Latest items for Egypt
Nov. 1, 2026, 5:31 a.m.
Countries: Egypt
Variables: LRW-SCALE-10
"Through the most important project of CFJ, Detention Watch, the organization has monitored 554 violations against 224 women in detention facilities and prisons in Egypt, during 2020" (para 3). "Aya [detainee] was subjected to many violations. She was physically harassed, threatened with rape, photographed naked more than once during her interrogation, and electrocuted to force her to confess to the charges against her, and she was threatened with the arrest of her brother and mother" (para 7).
Variables: LRW-SCALE-10
"Through the most important project of CFJ, Detention Watch, the organization has monitored 554 violations against 224 women in detention facilities and prisons in Egypt, during 2020" (para 3). "Aya [detainee] was subjected to many violations. She was physically harassed, threatened with rape, photographed naked more than once during her interrogation, and electrocuted to force her to confess to the charges against her, and she was threatened with the arrest of her brother and mother" (para 7).
Nov. 1, 2026, 5:21 a.m.
Countries: Egypt
Variables: LRW-SCALE-10
"According to the report, the UNHCR and its partner CARE International, were informed of 1,231 cases of gender-based and sexual violence against African and other foreign nationalities in 2019. Following the coronavirus outbreak in early 2020, the number of rape and physical assaults jumped to some 300,000 cases (para 10).
Variables: LRW-SCALE-10
"According to the report, the UNHCR and its partner CARE International, were informed of 1,231 cases of gender-based and sexual violence against African and other foreign nationalities in 2019. Following the coronavirus outbreak in early 2020, the number of rape and physical assaults jumped to some 300,000 cases (para 10).
Oct. 27, 2026, 1:42 p.m.
Countries: Egypt
Variables: SMES-DATA-1
"90% of Sudanese women in her neighbourhood, where rent is cheap, have been subject to sexual exploitation. “A woman without a husband, who has children, they target her knowing she won’t have enough to feed them,” Mariam says. “She thinks of doing this just once to cover her immediate expenses, but you’re going to be forced to do it every time'"(6-7)
Variables: SMES-DATA-1
"90% of Sudanese women in her neighbourhood, where rent is cheap, have been subject to sexual exploitation. “A woman without a husband, who has children, they target her knowing she won’t have enough to feed them,” Mariam says. “She thinks of doing this just once to cover her immediate expenses, but you’re going to be forced to do it every time'"(6-7)
Oct. 27, 2026, 1:42 p.m.
Countries: Egypt
Variables: NGOFW-DATA-1
"Alaa*, who works for an organisation that helps the women" (11). (EP-CODER-COMMENT) Evidence of an organisationt tat serves Sudanese refugee women in Egypt; nature of organisation not described.
Variables: NGOFW-DATA-1
"Alaa*, who works for an organisation that helps the women" (11). (EP-CODER-COMMENT) Evidence of an organisationt tat serves Sudanese refugee women in Egypt; nature of organisation not described.
Oct. 27, 2026, 1:42 p.m.
Countries: Egypt
Variables: LDS-PRACTICE-2
"Most end up either working informally in factories, where a 10-hour working day nets about 150 Egyptian pounds (EGP; about £2.20), or as domestic workers, where they often go unpaid and sexual assault is commonplace" (10). "[H]er factory boss started visiting her home in the evenings, demanding sex and threatening to withhold her pay and fire her if she did not comply" (19) (EP-CODER-COMMENT) This quote is in refence to the treatment of Sudanese refugee women in Egypt
Variables: LDS-PRACTICE-2
"Most end up either working informally in factories, where a 10-hour working day nets about 150 Egyptian pounds (EGP; about £2.20), or as domestic workers, where they often go unpaid and sexual assault is commonplace" (10). "[H]er factory boss started visiting her home in the evenings, demanding sex and threatening to withhold her pay and fire her if she did not comply" (19) (EP-CODER-COMMENT) This quote is in refence to the treatment of Sudanese refugee women in Egypt
Oct. 27, 2026, 1:42 p.m.
