova, Mongolia, Montenegro, Morocco, Mozambique, Namibia, Nepal, Netherlands, New Zealand, Nicaragua, Niger, Nigeria, North Korea, Norway, Oman, Pakistan, Panama, Papua New Guinea, Paraguay, Peru, Poland, Portugal, Qatar, Romania, Rwanda, Saudi Arabia, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Singapore, Slovakia, Slovenia, Solomon Islands, Somalia, South Africa, South Korea, South Sudan, Spain, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Suriname, Swaziland, Sweden, Switzerland, Taiwan, Tanzania, Togo, Trinidad/Tobago, Tunisia, Turkey, Turkmenistan, Uganda, Ukraine, United Arab Emirates, United Kingdom, United States, Uruguay, Uzbekistan, Vanuatu, Vietnam, Yemen, Zambia, Zimbabwe
Variables: LRW-LAW-4
Given the following documentation, there is no exoneration in the law allowing an individual accused of rape to have their criminal charges dismissed or overturned by subsequently marrying the victim. However, it should be noted that this only accounts for the legal framework and now what societal pressures may be in practice (ERD - CODER COMMENT).more
Variables: LRW-LAW-4
Given the following documentation, there is no exoneration in the law allowing an individual accused of rape to have their criminal charges dismissed or overturned by subsequently marrying the victim. However, it should be noted that this only accounts for the legal framework and now what societal pressures may be in practice (ERD - CODER COMMENT).more
June 8, 2026, 1:19 p.m.
Countries: China
Variables: SEGI-PRACTICE-1
"Rather than issue its own orders, the government might prefer to create social pressure to have children, Ms. Lu [Chinese feminist scholar and activist] said. If people fear being excluded from their communities or losing their jobs, they might be more likely to comply, she said" (para 20).
Variables: SEGI-PRACTICE-1
"Rather than issue its own orders, the government might prefer to create social pressure to have children, Ms. Lu [Chinese feminist scholar and activist] said. If people fear being excluded from their communities or losing their jobs, they might be more likely to comply, she said" (para 20).
June 8, 2026, 1:19 p.m.
Countries: China
Variables: MARR-PRACTICE-5
"...Weeks earlier, a popular supermarket chain had told its staff not to ask for betrothal gifts, to lower the cost of weddings" (para 4). This information shows the existance of the practice of paying brideprice in China (MR-CODER COMMENT). "1The chain’s [Chinese supermarket chain Pangdonglai] founder, Yu Donglai, wrote on social media in November that he would soon forbid employees to exchange 'bride prices' — payments, sometimes amounting to tens of thousands of dollars, that a man traditionally gives to his future wife’s family. Critics of the practice, including the government, have argued that it makes marriage unaffordable for many men. Employees would also not be allowed to invite more...more
Variables: MARR-PRACTICE-5
"...Weeks earlier, a popular supermarket chain had told its staff not to ask for betrothal gifts, to lower the cost of weddings" (para 4). This information shows the existance of the practice of paying brideprice in China (MR-CODER COMMENT). "1The chain’s [Chinese supermarket chain Pangdonglai] founder, Yu Donglai, wrote on social media in November that he would soon forbid employees to exchange 'bride prices' — payments, sometimes amounting to tens of thousands of dollars, that a man traditionally gives to his future wife’s family. Critics of the practice, including the government, have argued that it makes marriage unaffordable for many men. Employees would also not be allowed to invite more...more
June 8, 2026, 1:19 p.m.
Countries: China
Variables: MARR-PRACTICE-2
"...Besides the economic cost of having children, many young Chinese cite a desire for personal autonomy. They reject the traditional idea that their families should direct their lives, and they certainly aren’t inclined to let their employers have a say" (para 5). This information shows that the Chinese youth are resisting traditional expectations around marriage and family formation, citing personal autonomy and rejecting the idea that families or employers should direct their private lives. This suggests a shift in social attitudes about whether young people want or feel the need to marry (MR-CODER COMMENT).
