Latest items for Egypt
Aug. 20, 2026, 1:56 p.m.
Countries: Egypt
Variables: PW-PRACTICE-3
“(iv) Polygamy: According to amendments to Laws No. 25/1920 and 25/1929 in 1979, a husband can marry a second wife only with the consent of the first wife. If that was not the case, this could be considered as harming the first wife and automatic divorce could be granted. This sparked debate since it was seen as a restriction on polygamy. After several contests of this law being unconstitutional, in 1985, the court declared this law as being unconstitutional. There were several laws adopted to regulate the matter until the 2000 Law that provides that a woman just needs to prove that she can no longer live with her husband...more
Variables: PW-PRACTICE-3
“(iv) Polygamy: According to amendments to Laws No. 25/1920 and 25/1929 in 1979, a husband can marry a second wife only with the consent of the first wife. If that was not the case, this could be considered as harming the first wife and automatic divorce could be granted. This sparked debate since it was seen as a restriction on polygamy. After several contests of this law being unconstitutional, in 1985, the court declared this law as being unconstitutional. There were several laws adopted to regulate the matter until the 2000 Law that provides that a woman just needs to prove that she can no longer live with her husband...more
Aug. 20, 2026, 1:56 p.m.
Countries: Egypt
Variables: AOM-LAW-1
“Law 126/2008 has set the minimum age of marriage at 18 but does punish perpetrators” (50).
Variables: AOM-LAW-1
“Law 126/2008 has set the minimum age of marriage at 18 but does punish perpetrators” (50).
Aug. 20, 2026, 1:56 p.m.
Countries: Egypt
Variables: ATC-DATA-1
“18 September 1981” (49).
Variables: ATC-DATA-1
“18 September 1981” (49).
Aug. 20, 2026, 1:56 p.m.
Countries: Egypt
Variables: ATC-DATA-2
“3” (49).
Variables: ATC-DATA-2
“3” (49).
Aug. 20, 2026, 1:56 p.m.
Countries: Egypt
Variables: ATC-DATA-3
““In respect of Article 16: Reservation to the text of Article 16 concerning the equality of men and women in all matters relating to marriage and family relations during the marriage and upon its dissolution, without prejudice to the Islamic Sharia’s provisions whereby women are accorded rights equivalent to those of their spouses so as to ensure a just balance between them. This is out of respect for the sacrosanct nature of the firm religious beliefs which govern marital relations in Egypt and which may not be called in question and in view of the fact that one of the most important bases of these relations is an equivalency of...more
Variables: ATC-DATA-3
““In respect of Article 16: Reservation to the text of Article 16 concerning the equality of men and women in all matters relating to marriage and family relations during the marriage and upon its dissolution, without prejudice to the Islamic Sharia’s provisions whereby women are accorded rights equivalent to those of their spouses so as to ensure a just balance between them. This is out of respect for the sacrosanct nature of the firm religious beliefs which govern marital relations in Egypt and which may not be called in question and in view of the fact that one of the most important bases of these relations is an equivalency of...more
Aug. 20, 2026, 1:56 p.m.
Countries: Egypt
Variables: ATC-DATA-5
“African Charter 20 March 1984 Egypt entered the following reservations upon ratification: “that the application of Article 8 and paragraph 3 of Article 18 should be in the light of Islamic Sharite Law and not to its detriment; and that Egypt interprets the first paragraph of Article 9 as being applicable only to information, the obtaining of which is authorised by Egyptian laws and regulations’ and Maputo Protocol was not ratified” (49).
Variables: ATC-DATA-5
“African Charter 20 March 1984 Egypt entered the following reservations upon ratification: “that the application of Article 8 and paragraph 3 of Article 18 should be in the light of Islamic Sharite Law and not to its detriment; and that Egypt interprets the first paragraph of Article 9 as being applicable only to information, the obtaining of which is authorised by Egyptian laws and regulations’ and Maputo Protocol was not ratified” (49).
Aug. 20, 2026, 1:56 p.m.