Countries: Egypt
Variables: LDS-PRACTICE-1
"Most end up either working informally in factories, where a 10-hour working day nets about 150 Egyptian pounds (EGP; about £2.20), or as domestic workers, where they often go unpaid and sexual assault is commonplace" (10). (EP-CODER-COMMENT) This quote is in refence to the treatment of Sudanese refugee women in Egypt
Variables: LDS-PRACTICE-1
"Most end up either working informally in factories, where a 10-hour working day nets about 150 Egyptian pounds (EGP; about £2.20), or as domestic workers, where they often go unpaid and sexual assault is commonplace" (10). (EP-CODER-COMMENT) This quote is in refence to the treatment of Sudanese refugee women in Egypt
Oct. 27, 2026, 1:42 p.m.
Countries: Egypt
Variables: IRP-PRACTICE-1
"Sudanese women who fled to Egypt to escape the war in their country are facing increasing levels of sexual exploitation, with the Guardian told of single mothers forced to sell their bodies to survive and feed their children" (1). "'A woman without a husband, who has children, they target her knowing she won’t have enough to feed them,” Mariam says. “She thinks of doing this just once to cover her immediate expenses, but you’re going to be forced to do it every time'"(7). "Sex work has increasingly become a last resort for women seeking a way out of grinding poverty" (11). "She worked informally in a pharmaceutical factory until four...more
Variables: IRP-PRACTICE-1
"Sudanese women who fled to Egypt to escape the war in their country are facing increasing levels of sexual exploitation, with the Guardian told of single mothers forced to sell their bodies to survive and feed their children" (1). "'A woman without a husband, who has children, they target her knowing she won’t have enough to feed them,” Mariam says. “She thinks of doing this just once to cover her immediate expenses, but you’re going to be forced to do it every time'"(7). "Sex work has increasingly become a last resort for women seeking a way out of grinding poverty" (11). "She worked informally in a pharmaceutical factory until four...more
Oct. 27, 2026, 1:42 p.m.
Countries: Egypt
Variables: LDS-LAW-1, ERBG-LAW-1
"Unable to work legally, living in poor and often unsafe neighbourhoods, women – who have been among the hardest hit by the war – are acutely vulnerable" (5) (EP-CODER-COMMENT) This quote is in refence to the treatment of Sudanese refugee women in Egypt
Variables: LDS-LAW-1, ERBG-LAW-1
"Unable to work legally, living in poor and often unsafe neighbourhoods, women – who have been among the hardest hit by the war – are acutely vulnerable" (5) (EP-CODER-COMMENT) This quote is in refence to the treatment of Sudanese refugee women in Egypt
Oct. 27, 2026, 1:42 p.m.
Countries: Egypt
Variables: DSFMF-PRACTICE-1
"Maha does not know if her children are still alive in Sudan. “I pray to God to be reunited with my children. But I worry that because I’m doing this, God will never give my children back.” (16). (EP-CODER-COMMENT) Maha is a Sudanese woman who fled to Egypt , after being disabled in her job she was forced to resort to sex work "Aid workers say exploitation remains under-reported because fear and shame surround the subject of sex outside marriage, even in the context of abuse" (21).
Variables: DSFMF-PRACTICE-1
"Maha does not know if her children are still alive in Sudan. “I pray to God to be reunited with my children. But I worry that because I’m doing this, God will never give my children back.” (16). (EP-CODER-COMMENT) Maha is a Sudanese woman who fled to Egypt , after being disabled in her job she was forced to resort to sex work "Aid workers say exploitation remains under-reported because fear and shame surround the subject of sex outside marriage, even in the context of abuse" (21).
Oct. 27, 2026, 1:42 p.m.
Countries: Egypt
Variables: CWC-DATA-4
"Workers at refugee organisations also describe how some women are lured into sex work when they first arrive in Egypt, with offers to expedite their residency paperwork" (18)
Variables: CWC-DATA-4
"Workers at refugee organisations also describe how some women are lured into sex work when they first arrive in Egypt, with offers to expedite their residency paperwork" (18)
Oct. 27, 2026, 1:42 p.m.