Variables: MARR-PRACTICE-2
"...Besides the economic cost of having children, many young Chinese cite a desire for personal autonomy. They reject the traditional idea that their families should direct their lives, and they certainly aren’t inclined to let their employers have a say" (para 5). This information shows that the Chinese youth are resisting traditional expectations around marriage and family formation, citing personal autonomy and rejecting the idea that families or employers should direct their private lives. This suggests a shift in social attitudes about whether young people want or feel the need to marry (MR-CODER COMMENT).
June 8, 2026, 1:19 p.m.
Countries: China
Variables: GIC-LAW-1
"The ideal worker at the Chinese chemical manufacturer, according to the internal memo, is hardworking, virtuous and loyal. And — perhaps most important — willing to have children for the good of the country. That was the message that the company, Shandong Shuntian Chemical Group, sent to unmarried employees recently, in a notice that spread widely on social media. It instructed them to start families by Sept. 30, or else. 'If you cannot get married and start a family within three quarters, the company will terminate your labor contract,' the memo said" (para 1-3). This information, though not specifically mentioning women, shows a pro-natalist social and workplace environment in China...more
Variables: GIC-LAW-1
"The ideal worker at the Chinese chemical manufacturer, according to the internal memo, is hardworking, virtuous and loyal. And — perhaps most important — willing to have children for the good of the country. That was the message that the company, Shandong Shuntian Chemical Group, sent to unmarried employees recently, in a notice that spread widely on social media. It instructed them to start families by Sept. 30, or else. 'If you cannot get married and start a family within three quarters, the company will terminate your labor contract,' the memo said" (para 1-3). This information, though not specifically mentioning women, shows a pro-natalist social and workplace environment in China...more
June 8, 2026, 1:19 p.m.
Countries: China
Variables: ERBG-PRACTICE-1
"The ideal worker at the Chinese chemical manufacturer, according to the internal memo, is hardworking, virtuous and loyal. And — perhaps most important — willing to have children for the good of the country. That was the message that the company, Shandong Shuntian Chemical Group, sent to unmarried employees recently, in a notice that spread widely on social media. It instructed them to start families by Sept. 30, or else. 'If you cannot get married and start a family within three quarters, the company will terminate your labor contract,' the memo said" (para 1-3). This information, though not specifically mentioning women, does target Chinese women and puts them under pressure...more
Variables: ERBG-PRACTICE-1
"The ideal worker at the Chinese chemical manufacturer, according to the internal memo, is hardworking, virtuous and loyal. And — perhaps most important — willing to have children for the good of the country. That was the message that the company, Shandong Shuntian Chemical Group, sent to unmarried employees recently, in a notice that spread widely on social media. It instructed them to start families by Sept. 30, or else. 'If you cannot get married and start a family within three quarters, the company will terminate your labor contract,' the memo said" (para 1-3). This information, though not specifically mentioning women, does target Chinese women and puts them under pressure...more
March 9, 2026, 4:17 p.m.
Countries: China
Variables: LO-DATA-3
"It is unclear how many women [who marry outside their village in rural China] have been denied land rights because of marriage, but the number has grown as the population has become more mobile, with people marrying across provinces, not just villages. Government-backed surveys indicate that as many as 80 percent of rural women — hundreds of millions of people — are not listed on their villages’ land documents. That makes it hard for them to defend their claims if disputes arise, such as if they marry outsiders" (para 17).
Variables: LO-DATA-3
"It is unclear how many women [who marry outside their village in rural China] have been denied land rights because of marriage, but the number has grown as the population has become more mobile, with people marrying across provinces, not just villages. Government-backed surveys indicate that as many as 80 percent of rural women — hundreds of millions of people — are not listed on their villages’ land documents. That makes it hard for them to defend their claims if disputes arise, such as if they marry outsiders" (para 17).
March 9, 2026, 4:17 p.m.