Countries: Egypt
Variables: ATDW-PRACTICE-1, ATDW-LAW-1
“However, many countries have discriminatory provisions related to divorce by requiring a case to fulfil certain conditions before a woman may request a divorce, which is not the case for men. Divorce laws in Sudan are discriminatory in that a woman cannot obtain a judgment of divorce in the same way as a man. Catholics in the country may divorce in instances of regular abuse and mistreatment, while Protestants and Coptic Christians may only divorce in cases of adultery. In Algeria, women can request a divorce only in cases of abandonment, failure to pay alimony or violation of the marriage contract. In the event a woman seeks a no-fault divorce...more
Variables: ATDW-PRACTICE-1, ATDW-LAW-1
“However, many countries have discriminatory provisions related to divorce by requiring a case to fulfil certain conditions before a woman may request a divorce, which is not the case for men. Divorce laws in Sudan are discriminatory in that a woman cannot obtain a judgment of divorce in the same way as a man. Catholics in the country may divorce in instances of regular abuse and mistreatment, while Protestants and Coptic Christians may only divorce in cases of adultery. In Algeria, women can request a divorce only in cases of abandonment, failure to pay alimony or violation of the marriage contract. In the event a woman seeks a no-fault divorce...more
Aug. 20, 2026, 1:56 p.m.
Countries: Egypt
Variables: ATDW-PRACTICE-2, ATDW-LAW-5
“However, many countries have discriminatory provisions related to divorce by requiring a case to fulfil certain conditions before a woman may request a divorce, which is not the case for men. Divorce laws in Sudan are discriminatory in that a woman cannot obtain a judgment of divorce in the same way as a man. Catholics in the country may divorce in instances of regular abuse and mistreatment, while Protestants and Coptic Christians may only divorce in cases of adultery. In Algeria, women can request a divorce only in cases of abandonment, failure to pay alimony or violation of the marriage contract. In the event a woman seeks a no-fault divorce...more
Variables: ATDW-PRACTICE-2, ATDW-LAW-5
“However, many countries have discriminatory provisions related to divorce by requiring a case to fulfil certain conditions before a woman may request a divorce, which is not the case for men. Divorce laws in Sudan are discriminatory in that a woman cannot obtain a judgment of divorce in the same way as a man. Catholics in the country may divorce in instances of regular abuse and mistreatment, while Protestants and Coptic Christians may only divorce in cases of adultery. In Algeria, women can request a divorce only in cases of abandonment, failure to pay alimony or violation of the marriage contract. In the event a woman seeks a no-fault divorce...more
Aug. 20, 2026, 1:56 p.m.
Countries: Egypt
Variables: CLCW-PRACTICE-1
“Under Article 6 of the Constitution, any person born to either an Egyptian father or an Egyptian mother can have Egyptian citizenship” (50).
Variables: CLCW-PRACTICE-1
“Under Article 6 of the Constitution, any person born to either an Egyptian father or an Egyptian mother can have Egyptian citizenship” (50).
Aug. 20, 2026, 1:56 p.m.
Countries: Egypt
Variables: CONST-LAW-1
“The Preamble of the Constitution recognises that the Constitution is being drafted to achieve equality between Egyptians ‘in rights and duties with no discrimination’. Article 4 recognises that national unity is based ‘on the principle of equality, justice and equal opportunity between citizens’. Under Article 9, the State has the obligation to ensure ‘equal opportunity for all citizens without discrimination’. Article 11 of the Constitution focuses on the place of women and motherhood as follows” (48). “The State commits to achieving equality between women and men in all civil, political, economic, social, and cultural rights in accordance with the provisions of this Constitution” (48). “Women's right to equality is further...more
Variables: CONST-LAW-1
“The Preamble of the Constitution recognises that the Constitution is being drafted to achieve equality between Egyptians ‘in rights and duties with no discrimination’. Article 4 recognises that national unity is based ‘on the principle of equality, justice and equal opportunity between citizens’. Under Article 9, the State has the obligation to ensure ‘equal opportunity for all citizens without discrimination’. Article 11 of the Constitution focuses on the place of women and motherhood as follows” (48). “The State commits to achieving equality between women and men in all civil, political, economic, social, and cultural rights in accordance with the provisions of this Constitution” (48). “Women's right to equality is further...more
Aug. 20, 2026, 1:56 p.m.