Countries: Egypt
Variables: CWC-DATA-3
"The situation in Egypt, which took in the largest number of arrivals, with an estimated 1.5 million people crossing the border has also become significantly worse."(4).(EP CODER COMMENT) This quote is in refrence to Sudanese refugees coming into Egypt. "Unable to work legally, living in poor and often unsafe neighbourhoods, women – who have been among the hardest hit by the war – are acutely vulnerable." (5).
Variables: CWC-DATA-3
"The situation in Egypt, which took in the largest number of arrivals, with an estimated 1.5 million people crossing the border has also become significantly worse."(4).(EP CODER COMMENT) This quote is in refrence to Sudanese refugees coming into Egypt. "Unable to work legally, living in poor and often unsafe neighbourhoods, women – who have been among the hardest hit by the war – are acutely vulnerable." (5).
Oct. 27, 2026, 1:42 p.m.
Countries: Egypt
Variables: ABO-PRACTICE-1
"For women, pregnancy presents another impossible situation: in Egypt, children born outside marriage are not legally recognised, while abortion is illegal. Mohamed says those who can find the EGP3,000-4,000 will buy parallel-market tablets of misoprostol – an abortifacient drug that triggers uterine contractions. But those without money must often resort to dangerous home abortions. Just last month, says Mohamed, two pregnant women who did not have money to buy the pills died after they attempted to insert pieces of wood into themselves, after they had been told it would dilate the cervix and cause a miscarriage." (para 23-24)
Variables: ABO-PRACTICE-1
"For women, pregnancy presents another impossible situation: in Egypt, children born outside marriage are not legally recognised, while abortion is illegal. Mohamed says those who can find the EGP3,000-4,000 will buy parallel-market tablets of misoprostol – an abortifacient drug that triggers uterine contractions. But those without money must often resort to dangerous home abortions. Just last month, says Mohamed, two pregnant women who did not have money to buy the pills died after they attempted to insert pieces of wood into themselves, after they had been told it would dilate the cervix and cause a miscarriage." (para 23-24)
Oct. 27, 2026, 1:42 p.m.
Countries: Egypt
Variables: ABO-LAW-1
"For women, pregnancy presents another impossible situation: in Egypt, children born outside marriage are not legally recognised, while abortion is illegal." (para 23)
Variables: ABO-LAW-1
"For women, pregnancy presents another impossible situation: in Egypt, children born outside marriage are not legally recognised, while abortion is illegal." (para 23)
Oct. 27, 2026, 1:42 p.m.
Countries: Egypt
Variables: DACH-PRACTICE-2, ABO-DATA-1
"Mohamed*, a doctor at a healthcare organisation in Cairo, says he treats at least 10 women every week who report being sexually exploited or engaging in sex work. Many come to him pregnant and seeking abortions. He says the high number of unwanted pregnancies that he and colleagues are witnessing indicates the scale of the problem" (20).
Variables: DACH-PRACTICE-2, ABO-DATA-1
"Mohamed*, a doctor at a healthcare organisation in Cairo, says he treats at least 10 women every week who report being sexually exploited or engaging in sex work. Many come to him pregnant and seeking abortions. He says the high number of unwanted pregnancies that he and colleagues are witnessing indicates the scale of the problem" (20).
Oct. 24, 2026, 12:58 p.m.
Countries: Egypt
Variables: LRW-SCALE-6
"With regard to the offences of indecent assault, the same article [267] clarifies that anyone who assaults a boy or girl under the age of 18 without the use of force or threat shall be punished by imprisonment, while the penalty shall be increased to aggravated imprisonment for a period of not less than seven years if the victim has not exceeded 12 years, or if the offender is covered by the aggravating circumstances provided for in article 267. Article 267 also increases the penalty for crimes of sexual intercourse with a female without her consent, up to death or life imprisonment, and the death penalty is mandatory if the...more
Variables: LRW-SCALE-6
"With regard to the offences of indecent assault, the same article [267] clarifies that anyone who assaults a boy or girl under the age of 18 without the use of force or threat shall be punished by imprisonment, while the penalty shall be increased to aggravated imprisonment for a period of not less than seven years if the victim has not exceeded 12 years, or if the offender is covered by the aggravating circumstances provided for in article 267. Article 267 also increases the penalty for crimes of sexual intercourse with a female without her consent, up to death or life imprisonment, and the death penalty is mandatory if the...more
Oct. 24, 2026, 12:24 p.m.