Countries: China
Variables: ATDW-PRACTICE-1
"Her [Ms.Ma, a Chinese woman who married outside her village in rural China] village had started distributing payouts several decades ago, after contracting its teeming fish ponds to a private company. But Ms. Ma was cut off in 1997, after she married an outsider. Even when she divorced and moved back home several years later, the village continued to refuse her" (para 27).
Variables: ATDW-PRACTICE-1
"Her [Ms.Ma, a Chinese woman who married outside her village in rural China] village had started distributing payouts several decades ago, after contracting its teeming fish ponds to a private company. But Ms. Ma was cut off in 1997, after she married an outsider. Even when she divorced and moved back home several years later, the village continued to refuse her" (para 27).
March 9, 2026, 4:17 p.m.
Countries: China
Variables: DACH-PRACTICE-1
" That [a woman marrying outside of her village in rural China] means the village assembly — a decision-making body technically open to all adults, but usually dominated by men — can deny her village-sponsored benefits such as health insurance, as well as money that is awarded to residents when the government takes over their land. (A man remains eligible no matter whom he marries)" (para 6). ".. A woman [wo married outside her village in rural China] in her 20s, surnamed Huo, sued her village as soon as she learned that it had cut her off in 2020. (She found out when, after delivering her first child, the hospital...more
Variables: DACH-PRACTICE-1
" That [a woman marrying outside of her village in rural China] means the village assembly — a decision-making body technically open to all adults, but usually dominated by men — can deny her village-sponsored benefits such as health insurance, as well as money that is awarded to residents when the government takes over their land. (A man remains eligible no matter whom he marries)" (para 6). ".. A woman [wo married outside her village in rural China] in her 20s, surnamed Huo, sued her village as soon as she learned that it had cut her off in 2020. (She found out when, after delivering her first child, the hospital...more
March 9, 2026, 4:17 p.m.
Countries: China
Variables: DTCP-LAW-1
The following information indicates that village-level customary governance bodies are permitted to determine legal membership and land entitlements and apply these rules in a manner that treats women differently from men, denying women equal rights to property and benefits upon marriage outside the village (MR-CODER COMMENT). "On paper, the women’s legal chances look good. Scholarly analyses have found that many court rulings in these cases favor married-out women. But those are the cases that make it to court, not those that judges throw out or officials force into out-of-court mediation. And villages often refuse to recognize rulings against them — as was the case for several of the Guangdong women"...more
Variables: DTCP-LAW-1
The following information indicates that village-level customary governance bodies are permitted to determine legal membership and land entitlements and apply these rules in a manner that treats women differently from men, denying women equal rights to property and benefits upon marriage outside the village (MR-CODER COMMENT). "On paper, the women’s legal chances look good. Scholarly analyses have found that many court rulings in these cases favor married-out women. But those are the cases that make it to court, not those that judges throw out or officials force into out-of-court mediation. And villages often refuse to recognize rulings against them — as was the case for several of the Guangdong women"...more
March 9, 2026, 4:17 p.m.
Countries: China
Variables: DTCP-PRACTICE-1
The following information indicates that local authorities systematically dismiss or minimize rural Chinese women’s complaints regarding the loss of land and village benefits following marriage outside their village, even though these entitlements were originally granted to them at birth (MR-CODER COMMENT). "They [Chinese women in rural areas fighting for their rights to land ownership] are also exposing a gap between the ruling Communist Party’s words and its actions. Many courts, which are controlled by the party, refuse to take on the women’s lawsuits. Even when women win favorable rulings, local officials have refused to implement them, fearing social unrest. Women have been harassed, beaten or detained for pursuing their rights...more
Variables: DTCP-PRACTICE-1
The following information indicates that local authorities systematically dismiss or minimize rural Chinese women’s complaints regarding the loss of land and village benefits following marriage outside their village, even though these entitlements were originally granted to them at birth (MR-CODER COMMENT). "They [Chinese women in rural areas fighting for their rights to land ownership] are also exposing a gap between the ruling Communist Party’s words and its actions. Many courts, which are controlled by the party, refuse to take on the women’s lawsuits. Even when women win favorable rulings, local officials have refused to implement them, fearing social unrest. Women have been harassed, beaten or detained for pursuing their rights...more
March 9, 2026, 4:17 p.m.