Countries: Egypt
Variables: CUST-LAW-1
“However, there are still challenges in some countries such as Egypt, South Sudan and Sudan – when the children are of tender age - and Tanzania where custody, driven by gender stereotypes, automatically falls on the woman. This presumption also increases women’s care burden. The paramount interest in deciding custody should be the best interest of the child regardless of the gender of the parents” (15). “Concerning custody, women have more rights than men because of gender stereotypes and usually men have to struggle to have custody of the child. For instance, in 2011, a family court had to allow an ex-husband to have custody of his children to stay...more
Variables: CUST-LAW-1
“However, there are still challenges in some countries such as Egypt, South Sudan and Sudan – when the children are of tender age - and Tanzania where custody, driven by gender stereotypes, automatically falls on the woman. This presumption also increases women’s care burden. The paramount interest in deciding custody should be the best interest of the child regardless of the gender of the parents” (15). “Concerning custody, women have more rights than men because of gender stereotypes and usually men have to struggle to have custody of the child. For instance, in 2011, a family court had to allow an ex-husband to have custody of his children to stay...more
Aug. 20, 2026, 1:56 p.m.
Countries: Egypt
Variables: DTCP-LAW-1
“Countries such as Egypt consider religious law in the form of Sharia as the principle source of legislation in their Constitution, and consider pluralism for Christians and Jews” (8). “In countries such as Cameroon, Egypt, Kenya, Senegal, South Sudan and Sudan, the laws allow for more than one marriage. Kenya’s laws emphasise that customary and Muslim marriages are presumed to be polygamous or potentially polygamous. In Sudan and Senegal, a man can have up to four wives” (12). “This is a progressive provision concerning the rights of women within the family in that it ensures equality between men and women, representation of women, protection against all forms of violence, and...more
Variables: DTCP-LAW-1
“Countries such as Egypt consider religious law in the form of Sharia as the principle source of legislation in their Constitution, and consider pluralism for Christians and Jews” (8). “In countries such as Cameroon, Egypt, Kenya, Senegal, South Sudan and Sudan, the laws allow for more than one marriage. Kenya’s laws emphasise that customary and Muslim marriages are presumed to be polygamous or potentially polygamous. In Sudan and Senegal, a man can have up to four wives” (12). “This is a progressive provision concerning the rights of women within the family in that it ensures equality between men and women, representation of women, protection against all forms of violence, and...more
Aug. 20, 2026, 1:56 p.m.
Countries: Egypt
Variables: INFIB-PRACTICE-1, DV-PRACTICE-1
“This is a progressive provision concerning the rights of women within the family in that it ensures equality between men and women, representation of women, protection against all forms of violence, and adopts an intersectional approach towards protecting motherhood, elderly women, and women most in need. However, it has some claw back clauses. For instance, ‘within the provisions of this Constitution’ women are exposed to discriminatory practices under Sharia law. Moreover,while the provision requires the State to empower women, it provides that such empowerment is done with the view of reconciling ‘the duties of women toward her family and her work requirements’. Article 60 of the Constitution on inviolability of...more
Variables: INFIB-PRACTICE-1, DV-PRACTICE-1
“This is a progressive provision concerning the rights of women within the family in that it ensures equality between men and women, representation of women, protection against all forms of violence, and adopts an intersectional approach towards protecting motherhood, elderly women, and women most in need. However, it has some claw back clauses. For instance, ‘within the provisions of this Constitution’ women are exposed to discriminatory practices under Sharia law. Moreover,while the provision requires the State to empower women, it provides that such empowerment is done with the view of reconciling ‘the duties of women toward her family and her work requirements’. Article 60 of the Constitution on inviolability of...more
Aug. 20, 2026, 1:56 p.m.