Countries: Egypt
Variables: LRW-SCALE-6
"The Egyptian law criminalizes rape, stating, “Whoever lies with a female without her consent shall be punished with the death penalty or life imprisonment.” However, marital rape—sexual intercourse with a spouse without their consent—is not criminalized" (para 3).
Variables: LRW-SCALE-6
"The Egyptian law criminalizes rape, stating, “Whoever lies with a female without her consent shall be punished with the death penalty or life imprisonment.” However, marital rape—sexual intercourse with a spouse without their consent—is not criminalized" (para 3).
Oct. 24, 2026, 12:14 p.m.
Countries: Egypt
Variables: LRW-SCALE-6
"In Egypt, marital rape is not explicitly prohibited by law. This lack of legal recognition or definition contributes to the widespread acceptance and underreporting of marital rape" (4).
Variables: LRW-SCALE-6
"In Egypt, marital rape is not explicitly prohibited by law. This lack of legal recognition or definition contributes to the widespread acceptance and underreporting of marital rape" (4).
Oct. 24, 2026, 12:04 p.m.
Countries: Egypt
Variables: LRW-SCALE-6
"Egypt not only does not criminalise marital rape by law, but also the culture of victim blaming constantly prevents women from seeking help" (1).
Variables: LRW-SCALE-6
"Egypt not only does not criminalise marital rape by law, but also the culture of victim blaming constantly prevents women from seeking help" (1).
Aug. 20, 2026, 1:56 p.m.
Countries: Egypt
Variables: IAD-PRACTICE-1
“There are also countries such as Algeria, Cameroon, Côte d’Ivoire, Egypt, South Sudan, Sudan and Tunisia that outrightly provide for unequal inheritance of the girl child or female spouses, or place women below the inheritance line. As a surviving spouse, widows should inherit from the deceased husband in a prioritised manner. In countries like Egypt and Sudan, there are different succession regimes for Christians and Muslims where a Christian woman must inherit equally as her brothers, which is not the case for Muslim women” (16).
Variables: IAD-PRACTICE-1
“There are also countries such as Algeria, Cameroon, Côte d’Ivoire, Egypt, South Sudan, Sudan and Tunisia that outrightly provide for unequal inheritance of the girl child or female spouses, or place women below the inheritance line. As a surviving spouse, widows should inherit from the deceased husband in a prioritised manner. In countries like Egypt and Sudan, there are different succession regimes for Christians and Muslims where a Christian woman must inherit equally as her brothers, which is not the case for Muslim women” (16).
Aug. 20, 2026, 1:56 p.m.
Countries: Egypt
Variables: ATC-DATA-2
“3” (49).
Variables: ATC-DATA-2
“3” (49).
Aug. 20, 2026, 1:56 p.m.
Countries: Egypt
Variables: IAD-LAW-1
“There are also countries such as Algeria, Cameroon, Côte d’Ivoire, Egypt, South Sudan, Sudan and Tunisia that outrightly provide for unequal inheritance of the girl child or female spouses, or place women below the inheritance line. As a surviving spouse, widows should inherit from the deceased husband in a prioritised manner. In countries like Egypt and Sudan, there are different succession regimes for Christians and Muslims where a Christian woman must inherit equally as her brothers, which is not the case for Muslim women” (16). “The family is ‘based on religion, morality and patriotism’. The Constitution also protects the right to own private property. Under Article 35 of the Constitution,...more
Variables: IAD-LAW-1
“There are also countries such as Algeria, Cameroon, Côte d’Ivoire, Egypt, South Sudan, Sudan and Tunisia that outrightly provide for unequal inheritance of the girl child or female spouses, or place women below the inheritance line. As a surviving spouse, widows should inherit from the deceased husband in a prioritised manner. In countries like Egypt and Sudan, there are different succession regimes for Christians and Muslims where a Christian woman must inherit equally as her brothers, which is not the case for Muslim women” (16). “The family is ‘based on religion, morality and patriotism’. The Constitution also protects the right to own private property. Under Article 35 of the Constitution,...more
Aug. 20, 2026, 1:56 p.m.