Countries: China
Variables: ERBG-PRACTICE-4
"Women [who have married outside their village in rural China] who cannot prove their land rights also have a harder time investing or securing loans to start businesses, scholars have noted" (para 23).
Variables: ERBG-PRACTICE-4
"Women [who have married outside their village in rural China] who cannot prove their land rights also have a harder time investing or securing loans to start businesses, scholars have noted" (para 23).
March 9, 2026, 4:17 p.m.
Countries: China
Variables: LO-LAW-1
"As China embraced market reforms starting in the 1980s, the government began taking over rural land for factories, railways and shopping centers. In exchange, villagers received compensation, often in the form of new apartments or certificates entitling them to dividends from the land’s future use. The government mandated that female village members be given equal compensation. But it left the definition of 'members' to the male-led village assemblies. And to many of those assemblies, one group didn’t qualify: married-out women" (para 15-16). "The law itself has loopholes. A top legal body last fall urged prosecutors to protect the rights of women who marry outside their villages, in line with constitutional...more
Variables: LO-LAW-1
"As China embraced market reforms starting in the 1980s, the government began taking over rural land for factories, railways and shopping centers. In exchange, villagers received compensation, often in the form of new apartments or certificates entitling them to dividends from the land’s future use. The government mandated that female village members be given equal compensation. But it left the definition of 'members' to the male-led village assemblies. And to many of those assemblies, one group didn’t qualify: married-out women" (para 15-16). "The law itself has loopholes. A top legal body last fall urged prosecutors to protect the rights of women who marry outside their villages, in line with constitutional...more
March 9, 2026, 4:17 p.m.
Countries: China
Variables: MARR-PRACTICE-6
"That was the question [why Chinese women in rural China lose government payouts that were rightfully theirs at birth because of marrying an outsider] uniting these women in Guangdong Province, in southern China. They were joining a growing number of rural women, all across the country, who are finding each other to confront a longstanding custom of denying them land rights — all because of whom they had married" (para 4). "In much of rural China, if a woman marries someone from outside her village, she becomes a 'married-out woman.' To the village, she is no longer a member, even if she continues to live there. That means the village...more
Variables: MARR-PRACTICE-6
"That was the question [why Chinese women in rural China lose government payouts that were rightfully theirs at birth because of marrying an outsider] uniting these women in Guangdong Province, in southern China. They were joining a growing number of rural women, all across the country, who are finding each other to confront a longstanding custom of denying them land rights — all because of whom they had married" (para 4). "In much of rural China, if a woman marries someone from outside her village, she becomes a 'married-out woman.' To the village, she is no longer a member, even if she continues to live there. That means the village...more
March 9, 2026, 4:17 p.m.
Countries: China
Variables: LO-PRACTICE-1
"That was the question [why Chinese women lose government payouts that were rightfully theirs since birth because of marrying outside their village] uniting these women in Guangdong Province, in southern China. They were joining a growing number of rural women, all across the country, who are finding each other to confront a longstanding custom of denying them land rights — all because of whom they had married" (para 4). "In much of rural China, if a woman marries someone from outside her village, she becomes a 'married-out woman.' To the village, she is no longer a member, even if she continues to live there. That means the village assembly —...more
Variables: LO-PRACTICE-1
"That was the question [why Chinese women lose government payouts that were rightfully theirs since birth because of marrying outside their village] uniting these women in Guangdong Province, in southern China. They were joining a growing number of rural women, all across the country, who are finding each other to confront a longstanding custom of denying them land rights — all because of whom they had married" (para 4). "In much of rural China, if a woman marries someone from outside her village, she becomes a 'married-out woman.' To the village, she is no longer a member, even if she continues to live there. That means the village assembly —...more
March 9, 2026, 4:17 p.m.