Countries: Egypt
Variables: IAD-LAW-1
“There are also countries such as Algeria, Cameroon, Côte d’Ivoire, Egypt, South Sudan, Sudan and Tunisia that outrightly provide for unequal inheritance of the girl child or female spouses, or place women below the inheritance line. As a surviving spouse, widows should inherit from the deceased husband in a prioritised manner. In countries like Egypt and Sudan, there are different succession regimes for Christians and Muslims where a Christian woman must inherit equally as her brothers, which is not the case for Muslim women” (16). “The family is ‘based on religion, morality and patriotism’. The Constitution also protects the right to own private property. Under Article 35 of the Constitution,...more
Variables: IAD-LAW-1
“There are also countries such as Algeria, Cameroon, Côte d’Ivoire, Egypt, South Sudan, Sudan and Tunisia that outrightly provide for unequal inheritance of the girl child or female spouses, or place women below the inheritance line. As a surviving spouse, widows should inherit from the deceased husband in a prioritised manner. In countries like Egypt and Sudan, there are different succession regimes for Christians and Muslims where a Christian woman must inherit equally as her brothers, which is not the case for Muslim women” (16). “The family is ‘based on religion, morality and patriotism’. The Constitution also protects the right to own private property. Under Article 35 of the Constitution,...more
Aug. 20, 2026, 1:56 p.m.
Countries: Egypt
Variables: IAW-LAW-1
“There are also countries such as Algeria, Cameroon, Côte d’Ivoire, Egypt, South Sudan, Sudan and Tunisia that outrightly provide for unequal inheritance of the girl child or female spouses, or place women below the inheritance line. As a surviving spouse, widows should inherit from the deceased husband in a prioritised manner. In countries like Egypt and Sudan, there are different succession regimes for Christians and Muslims where a Christian woman must inherit equally as her brothers, which is not the case for Muslim women” (16). “In some cases, upon divorce, the matrimonial property of a woman is tied to the custody of the child. In Egypt for instance, upon divorce,...more
Variables: IAW-LAW-1
“There are also countries such as Algeria, Cameroon, Côte d’Ivoire, Egypt, South Sudan, Sudan and Tunisia that outrightly provide for unequal inheritance of the girl child or female spouses, or place women below the inheritance line. As a surviving spouse, widows should inherit from the deceased husband in a prioritised manner. In countries like Egypt and Sudan, there are different succession regimes for Christians and Muslims where a Christian woman must inherit equally as her brothers, which is not the case for Muslim women” (16). “In some cases, upon divorce, the matrimonial property of a woman is tied to the custody of the child. In Egypt for instance, upon divorce,...more
Aug. 20, 2026, 1:56 p.m.
Countries: Egypt
Variables: IAD-PRACTICE-1
“There are also countries such as Algeria, Cameroon, Côte d’Ivoire, Egypt, South Sudan, Sudan and Tunisia that outrightly provide for unequal inheritance of the girl child or female spouses, or place women below the inheritance line. As a surviving spouse, widows should inherit from the deceased husband in a prioritised manner. In countries like Egypt and Sudan, there are different succession regimes for Christians and Muslims where a Christian woman must inherit equally as her brothers, which is not the case for Muslim women” (16).
Variables: IAD-PRACTICE-1
“There are also countries such as Algeria, Cameroon, Côte d’Ivoire, Egypt, South Sudan, Sudan and Tunisia that outrightly provide for unequal inheritance of the girl child or female spouses, or place women below the inheritance line. As a surviving spouse, widows should inherit from the deceased husband in a prioritised manner. In countries like Egypt and Sudan, there are different succession regimes for Christians and Muslims where a Christian woman must inherit equally as her brothers, which is not the case for Muslim women” (16).
Aug. 20, 2026, 1:56 p.m.