Countries: Egypt
Variables: INFIB-PRACTICE-1, DV-PRACTICE-1
“This is a progressive provision concerning the rights of women within the family in that it ensures equality between men and women, representation of women, protection against all forms of violence, and adopts an intersectional approach towards protecting motherhood, elderly women, and women most in need. However, it has some claw back clauses. For instance, ‘within the provisions of this Constitution’ women are exposed to discriminatory practices under Sharia law. Moreover,while the provision requires the State to empower women, it provides that such empowerment is done with the view of reconciling ‘the duties of women toward her family and her work requirements’. Article 60 of the Constitution on inviolability of...more
Variables: INFIB-PRACTICE-1, DV-PRACTICE-1
“This is a progressive provision concerning the rights of women within the family in that it ensures equality between men and women, representation of women, protection against all forms of violence, and adopts an intersectional approach towards protecting motherhood, elderly women, and women most in need. However, it has some claw back clauses. For instance, ‘within the provisions of this Constitution’ women are exposed to discriminatory practices under Sharia law. Moreover,while the provision requires the State to empower women, it provides that such empowerment is done with the view of reconciling ‘the duties of women toward her family and her work requirements’. Article 60 of the Constitution on inviolability of...more
Aug. 20, 2026, 1:56 p.m.
Countries: Egypt
Variables: DTCP-LAW-1
“Countries such as Egypt consider religious law in the form of Sharia as the principle source of legislation in their Constitution, and consider pluralism for Christians and Jews” (8). “In countries such as Cameroon, Egypt, Kenya, Senegal, South Sudan and Sudan, the laws allow for more than one marriage. Kenya’s laws emphasise that customary and Muslim marriages are presumed to be polygamous or potentially polygamous. In Sudan and Senegal, a man can have up to four wives” (12). “This is a progressive provision concerning the rights of women within the family in that it ensures equality between men and women, representation of women, protection against all forms of violence, and...more
Variables: DTCP-LAW-1
“Countries such as Egypt consider religious law in the form of Sharia as the principle source of legislation in their Constitution, and consider pluralism for Christians and Jews” (8). “In countries such as Cameroon, Egypt, Kenya, Senegal, South Sudan and Sudan, the laws allow for more than one marriage. Kenya’s laws emphasise that customary and Muslim marriages are presumed to be polygamous or potentially polygamous. In Sudan and Senegal, a man can have up to four wives” (12). “This is a progressive provision concerning the rights of women within the family in that it ensures equality between men and women, representation of women, protection against all forms of violence, and...more
Aug. 20, 2026, 1:56 p.m.
Countries: Egypt
Variables: CUST-LAW-1
“However, there are still challenges in some countries such as Egypt, South Sudan and Sudan – when the children are of tender age - and Tanzania where custody, driven by gender stereotypes, automatically falls on the woman. This presumption also increases women’s care burden. The paramount interest in deciding custody should be the best interest of the child regardless of the gender of the parents” (15). “Concerning custody, women have more rights than men because of gender stereotypes and usually men have to struggle to have custody of the child. For instance, in 2011, a family court had to allow an ex-husband to have custody of his children to stay...more
Variables: CUST-LAW-1
“However, there are still challenges in some countries such as Egypt, South Sudan and Sudan – when the children are of tender age - and Tanzania where custody, driven by gender stereotypes, automatically falls on the woman. This presumption also increases women’s care burden. The paramount interest in deciding custody should be the best interest of the child regardless of the gender of the parents” (15). “Concerning custody, women have more rights than men because of gender stereotypes and usually men have to struggle to have custody of the child. For instance, in 2011, a family court had to allow an ex-husband to have custody of his children to stay...more
Aug. 20, 2026, 1:56 p.m.