Countries: China
Variables: MARR-PRACTICE-7
"Ms. Li’s and Ms. Huo’s [married-out women living in rural China fighting for their rights on land ownership] stories also reflect the greater say that younger women have over where they should live. Traditionally, women moved to their husbands’ homes; older generations of married-out women returned to their villages only after divorcing or becoming widowed. Younger ones have embraced bringing their husbands to their own villages, in part to assert their independence" (para 36).
Variables: MARR-PRACTICE-7
"Ms. Li’s and Ms. Huo’s [married-out women living in rural China fighting for their rights on land ownership] stories also reflect the greater say that younger women have over where they should live. Traditionally, women moved to their husbands’ homes; older generations of married-out women returned to their villages only after divorcing or becoming widowed. Younger ones have embraced bringing their husbands to their own villages, in part to assert their independence" (para 36).
March 9, 2026, 4:17 p.m.
Countries: China
Variables: NGOFW-PRACTICE-1
"For decades, women in this situation [being married to someone outside of their village in rural China] had little recourse. Some accepted their deprivation as normal. But there are signs of a quiet resistance unfolding as women have become more educated and found more ways to connect with one another. The number of court rulings involving the words 'married-out women' jumped to nearly 5,000 five years ago from 450 in 2013, according to official data" (para 18). This information shows the grass-roots levels of organizations formed by women in rural China to address women's issues in the region (MR-CODER COMMENT). "She [Ms. Ma, a married-out woman in rural China] bought...more
Variables: NGOFW-PRACTICE-1
"For decades, women in this situation [being married to someone outside of their village in rural China] had little recourse. Some accepted their deprivation as normal. But there are signs of a quiet resistance unfolding as women have become more educated and found more ways to connect with one another. The number of court rulings involving the words 'married-out women' jumped to nearly 5,000 five years ago from 450 in 2013, according to official data" (para 18). This information shows the grass-roots levels of organizations formed by women in rural China to address women's issues in the region (MR-CODER COMMENT). "She [Ms. Ma, a married-out woman in rural China] bought...more
March 9, 2026, 4:17 p.m.
Countries: China
Variables: RISW-PRACTICE-1
"For decades, women in this situation [of being married to someone outside of their village in rural China, therefore losing land rights and benefits] had little recourse. Some accepted their deprivation as normal. But there are signs of a quiet resistance unfolding as women have become more educated and found more ways to connect with one another. The number of court rulings involving the words “married-out women” jumped to nearly 5,000 five years ago from 450 in 2013, according to official data" (para 18). This information shows that the rise in women's awareness of their rights, along with education and the courage to speak up, has enabled them to boldly...more
Variables: RISW-PRACTICE-1
"For decades, women in this situation [of being married to someone outside of their village in rural China, therefore losing land rights and benefits] had little recourse. Some accepted their deprivation as normal. But there are signs of a quiet resistance unfolding as women have become more educated and found more ways to connect with one another. The number of court rulings involving the words “married-out women” jumped to nearly 5,000 five years ago from 450 in 2013, according to official data" (para 18). This information shows that the rise in women's awareness of their rights, along with education and the courage to speak up, has enabled them to boldly...more
March 9, 2026, 4:17 p.m.
Countries: China
Variables: SEGI-PRACTICE-1
"That was the question [why Chinese women in rural China lose government payouts that were rightfully theirs at birth because of marrying an outsider] uniting these women in Guangdong Province, in southern China. They were joining a growing number of rural women, all across the country, who are finding each other to confront a longstanding custom of denying them land rights — all because of whom they had married" (para 4). "Now, women [Chinese women who have lost rights to land ownership and other benefits because of marrying someone outside their village in rural China] are fighting back, in a rare bright spot for women’s rights and civil society. They...more
Variables: SEGI-PRACTICE-1
"That was the question [why Chinese women in rural China lose government payouts that were rightfully theirs at birth because of marrying an outsider] uniting these women in Guangdong Province, in southern China. They were joining a growing number of rural women, all across the country, who are finding each other to confront a longstanding custom of denying them land rights — all because of whom they had married" (para 4). "Now, women [Chinese women who have lost rights to land ownership and other benefits because of marrying someone outside their village in rural China] are fighting back, in a rare bright spot for women’s rights and civil society. They...more
March 9, 2026, 4:17 p.m.