Countries: Egypt
Variables: PW-LAW-1
“In countries such as Cameroon, Egypt, Kenya, Senegal, South Sudan and Sudan, the laws allow for more than one marriage. Kenya’s laws emphasise that customary and Muslim marriages are presumed to be polygamous or potentially polygamous. In Sudan and Senegal, a man can have up to four wives” (12). “(iv) Polygamy: According to amendments to Laws No. 25/1920 and 25/1929 in 1979, a husband can marry a second wife only with the consent of the first wife. If that was not the case, this could be considered as harming the first wife and automatic divorce could be granted. This sparked debate since it was seen as a restriction on polygamy....more
Variables: PW-LAW-1
“In countries such as Cameroon, Egypt, Kenya, Senegal, South Sudan and Sudan, the laws allow for more than one marriage. Kenya’s laws emphasise that customary and Muslim marriages are presumed to be polygamous or potentially polygamous. In Sudan and Senegal, a man can have up to four wives” (12). “(iv) Polygamy: According to amendments to Laws No. 25/1920 and 25/1929 in 1979, a husband can marry a second wife only with the consent of the first wife. If that was not the case, this could be considered as harming the first wife and automatic divorce could be granted. This sparked debate since it was seen as a restriction on polygamy....more
Aug. 20, 2026, 1:56 p.m.
Countries: Egypt
Variables: MARR-PRACTICE-7
“(iii) Wife obedience and head of household: According to Law No 100 of 1985, the husband is responsible for providing for the children and thus is impliedly the head of the family.140 The law also provides that a wife must obey her husband. In the event there is no obedience, the husband may file for a no-obedience complaint and withdraw this financial support to the wife. Both can decide where to live but a woman is expected to follow her husband when choosing the matrimonial home. Upon divorce, the wife may keep the matrimonial home when she has custody of the child but loses this privilege when the children reach...more
Variables: MARR-PRACTICE-7
“(iii) Wife obedience and head of household: According to Law No 100 of 1985, the husband is responsible for providing for the children and thus is impliedly the head of the family.140 The law also provides that a wife must obey her husband. In the event there is no obedience, the husband may file for a no-obedience complaint and withdraw this financial support to the wife. Both can decide where to live but a woman is expected to follow her husband when choosing the matrimonial home. Upon divorce, the wife may keep the matrimonial home when she has custody of the child but loses this privilege when the children reach...more
Aug. 20, 2026, 1:56 p.m.
Countries: Egypt
Variables: MARR-PRACTICE-4
“Women's right to equality is further protected by Article 53 that provides that ‘[c]itizens are equal before the law, possess equal rights and public duties, and may not be discriminated against’ on the basis of, amongst others, sex and any other reason. The inclusion of any other reason can be extended to same-sex couples. Furthermore, the State has to ‘take all necessary measures to eliminate all forms of discrimination, and the law shall regulate the establishment of an independent commission for this purpose’. The family as the basis of society receives constitutional protection under Article 10 of the Constitution” (48).
Variables: MARR-PRACTICE-4
“Women's right to equality is further protected by Article 53 that provides that ‘[c]itizens are equal before the law, possess equal rights and public duties, and may not be discriminated against’ on the basis of, amongst others, sex and any other reason. The inclusion of any other reason can be extended to same-sex couples. Furthermore, the State has to ‘take all necessary measures to eliminate all forms of discrimination, and the law shall regulate the establishment of an independent commission for this purpose’. The family as the basis of society receives constitutional protection under Article 10 of the Constitution” (48).
Aug. 20, 2026, 1:56 p.m.
Countries: Egypt
Variables: MARR-LAW-5
“Countries such as Egypt consider religious law in the form of Sharia as the principle source of legislation in their Constitution, and consider pluralism for Christians and Jews” (8). “Countries like Angola, Malawi, and Mozambique protect women the most since they recognise marriage by reputation, cohabitation, or de facto marriages, in addition to customary and religious marriages. The same applies for Cameroon and Egypt where marriages do not have to be registered to have legal effect” (9).
Variables: MARR-LAW-5
“Countries such as Egypt consider religious law in the form of Sharia as the principle source of legislation in their Constitution, and consider pluralism for Christians and Jews” (8). “Countries like Angola, Malawi, and Mozambique protect women the most since they recognise marriage by reputation, cohabitation, or de facto marriages, in addition to customary and religious marriages. The same applies for Cameroon and Egypt where marriages do not have to be registered to have legal effect” (9).