Countries: Egypt
Variables: CONST-LAW-1
“The Preamble of the Constitution recognises that the Constitution is being drafted to achieve equality between Egyptians ‘in rights and duties with no discrimination’. Article 4 recognises that national unity is based ‘on the principle of equality, justice and equal opportunity between citizens’. Under Article 9, the State has the obligation to ensure ‘equal opportunity for all citizens without discrimination’. Article 11 of the Constitution focuses on the place of women and motherhood as follows” (48). “The State commits to achieving equality between women and men in all civil, political, economic, social, and cultural rights in accordance with the provisions of this Constitution” (48). “Women's right to equality is further...more
Variables: CONST-LAW-1
“The Preamble of the Constitution recognises that the Constitution is being drafted to achieve equality between Egyptians ‘in rights and duties with no discrimination’. Article 4 recognises that national unity is based ‘on the principle of equality, justice and equal opportunity between citizens’. Under Article 9, the State has the obligation to ensure ‘equal opportunity for all citizens without discrimination’. Article 11 of the Constitution focuses on the place of women and motherhood as follows” (48). “The State commits to achieving equality between women and men in all civil, political, economic, social, and cultural rights in accordance with the provisions of this Constitution” (48). “Women's right to equality is further...more
Aug. 20, 2026, 1:56 p.m.
Countries: Egypt
Variables: ATC-DATA-5
“African Charter 20 March 1984 Egypt entered the following reservations upon ratification: “that the application of Article 8 and paragraph 3 of Article 18 should be in the light of Islamic Sharite Law and not to its detriment; and that Egypt interprets the first paragraph of Article 9 as being applicable only to information, the obtaining of which is authorised by Egyptian laws and regulations’ and Maputo Protocol was not ratified” (49).
Variables: ATC-DATA-5
“African Charter 20 March 1984 Egypt entered the following reservations upon ratification: “that the application of Article 8 and paragraph 3 of Article 18 should be in the light of Islamic Sharite Law and not to its detriment; and that Egypt interprets the first paragraph of Article 9 as being applicable only to information, the obtaining of which is authorised by Egyptian laws and regulations’ and Maputo Protocol was not ratified” (49).
Aug. 20, 2026, 1:56 p.m.
Countries: Egypt
Variables: AOM-LAW-1
“Law 126/2008 has set the minimum age of marriage at 18 but does punish perpetrators” (50).
Variables: AOM-LAW-1
“Law 126/2008 has set the minimum age of marriage at 18 but does punish perpetrators” (50).
Aug. 20, 2026, 1:56 p.m.
Countries: Egypt
Variables: ATC-DATA-1
“18 September 1981” (49).
Variables: ATC-DATA-1
“18 September 1981” (49).
Aug. 20, 2026, 1:56 p.m.
Countries: Egypt
Variables: ATC-DATA-3
““In respect of Article 16: Reservation to the text of Article 16 concerning the equality of men and women in all matters relating to marriage and family relations during the marriage and upon its dissolution, without prejudice to the Islamic Sharia’s provisions whereby women are accorded rights equivalent to those of their spouses so as to ensure a just balance between them. This is out of respect for the sacrosanct nature of the firm religious beliefs which govern marital relations in Egypt and which may not be called in question and in view of the fact that one of the most important bases of these relations is an equivalency of...more
Variables: ATC-DATA-3
““In respect of Article 16: Reservation to the text of Article 16 concerning the equality of men and women in all matters relating to marriage and family relations during the marriage and upon its dissolution, without prejudice to the Islamic Sharia’s provisions whereby women are accorded rights equivalent to those of their spouses so as to ensure a just balance between them. This is out of respect for the sacrosanct nature of the firm religious beliefs which govern marital relations in Egypt and which may not be called in question and in view of the fact that one of the most important bases of these relations is an equivalency of...more
Aug. 20, 2026, 1:56 p.m.
Countries: Egypt
Variables: CLCW-PRACTICE-1
“Under Article 6 of the Constitution, any person born to either an Egyptian father or an Egyptian mother can have Egyptian citizenship” (50).
Variables: CLCW-PRACTICE-1
“Under Article 6 of the Constitution, any person born to either an Egyptian father or an Egyptian mother can have Egyptian citizenship” (50).