Countries: China
Variables: SEGI-PRACTICE-3
"They [Chinese women in rural areas fighting to get their rights to land ownership back, which they lost due to marrying outside their village in rural China] are also exposing a gap between the ruling Communist Party’s words and its actions. Many courts, which are controlled by the party, refuse to take on the women’s lawsuits. Even when women win favorable rulings, local officials have refused to implement them, fearing social unrest. Women have been harassed, beaten or detained for pursuing their rights in these cases" (para 9).
Variables: SEGI-PRACTICE-3
"They [Chinese women in rural areas fighting to get their rights to land ownership back, which they lost due to marrying outside their village in rural China] are also exposing a gap between the ruling Communist Party’s words and its actions. Many courts, which are controlled by the party, refuse to take on the women’s lawsuits. Even when women win favorable rulings, local officials have refused to implement them, fearing social unrest. Women have been harassed, beaten or detained for pursuing their rights in these cases" (para 9).
March 9, 2026, 2:58 p.m.
Countries: China
Variables: ACR-DATA-1
"...Maricris [Filipino woman], who I [the reporter] met in Manila in 2022, grew up the child of street vendors, and in 2018 answered a Facebook advertisement for domestic workers in Vietnam. She had no passport, but she and the other women recruited were instructed to queue at a particular booth when they went through border control at Manila airport. They were waved through. On arrival in Hanoi, she was told that there was no domestic job. Instead, the women were taken by armed guards across the Chinese border to a hotel in Guangzhou. The hotel was filled with Filipino and Vietnamese women, and it was there Maricris discovered she was...more
Variables: ACR-DATA-1
"...Maricris [Filipino woman], who I [the reporter] met in Manila in 2022, grew up the child of street vendors, and in 2018 answered a Facebook advertisement for domestic workers in Vietnam. She had no passport, but she and the other women recruited were instructed to queue at a particular booth when they went through border control at Manila airport. They were waved through. On arrival in Hanoi, she was told that there was no domestic job. Instead, the women were taken by armed guards across the Chinese border to a hotel in Guangzhou. The hotel was filled with Filipino and Vietnamese women, and it was there Maricris discovered she was...more
March 9, 2026, 2:58 p.m.
Countries: China
Variables: TRAFF-PRACTICE-2
"Maricris [Philipina domestic worker], who I [the reporter] met in Manila in 2022, grew up the child of street vendors, and in 2018 answered a Facebook advertisement for domestic workers in Vietnam. She had no passport, but she and the other women recruited were instructed to queue at a particular booth when they went through border control at Manila airport. They were waved through. On arrival in Hanoi, she was told that there was no domestic job. Instead, the women were taken by armed guards across the Chinese border to a hotel in Guangzhou. The hotel was filled with Filipino and Vietnamese women, and it was there Maricris discovered she...more
Variables: TRAFF-PRACTICE-2
"Maricris [Philipina domestic worker], who I [the reporter] met in Manila in 2022, grew up the child of street vendors, and in 2018 answered a Facebook advertisement for domestic workers in Vietnam. She had no passport, but she and the other women recruited were instructed to queue at a particular booth when they went through border control at Manila airport. They were waved through. On arrival in Hanoi, she was told that there was no domestic job. Instead, the women were taken by armed guards across the Chinese border to a hotel in Guangzhou. The hotel was filled with Filipino and Vietnamese women, and it was there Maricris discovered she...more
Feb. 25, 2026, 10:57 a.m.
