Countries: Ethiopia
Variables: WR-PRACTICE-1

“Widows have the right to remarry according to the family laws of Ethiopia. Although the family code has put a restriction on women remarrying within one hundred and eighty days (180) of the dissolution of the marriage [by death] on account of avoiding paternity conflicts, this restriction will not apply if the women has given birth after the death of her spouse, or it is proved by medical evidence that the woman is not pregnant” (54).

Countries: Ethiopia
Variables: MARR-LAW-5

"In most countries studied for this Report, there are pluralistic legal systems where statutory laws live side by side with customary and religious laws. Some of them, such as the Democratic Republic of Congo, Ethiopia, Kenya, Mozambique, South Sudan, and The Gambia, protect this legal pluralism through their constitutions. However, countries such as Kenya issue the caveat that these other systems are recognised as long as they are consistent with the Constitution. Countries such as Ethiopia have a plural legal system, religious and customary law is significantly constrained by legislative and constitutional provisions" (8). "Customary marriages are recognised in many countries such as Nigeria and South Sudan, and the registration...more

Countries: Ethiopia
Variables: IAW-LAW-2

“Article 11 of the Revised Family Code 2000 prohibits polygamy, providing that a person shall not conclude marriage as long as he is bound by bonds of a preceding marriage. The Criminal Code of Ethiopia has criminalised polygamous marriages, with the exception of those concluded according to religious orders. The Supreme Court of Ethiopia, Cassation Bench has set a precedent which protects the property rights of the woman in the second marriage to equally divide her husband’s share of property. Ethiopia has entered an interpretive declaration on the provision” (54).

Countries: Ethiopia
Variables: DTCP-LAW-1

"In most countries studied for this Report, there are pluralistic legal systems where statutory laws live side by side with customary and religious laws. Some of them, such as the Democratic Republic of Congo, Ethiopia, Kenya, Mozambique, South Sudan, and The Gambia, protect this legal pluralism through their constitutions. However, countries such as Kenya issue the caveat that these other systems are recognised as long as they are consistent with the Constitution. Countries such as Ethiopia have a plural legal system, religious and customary law is significantly constrained by legislative and constitutional provisions" (8). "Customary marriages are recognised in many countries such as Nigeria and South Sudan, and the registration...more

Countries: Ethiopia
Variables: ATDW-LAW-1

“For instance, rather than dividing matrimonial property by contribution upon divorce – which tends to disenfranchise financially weaker women, the Revised Family Code provides that spouses retain their own personal property during marriage and are entitled to retake said personal property upon divorce. All income, property acquired during marriage, and property donated or bequeathed jointly (Article 62) becomes common property and is divided equally between spouses upon divorce (Article 90). This is a just and equitable approach and avoids the danger of courts failing to recognise women’s non-economic contributions to the household” (54).

Countries: Ethiopia
Variables: ATC-DATA-3

“Socialist Ethiopia does not consider itself bound by paragraph 1 of Article 29148 of the Convention” (53).

Countries: Ethiopia
Variables: ATC-DATA-1

"10 September 1981" (53).

Countries: Afghanistan, Albania, Argentina, Armenia, Australia, Austria, Azerbaijan, Bahamas, Bangladesh, Barbados, Belarus, Belgium, Belize, Benin, Bhutan, Bosnia-Herzegovina, Botswana, Brazil, Brunei, Bulgaria, Burkina Faso, Burma/Myanmar, Burundi, Cambodia, Canada, Cape Verde, Central African Rep, Chad, Chile, China, Colombia, Comoros, Congo, Costa Rica, Cote D'Ivoire, Croatia, Cuba, Cyprus, Czech Republic, D R Congo, Denmark, Djibouti, East Timor, Ecuador, Egypt, El Salvador, Estonia, Ethiopia, Fiji, Finland, France, Gabon, Gambia, Georgia, Germany, Ghana, Greece, Guatemala, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Guyana, Haiti, Honduras, Hungary, Iceland, India, Indonesia, Iran, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Jamaica, Japan, Jordan, Kazakhstan, Kenya, Kosovo, Kyrgyzstan, Laos, Latvia, Lebanon, Lesotho, Liberia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Macedonia, Madagascar, Malawi, Malaysia, Maldives, Mali, Malta, Mauritania, Mauritius, Mexico, Moldova, Mongolia, Montenegro, Morocco, Mozambique, Namibia, Nepal, Netherlands, New Zealand, Nicaragua, Niger, Nigeria, North Korea, Norway, Oman, Pakistan, Panama, Papua New Guinea, Paraguay, Peru, Poland, Portugal, Qatar, Romania, Rwanda, Saudi Arabia, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Singapore, Slovakia, Slovenia, Solomon Islands, Somalia, South Africa, South Korea, South Sudan, Spain, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Suriname, Swaziland, Sweden, Switzerland, Taiwan, Tanzania, Togo, Trinidad/Tobago, Tunisia, Turkey, Turkmenistan, Uganda, Ukraine, United Arab Emirates, United Kingdom, United States, Uruguay, Uzbekistan, Vanuatu, Vietnam, Yemen, Zambia, Zimbabwe
Variables: LRW-LAW-4