Aug. 20, 2026, 1:56 p.m.
Countries: Egypt
Variables: MARR-LAW-2
“Countries like Angola, Malawi, and Mozambique protect women the most since they recognise marriage by reputation, cohabitation, or de facto marriages, in addition to customary and religious marriages. The same applies for Cameroon and Egypt where marriages do not have to be registered to have legal effect” (9).
Variables: MARR-LAW-2
“Countries like Angola, Malawi, and Mozambique protect women the most since they recognise marriage by reputation, cohabitation, or de facto marriages, in addition to customary and religious marriages. The same applies for Cameroon and Egypt where marriages do not have to be registered to have legal effect” (9).
Aug. 20, 2026, 1:56 p.m.
Countries: Egypt
Variables: LO-PRACTICE-1
“In some cases, upon divorce, the matrimonial property of a woman is tied to the custody of the child. In Egypt for instance, upon divorce, the wife may keep the matrimonial home when she has custody of the child but loses this privilege when the children reach the age of majority or when she loses custody” (17).
Variables: LO-PRACTICE-1
“In some cases, upon divorce, the matrimonial property of a woman is tied to the custody of the child. In Egypt for instance, upon divorce, the wife may keep the matrimonial home when she has custody of the child but loses this privilege when the children reach the age of majority or when she loses custody” (17).
Aug. 20, 2026, 1:56 p.m.
Countries: Egypt
Variables: MARR-PRACTICE-1, MARR-LAW-1
“Since the Maputo Protocol, that clearly prohibits marriage under the age of 18, was adopted, many of the countries studied have engaged in law reforms. Some of them, such as Côte d’Ivoire, Democratic Republic of Congo, Egypt, Kenya, Malawi, Mozambique and The Gambia have an absolute ban on marriage under the age of 18. Despite the legal ban, child marriage is still prevalent in some of these countries and more needs to be done to sensitise communities on the law and the dangers of child marriage; and to address the root causes of child marriage” (9).
Variables: MARR-PRACTICE-1, MARR-LAW-1
“Since the Maputo Protocol, that clearly prohibits marriage under the age of 18, was adopted, many of the countries studied have engaged in law reforms. Some of them, such as Côte d’Ivoire, Democratic Republic of Congo, Egypt, Kenya, Malawi, Mozambique and The Gambia have an absolute ban on marriage under the age of 18. Despite the legal ban, child marriage is still prevalent in some of these countries and more needs to be done to sensitise communities on the law and the dangers of child marriage; and to address the root causes of child marriage” (9).
Aug. 20, 2026, 1:56 p.m.
Countries: Egypt
Variables: IAW-PRACTICE-1
“There are also countries such as Algeria, Cameroon, Côte d’Ivoire, Egypt, South Sudan, Sudan and Tunisia that outrightly provide for unequal inheritance of the girl child or female spouses, or place women below the inheritance line. As a surviving spouse, widows should inherit from the deceased husband in a prioritised manner. In countries like Egypt and Sudan, there are different succession regimes for Christians and Muslims where a Christian woman must inherit equally as her brothers, which is not the case for Muslim women” (16). “In some cases, upon divorce, the matrimonial property of a woman is tied to the custody of the child. In Egypt for instance, upon divorce,...more
Variables: IAW-PRACTICE-1
“There are also countries such as Algeria, Cameroon, Côte d’Ivoire, Egypt, South Sudan, Sudan and Tunisia that outrightly provide for unequal inheritance of the girl child or female spouses, or place women below the inheritance line. As a surviving spouse, widows should inherit from the deceased husband in a prioritised manner. In countries like Egypt and Sudan, there are different succession regimes for Christians and Muslims where a Christian woman must inherit equally as her brothers, which is not the case for Muslim women” (16). “In some cases, upon divorce, the matrimonial property of a woman is tied to the custody of the child. In Egypt for instance, upon divorce,...more
Aug. 20, 2026, 1:56 p.m.