Countries: Afghanistan, Argentina, Belgium, Brunei, China, France
Variables: LRCM-LAW-3
"Internationally, incest laws vary greatly, with some countries like Italy having conditional legality and others like Afghanistan imposing extreme penalties, including death."(para 3)."On the other extreme, incest is punishable by death in Afghanistan, Brunei, Iran, Nigeria, Saudi Arabia, Somalia, the United Arab Emirates, and Sudan (if same-sex relations)."(para 6)."Twenty-two countries around the world have not criminalized incest. Portuguese law, for example, does not criminalize incest. Additionally, no laws prohibit consenting relatives from having sexual relations in France, Belgium, and Luxembourg. Incest is also legal in Argentina, Brazil, India, the Ivory Coast, Japan, Latvia, South Korea, Thailand, and Turkey."(para 7)."In the following countries, incest is legal: Belgium, China, France, Japan, Latvia,...more
Variables: LRCM-LAW-3
"Internationally, incest laws vary greatly, with some countries like Italy having conditional legality and others like Afghanistan imposing extreme penalties, including death."(para 3)."On the other extreme, incest is punishable by death in Afghanistan, Brunei, Iran, Nigeria, Saudi Arabia, Somalia, the United Arab Emirates, and Sudan (if same-sex relations)."(para 6)."Twenty-two countries around the world have not criminalized incest. Portuguese law, for example, does not criminalize incest. Additionally, no laws prohibit consenting relatives from having sexual relations in France, Belgium, and Luxembourg. Incest is also legal in Argentina, Brazil, India, the Ivory Coast, Japan, Latvia, South Korea, Thailand, and Turkey."(para 7)."In the following countries, incest is legal: Belgium, China, France, Japan, Latvia,...more
Feb. 12, 2026, 3:52 a.m.
Countries: Albania, Australia, Austria, Belarus, Belgium, Belize, Benin, Bhutan, Brazil, Burkina Faso, Burma/Myanmar, Canada, Cape Verde, Chile, China, Cote D'Ivoire, Ecuador, Estonia, France, Ghana, Greece, Guatemala, Honduras, Iceland, Iraq, Ireland, Jamaica, Kyrgyzstan, Mexico, Mozambique, Netherlands, Nicaragua, Niger, Norway, Pakistan, Paraguay, Peru, Qatar, Russia, Senegal, South Africa, Spain, Sri Lanka, Sweden, Taiwan, Togo, Tunisia, Ukraine, Uruguay, Venezuela, Vietnam
Variables: DV-SCALE-1
2
Variables: DV-SCALE-1
2
Jan. 29, 2026, 9:44 p.m.
Countries: Albania, Armenia, Bahamas, Belarus, Belize, Bhutan, Bolivia, Bosnia-Herzegovina, Brazil, Bulgaria, Cambodia, Canada, Cape Verde, China, Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba, Cyprus, Dominican Republic, East Timor, Ecuador, El Salvador, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Fiji, Finland, France, Greece, Guyana, Honduras, Italy, Jamaica, Japan, Kazakhstan, Laos, Lithuania, Macedonia, Malta, Mauritius, Moldova, Mongolia, Montenegro, Netherlands, Nicaragua, Panama, Peru, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, South Korea, Spain, Thailand, Turkey, United Kingdom, United States, Uruguay, Venezuela, Vietnam
Variables: LO-SCALE-3
1
Variables: LO-SCALE-3
1
Jan. 29, 2026, 9:43 p.m.
Countries: Albania, Armenia, Australia, Austria, Azerbaijan, Bahamas, Barbados, Belarus, Belgium, Belize, Benin, Bhutan, Bolivia, Bosnia-Herzegovina, Brazil, Bulgaria, Burkina Faso, Cambodia, Canada, Cape Verde, China, Colombia, Costa Rica, Croatia, Cuba, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Dominican Republic, East Timor, Ecuador, El Salvador, Eritrea, Estonia, Ethiopia, Fiji, Finland, France, Gabon, Germany, Greece, Guyana, Honduras, Hungary, Iceland, India, Ireland, Italy, Jamaica, Japan, Kazakhstan, Kosovo, Kyrgyzstan, Laos, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Macedonia, Malta, Mauritius, Mexico, Moldova, Mongolia, Montenegro, Namibia, Netherlands, New Zealand, Nicaragua, Nigeria, Norway, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, South Africa, South Korea, Spain, Suriname, Sweden, Switzerland, Tajikistan, Thailand, Trinidad/Tobago, Turkey, Turkmenistan, Ukraine, United Kingdom, United States, Uruguay, Uzbekistan, Venezuela, Vietnam, Zimbabwe
Variables: LO-SCALE-2
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Variables: LO-SCALE-2
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Jan. 29, 2026, 9:38 p.m.
