Countries: Costa Rica, El Salvador, Mexico, Panama
Variables: ERBG-DATA-6

"Case studies from Costa Rica, El Salvador, Mexico (Chihuahua) and Panama show that, on average, 22.3 per cent of business owners in Costa Rica are women, 29 per cent in El Salvador, 15.3 per cent in Chihuahua, Mexico, and 22.4 per cent in Panama" (Para. 2).

Countries: Albania, Armenia, Australia, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Belgium, Belize, Bhutan, Bolivia, Bosnia-Herzegovina, Brazil, Burundi, Cambodia, Cameroon, Canada, China, Colombia, Comoros, Costa Rica, Croatia, Cuba, Cyprus, D R Congo, Denmark, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Equatorial Guinea, Estonia, Fiji, Gabon, Gambia, Georgia, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Guyana, Haiti, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Jamaica, Japan, Kazakhstan, Kosovo, Kyrgyzstan, Laos, Latvia, Lithuania, Macedonia, Madagascar, Mali, Malta, Mexico, Moldova, Mongolia, Montenegro, Nepal, Netherlands, New Zealand, Nicaragua, Norway, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, Philippines, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Russia, Senegal, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Solomon Islands, Somalia, South Korea, Spain, Suriname, Sweden, Switzerland, Taiwan, Tajikistan, Thailand, Trinidad/Tobago, Tunisia, Turkey, Turkmenistan, Ukraine, United Kingdom, United States, Uruguay, Uzbekistan, Vanuatu, Venezuela, Vietnam
Variables: CONST-SCALE-1

0.0

Countries: Angola, Armenia, Austria, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Belgium, Belize, Benin, Bolivia, Bosnia-Herzegovina, Botswana, Bulgaria, Burkina Faso, Cambodia, Cameroon, Canada, Cape Verde, Central African Rep, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Cote D'Ivoire, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Dominican Republic, East Timor, Ecuador, Equatorial Guinea, Finland, France, Gabon, Georgia, Germany, Ghana, Greece, Guatemala, Guinea-Bissau, Hungary, Iceland, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Macedonia, Mali, Mexico, Mongolia, Montenegro, Nepal, New Zealand, Nicaragua, Norway, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Russia, Senegal, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Solomon Islands, Sri Lanka, Sweden, Tajikistan, Tanzania, Tunisia, Turkmenistan, Ukraine, Uruguay, Vanuatu
Variables: ATC-SCALE-1

0.0

Countries: Costa Rica
Variables: ATC-DATA-6

"At the national level, the National Policy for Effective Equality between Women and Men 2018-2030 (PIEG) defined axes, objectives and expected results to the year 2030 as a state commitment to women’s human rights and progress towards effective equality between men and women, betting on the reduction of gender gaps. The Policy proposes 4 axes, where axis 3 refers to the strengthening of women’s economic autonomy through inclusive quality employment and the use, access and control of income, where the issue of the pay gap comes into play" (Para. 2). "Specifically, we have several institutional programs as well as proposals for changes in national legislation to address this issue. Among...more

Countries: Costa Rica
Variables: IAW-PRACTICE-1, IAD-PRACTICE-1

"The largest number of indigenous women managing farms can be found among the Bribri and Cabécar peoples. Map 1 shows that the indigenous territories with the largest number of indigenous women involved in agriculture are Chirripó, with 326 women, and Cabécar and Talamanca Bribri with 275 women. Other territories of the Cabécar group are also worthy of mention, such as Tayní, with 92 women, and Talamanca Cabécar, with 50 indigenous women producers. The Cabagra territory of the Bribri group also stands out, with 44 women. These groups operate under a matrilineal system, in which the successors of land are women. Women also pass on their ancestral lines to their sons...more

Countries: Costa Rica
Variables: MURDER-LAW-1

"RIO DE JANEIRO, BRAZIL – The president of Costa Rica, Carlos Alvarado, signed this Monday (23) a law that extends the punishment for the crime of femicide with up to 35 years in prison against men who take advantage of their bond of friendship or trust to murder a woman. Authorities indicated that this law settles a historical debt with women since it does justice with the victim’s families and faces impunity. Previously, if there was no relationship with the victim, it was not typified as femicide and the prison sentence was lower" (para 1,2). “'The signing of this law expands and strengthens the legal tools to punish the different...more

Countries: Barbados, Brazil, Costa Rica, Nicaragua, Paraguay, Peru
Variables: DACH-DATA-2

"In most countries, SARCs (Short Acting Reversible Contraception) were the most frequent type of contraceptive used by women. 40% or more of women were using SARCs in Argentina, Barbados, Brazil, Costa Rica, Nicaragua, Paraguay, Peru, and St Lucia" (para 21).

Countries: Costa Rica
Variables: CRPLB-PRACTICE-1

"Refugees and asylum seekers reported that access to health services was difficult. They qualified for public health services only if they were minors, pregnant, or facing a life-threatening emergency, but some individuals reported being denied services even in emergency situations" (7).

Countries: Costa Rica
Variables: ERBG-PRACTICE-1

"...The labor code prohibits discrimination based on age, ethnicity, gender, religion, race, sexual orientation, civil status, political opinion, nationality, social status, affiliation, disability, labor union membership, or economic situation. The government effectively enforced these laws and regulations, and penalties were sufficient to deter violations. The Labor Ministry reported seven cases of discrimination from January to June. The ministry continued to implement a gender-equality perspective into labor inspections to identify areas of vulnerability" (18).

Countries: Costa Rica
Variables: VOTE-LAW-1

"The constitution and laws provide citizens the ability to choose their government in free and fair periodic elections held by secret ballot and based on universal and equal suffrage" (8).

Countries: Costa Rica
Variables: ERBG-LAW-2

"The law prohibits sexual harassment in the workplace and educational institutions, and the Ministry of Labor and Social Security generally enforced this prohibition. The law imposes penalties ranging from a letter of reprimand to dismissal, with more serious incidents subject to criminal prosecution" (10). "The law requires that women and men receive equal pay for equal work. The government enforced the laws effectively, although an official study reported a pay gap of 13 percent for highly skilled jobs. Assembly approved an amendment to the women's equality law to establish pay equality between men and women in both the public and private sectors and to create an interagency commission for pay...more

Countries: Costa Rica
Variables: CLCC-LAW-1

"Citizenship is obtained from birth within the country’s territory or can be derived if either parent is Costa Rican..." (11).

Countries: Costa Rica
Variables: TRAFF-PRACTICE-2

"...The country was a destination for child sex tourism" (11). "...Forced child labor reportedly occurred in some service sectors, such as construction, fishing, street vending, and domestic service, and some children were subject to commercial sexual exploitation" (17).

Countries: Costa Rica
Variables: DV-DATA-1

"Violence against women remained a serious problem, and as of August the government reported that nine women had been killed by a partner or spouse. The killing of a woman by her spouse garnered significant public attention, as the perpetrator stabbed the woman multiple times during a domestic dispute while two of her three children (ages five and 11) were present in the home. Authorities arrested the perpetrator. The government launched a public campaign in response to concern about gender-based violence" (10). "The autonomous National Institute for Children (PANI) reported violence against children and adolescents continued to be a concern, but there was no marked increase in the number of...more

Countries: Costa Rica
Variables: LRW-LAW-1, LRW-LAW-2

"The law criminalizes rape of men or women, including spousal rape and domestic violence, and provides penalties from 10 to 18 years in prison for rape. The judicial branch generally enforced the law effectively" (10). "The minimum age of consensual sex is 18 years...The law provides for sentences of two to 10 years in prison for statutory rape..." (11).