Countries: Egypt
Variables: IW-PRACTICE-1, IW-LAW-1
“With regard to inheritance, Law No. 77 of 1943 was amended in 2017 to penalise intentionally depriving women/heirs of their inheritance. Article 49 stipulates that anyone who denies an heir their legitimate share of inheritance shall be punished by imprisonment for a minimum of 6 months and a fine of up to LE100,000 [US$5,645]. The article adds that any person who withholds a document proving a person’s legal right to inheritance shall be punished by imprisonment of 3 months and a fine of no less than LE10,000 [US$564]. For Christians, recently, an Egyptian Christian woman contested the fact that she inherits less than her brothers and the court ruled in...more
Variables: IW-PRACTICE-1, IW-LAW-1
“With regard to inheritance, Law No. 77 of 1943 was amended in 2017 to penalise intentionally depriving women/heirs of their inheritance. Article 49 stipulates that anyone who denies an heir their legitimate share of inheritance shall be punished by imprisonment for a minimum of 6 months and a fine of up to LE100,000 [US$5,645]. The article adds that any person who withholds a document proving a person’s legal right to inheritance shall be punished by imprisonment of 3 months and a fine of no less than LE10,000 [US$564]. For Christians, recently, an Egyptian Christian woman contested the fact that she inherits less than her brothers and the court ruled in...more
Aug. 20, 2026, 1:56 p.m.
Countries: Egypt
Variables: LO-LAW-1
“In some cases, upon divorce, the matrimonial property of a woman is tied to the custody of the child. In Egypt for instance, upon divorce, the wife may keep the matrimonial home when she has custody of the child but loses this privilege when the children reach the age of majority or when she loses custody” (17). “The family is ‘based on religion, morality and patriotism’. The Constitution also protects the right to own private property. Under Article 35 of the Constitution, ‘[p]rivate property is protected. The right to inherit property is guaranteed. Private property may not be sequestrated except in cases specified by law, and by a court order’”...more
Variables: LO-LAW-1
“In some cases, upon divorce, the matrimonial property of a woman is tied to the custody of the child. In Egypt for instance, upon divorce, the wife may keep the matrimonial home when she has custody of the child but loses this privilege when the children reach the age of majority or when she loses custody” (17). “The family is ‘based on religion, morality and patriotism’. The Constitution also protects the right to own private property. Under Article 35 of the Constitution, ‘[p]rivate property is protected. The right to inherit property is guaranteed. Private property may not be sequestrated except in cases specified by law, and by a court order’”...more
Aug. 20, 2026, 1:56 p.m.
Countries: Egypt
Variables: LBHO-PRACTICE-1
“The State commits to taking the necessary measures to ensure appropriate representation of women in the houses of parliament, in the manner specified by law. It grants women the right to hold public posts and high management posts in the State, and to appointment in judicial bodies and entities without discrimination” (48).
Variables: LBHO-PRACTICE-1
“The State commits to taking the necessary measures to ensure appropriate representation of women in the houses of parliament, in the manner specified by law. It grants women the right to hold public posts and high management posts in the State, and to appointment in judicial bodies and entities without discrimination” (48).
June 10, 2026, 11:04 p.m.