Countries: Albania, Algeria, Argentina, Armenia, Bahamas, Bahrain, Bangladesh, Belarus, Belize, Bhutan, Bolivia, Bosnia-Herzegovina, Brazil, Brunei, Bulgaria, Burma/Myanmar, Cambodia, Canada, Cape Verde, China, Colombia, Congo, Costa Rica, Cuba, Cyprus, Djibouti, Dominican Republic, East Timor, Ecuador, El Salvador, Equatorial Guinea, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Fiji, Finland, France, Greece, Guyana, Haiti, Honduras, Indonesia, Iran, Iraq, Israel, Italy, Jamaica, Japan, Kazakhstan, Kuwait, Laos, Libya, Lithuania, Macedonia, Malaysia, Maldives, Malta, Mauritania, Mauritius, Moldova, Mongolia, Montenegro, Morocco, Netherlands, Nicaragua, North Korea, Oman, Pakistan, Panama, Papua New Guinea, Peru, Philippines, Qatar, Romania, Russia, Rwanda, Singapore, Slovakia, Slovenia, Somalia, South Korea, Spain, Taiwan, Tanzania, Thailand, Togo, Turkey, United Arab Emirates, United Kingdom, United States, Uruguay, Venezuela, Vietnam, Yemen
Variables: LO-SCALE-1
1
Variables: LO-SCALE-1
1
Jan. 20, 2026, 1:13 a.m.
Countries: Afghanistan, China, Congo, Dominican Republic, El Salvador, Gabon, Haiti, Honduras, Madagascar, Nicaragua, North Korea, Palestine, Philippines, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Suriname
Variables: ABO-SCALE-1
4
Variables: ABO-SCALE-1
4
Jan. 17, 2026, 3:20 p.m.
Countries: China
Variables: ACR-PRACTICE-1
"[I]t’s the infertile couples that Ashley [an American surrogate] works with in China, where surrogacy is illegal, but who know to take advantage of the lax laws and friendly agencies in states like Idaho and California" (para 17). Surrogacy is illegal in China, but couples continue to purchase surrogates in other countries (LEN - CODER COMMENT).
Variables: ACR-PRACTICE-1
"[I]t’s the infertile couples that Ashley [an American surrogate] works with in China, where surrogacy is illegal, but who know to take advantage of the lax laws and friendly agencies in states like Idaho and California" (para 17). Surrogacy is illegal in China, but couples continue to purchase surrogates in other countries (LEN - CODER COMMENT).
Dec. 28, 2025, 9:06 a.m.
Countries: China
Variables: LRW-DATA-1
The chart in the UNODC Data Portal titled, "Violent Crime & Sexual Violence," shows that the rate of reported rapes in the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region in China in 2023 was 0.90 per 100,000 population, and the rate of reported sexual assaults was 15.61 per 100,000. The chart also displays that the rate of reported rapes in the Macao Special Administrative Region in China in 2022 was 2.98 per 100,000 population and the rate of reported sexual assaults was 17.32.
Variables: LRW-DATA-1
The chart in the UNODC Data Portal titled, "Violent Crime & Sexual Violence," shows that the rate of reported rapes in the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region in China in 2023 was 0.90 per 100,000 population, and the rate of reported sexual assaults was 15.61 per 100,000. The chart also displays that the rate of reported rapes in the Macao Special Administrative Region in China in 2022 was 2.98 per 100,000 population and the rate of reported sexual assaults was 17.32.