Given the following documentation, there is no exoneration in the law allowing an individual accused of rape to have their criminal charges dismissed or overturned by subsequently marrying the victim. However, it should be noted that this only accounts for the legal framework and now what societal pressures may be in practice (ERD - CODER COMMENT).more

Countries: Bahamas, Central African Rep, Chad, Colombia, Cyprus, Denmark, Dominican Republic, Ethiopia, Haiti, India, Iran, Kenya, Lesotho, Luxembourg, Madagascar, Moldova, Mongolia, Namibia, New Zealand, Nigeria, Oman, Slovakia, Suriname, Swaziland, Tajikistan, Thailand, Trinidad/Tobago, United Arab Emirates, United Kingdom, United States
Variables: DV-SCALE-1

3

Countries: Ethiopia
Variables: LRW-PRACTICE-2

"For the survivors, rape remains extremely stigmatizing, and women avoid seeking medical care or disclosing their injuries. Many were told by soldiers they would be killed if they sought help. Of those that did make it to hospitals, a significant proportion are unrecorded: medical notes were destroyed in the conflict, or not kept at all in clinics where health workers were threatened for treating survivors of rape. 'The combined invaders during that period were threatening any healthcare providers assisting such women – any healthcare worker assisting the survivors in any way was assumed a traitor. So there was an attempt to hide scared survivors, Abraha [Dr Abraha Gebreegziabher, head of...more

Countries: Ethiopia
Variables: DACH-PRACTICE-1

"When the war broke out, Dr Abraha Gebreegziabher was the head of pediatrics at Tigray’s largest hospital, Ayder in Mekelle. Abraha began working with colleagues in gynaecology and obstetrics as women and children who had been raped by Ethiopian and Eritrean forces began to arrive. The first were a group of six girls – all under 18, he says. 'That was very painful.' When they detected their first case of a woman with objects inserted into her womb, Abraha says staff were shocked. 'To us, it was a very painful new phenomenon: we had never heard of this gang-rape and insertion of foreign bodies into women,' he says. 'Even witnessing...more

Countries: Ethiopia
Variables: LRW-DATA-1

"For two years, Tseneat [Ethiopian woman] carried her rape inside her. The agony never faded. It attacked her from the inside out. The remnants of the attack stayed in Tseneat’s womb – not as a memory or metaphor, but a set of physical objects: Eight rusted screws. A steel pair of nail clippers. A note, written in ballpoint pen and wrapped in plastic. 'Sons of Eritrea, we are brave,' the note reads. 'We have committed ourselves to this, and we will continue doing it. We will make Tigrayan females infertile.' The objects, revealed by X-ray and surgically extracted by doctors more than two years later, were forced inside Tseneat as...more

Countries: Ethiopia
Variables: LRW-PRACTICE-1

"Hana, 21, was abducted from home by 10 Eritrean soldiers and held for four days at a military base. Approximately 60 women were being held, she says, and she has no idea if they survived. 'They first locked me in a room. Then, over four days, I was raped repeatedly. At the end, they poured acid on my head. I woke up on the road. The Eritrean soldiers had dumped me there, like I was nothing.' The acid burned through her hair and skin, eating away a thick layer of flesh across her scalp. Now, a mottled, tight layer of scar tissue covers her head, causing constant pain. 'I can’t...more

Countries: Albania, Armenia, Bahamas, Belarus, Belize, Bhutan, Bolivia, Bosnia-Herzegovina, Brazil, Bulgaria, Cambodia, Canada, Cape Verde, China, Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba, Cyprus, Dominican Republic, East Timor, Ecuador, El Salvador, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Fiji, Finland, France, Greece, Guyana, Honduras, Italy, Jamaica, Japan, Kazakhstan, Laos, Lithuania, Macedonia, Malta, Mauritius, Moldova, Mongolia, Montenegro, Netherlands, Nicaragua, Panama, Peru, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, South Korea, Spain, Thailand, Turkey, United Kingdom, United States, Uruguay, Venezuela, Vietnam
Variables: LO-SCALE-3

1

Countries: Albania, Algeria, Argentina, Armenia, Bahamas, Bahrain, Bangladesh, Belarus, Belize, Bhutan, Bolivia, Bosnia-Herzegovina, Brazil, Brunei, Bulgaria, Burma/Myanmar, Cambodia, Canada, Cape Verde, China, Colombia, Congo, Costa Rica, Cuba, Cyprus, Djibouti, Dominican Republic, East Timor, Ecuador, El Salvador, Equatorial Guinea, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Fiji, Finland, France, Greece, Guyana, Haiti, Honduras, Indonesia, Iran, Iraq, Israel, Italy, Jamaica, Japan, Kazakhstan, Kuwait, Laos, Libya, Lithuania, Macedonia, Malaysia, Maldives, Malta, Mauritania, Mauritius, Moldova, Mongolia, Montenegro, Morocco, Netherlands, Nicaragua, North Korea, Oman, Pakistan, Panama, Papua New Guinea, Peru, Philippines, Qatar, Romania, Russia, Rwanda, Singapore, Slovakia, Slovenia, Somalia, South Korea, Spain, Taiwan, Tanzania, Thailand, Togo, Turkey, United Arab Emirates, United Kingdom, United States, Uruguay, Venezuela, Vietnam, Yemen
Variables: LO-SCALE-1

1