Countries: Afghanistan, Albania, Argentina, Armenia, Australia, Austria, Azerbaijan, Bahamas, Bangladesh, Barbados, Belarus, Belgium, Belize, Benin, Bhutan, Bosnia-Herzegovina, Botswana, Brazil, Brunei, Bulgaria, Burkina Faso, Burma/Myanmar, Burundi, Cambodia, Canada, Cape Verde, Central African Rep, Chad, Chile, China, Colombia, Comoros, Congo, Costa Rica, Cote D'Ivoire, Croatia, Cuba, Cyprus, Czech Republic, D R Congo, Denmark, Djibouti, East Timor, Ecuador, Egypt, El Salvador, Estonia, Ethiopia, Fiji, Finland, France, Gabon, Gambia, Georgia, Germany, Ghana, Greece, Guatemala, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Guyana, Haiti, Honduras, Hungary, Iceland, India, Indonesia, Iran, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Jamaica, Japan, Jordan, Kazakhstan, Kenya, Kosovo, Kyrgyzstan, Laos, Latvia, Lebanon, Lesotho, Liberia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Macedonia, Madagascar, Malawi, Malaysia, Maldives, Mali, Malta, Mauritania, Mauritius, Mexico, Moldova, Mongolia, Montenegro, Morocco, Mozambique, Namibia, Nepal, Netherlands, New Zealand, Nicaragua, Niger, Nigeria, North Korea, Norway, Oman, Pakistan, Panama, Papua New Guinea, Paraguay, Peru, Poland, Portugal, Qatar, Romania, Rwanda, Saudi Arabia, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Singapore, Slovakia, Slovenia, Solomon Islands, Somalia, South Africa, South Korea, South Sudan, Spain, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Suriname, Swaziland, Sweden, Switzerland, Taiwan, Tanzania, Togo, Trinidad/Tobago, Tunisia, Turkey, Turkmenistan, Uganda, Ukraine, United Arab Emirates, United Kingdom, United States, Uruguay, Uzbekistan, Vanuatu, Vietnam, Yemen, Zambia, Zimbabwe
Variables: LRW-LAW-4
Given the following documentation, there is no exoneration in the law allowing an individual accused of rape to have their criminal charges dismissed or overturned by subsequently marrying the victim. However, it should be noted that this only accounts for the legal framework and now what societal pressures may be in practice (ERD - CODER COMMENT).more
Variables: LRW-LAW-4
Given the following documentation, there is no exoneration in the law allowing an individual accused of rape to have their criminal charges dismissed or overturned by subsequently marrying the victim. However, it should be noted that this only accounts for the legal framework and now what societal pressures may be in practice (ERD - CODER COMMENT).more
May 14, 2026, 7:51 p.m.
Countries: Egypt
Variables: MARR-PRACTICE-5
"It is broadly accepted in Egyptian society that the chief purpose of a woman is to get married — from the time she’s a girl, her parents and relatives are talking about her marriage prospects, and it’s common for families to start saving money and buying items for a young women’s gihaz, or her trousseau, when she’s in her early teens" (para 19). This information mentions the practice of putting together the gihaz for the bride, which, though not exactly similar to brideprice and/or dowery, still functions similarly as a socially expected marital preparation involving goods/assets for marriage (MR-CODER COMMENT).
Variables: MARR-PRACTICE-5
"It is broadly accepted in Egyptian society that the chief purpose of a woman is to get married — from the time she’s a girl, her parents and relatives are talking about her marriage prospects, and it’s common for families to start saving money and buying items for a young women’s gihaz, or her trousseau, when she’s in her early teens" (para 19). This information mentions the practice of putting together the gihaz for the bride, which, though not exactly similar to brideprice and/or dowery, still functions similarly as a socially expected marital preparation involving goods/assets for marriage (MR-CODER COMMENT).
May 14, 2026, 7:51 p.m.
Countries: Egypt
Variables: ATFPA-PRACTICE-2
"...millions of Egyptian men migrated to the countries of the Gulf, primarily Saudi Arabia, for work — and that happens to be one of the most repressive countries in the world, in terms of women’s rights. So Egyptian men went out into the world and brought back these ultra-conservative ideas that women are inherently sinful, intellectually inferior, and unfit to travel, work, get married, or make other decisions without the approval of a male guardian. That has fed a fundamentalist wave in Egypt and throughout the Middle East. So opening to the world actually led to more repressive ideas coming in" (para 16). "It is broadly accepted in Egyptian society...more
Variables: ATFPA-PRACTICE-2
"...millions of Egyptian men migrated to the countries of the Gulf, primarily Saudi Arabia, for work — and that happens to be one of the most repressive countries in the world, in terms of women’s rights. So Egyptian men went out into the world and brought back these ultra-conservative ideas that women are inherently sinful, intellectually inferior, and unfit to travel, work, get married, or make other decisions without the approval of a male guardian. That has fed a fundamentalist wave in Egypt and throughout the Middle East. So opening to the world actually led to more repressive ideas coming in" (para 16). "It is broadly accepted in Egyptian society...more