Countries: Finland
Variables: GIC-LAW-3

"Even with some of the world’s most generous family benefits, Finland and its neighbors continue to see declining birth rates. That's despite the Nordic region's reputation for providing paid time off for both mothers and fathers, along with childcare and other support. (para 10-12). "Both mothers and fathers receive government-subsidized parental leave through [Kela Finland's taxpayer-funded social insurance agency], low-cost childcare and national healthcare" (para 17).

Countries: Finland
Variables: BR-PRACTICE-1

"Kela's [Finland's taxpayer-funded social insurance agency] research manager, Anneli Miettinen, says historically, leaders of the Nordic countries — Finland, along with Denmark, Iceland, Norway and Sweden — thought these [generous family] policies were helping to support relatively stable birth rates. 'So we cannot really any longer say that it's our good family policies that explain good fertility in the Nordics,' she said. Births have fallen across the region, with Finland's falling to the lowest rate among the five nations — down by a third since 2010" (para 20). Historically, Nordic countries have believed that their publicly funded benefits have explained their fertility rate, but since the rate has dropped significantly,...more

Countries: Finland
Variables: ABO-LAW-1

The Center for Reproductive Rights states that Finland's laws permit abortion on request, with a 12 week gestational limit.

Countries: Finland
Variables: ABO-LAW-1

"The new legislation, which should come into force from the start of next year, will allow women seeking an abortion to obtain an opinion from just one doctor instead of the two reasons and approval currently needed by two. On top of that, the new legislation will also allow women to terminate their pregnancies up to the twelfth week" (Para 3-4).

Countries: Algeria, Argentina, Armenia, Australia, Austria, Azerbaijan, Bahamas, Bahrain, Bangladesh, Barbados, Belarus, Belgium, Belize, Bhutan, Bolivia, Bosnia-Herzegovina, Botswana, Brazil, Brunei, Bulgaria, Burkina Faso, Burundi, Cambodia, Canada, Cape Verde, Chile, Colombia, Comoros, Costa Rica, Croatia, Cuba, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Djibouti, Dominican Republic, East Timor, Ecuador, Egypt, El Salvador, Equatorial Guinea, Estonia, Ethiopia, Fiji, Finland, France, Gabon, Gambia, Georgia, Ghana, Greece, Guatemala, Guyana, Honduras, Hungary, Iceland, India, Indonesia, Iran, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Jamaica, Japan, Jordan, Kazakhstan, Kenya, Kosovo, Kuwait, Kyrgyzstan, Latvia, Lebanon, Lesotho, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Macedonia, Madagascar, Malaysia, Maldives, Malta, Mauritania, Mauritius, Mexico, Moldova, Mongolia, Montenegro, Morocco, Namibia, Nepal, Netherlands, New Zealand, Nicaragua, Nigeria, Norway, Oman, Palestine, Panama, Papua New Guinea, Paraguay, Peru, Philippines, Poland, Portugal, Qatar, Romania, Russia, Rwanda, Saudi Arabia, Senegal, Serbia, Sierra Leone, Singapore, Slovakia, Slovenia, South Africa, South Korea, Spain, Sri Lanka, Suriname, Swaziland, Sweden, Switzerland, Syria, Tajikistan, Tanzania, Thailand, Trinidad/Tobago, Turkey, Turkmenistan, Uganda, Ukraine, United Arab Emirates, United Kingdom, United States, Uruguay, Uzbekistan, Vanuatu, Venezuela, Vietnam, Zambia, Zimbabwe
Variables: AFE-SCALE-1

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Countries: Finland
Variables: NGOFW-PRACTICE-1

"In Finland, support services for survivors of violence are predominantly provided by non-governmental organizations. Funding of services has been gravely inadequate. Services provided by NGO’s are mainly funded through the gaming revenue of Veikkaus , a state-owned company operating slot machines and gambling. Funding is distributed through the Funding Centre for Social Welfare and Health Organizations (STEA) where non-profit organizations can apply for grants. Based on applications, STEA prepares a funding proposal to the Ministry of Social Affairs and Health, which makes the final decisions" (8).

Countries: Finland
Variables: LRW-PRACTICE-2

"Annually around 50,000 women in Finland experience sexual violence. However, only around 1,500 sexual crimes against adult women are reported to the police. Less than 10% of all rapes are reported to the police and of those reported, around 30% result in a trial. There are currently eight Sexual Assault Support Centres in operation, while the recommended number is 13. The centres assist victims aged 16 and over, and whose experience of sexual violence has occurred within the last one month" (6). "The HRC [Human Rights Committee] also noted the insufficient number of shelters and rape crisis centres, especially in remote rural areas" (6). "In Finland, support services for survivors...more

Countries: Finland
Variables: LRW-DATA-1

"Annually around 50,000 women in Finland experience sexual violence. However, only around 1,500 sexual crimes against adult women are reported to the police" (6).

Countries: Finland
Variables: DV-PRACTICE-1

"In Finland, mediation is covered by the Act on Conciliation in Criminal and Certain Civil Cases. The Act requires voluntary consent by both parties and restricts mediation in cases of intimate partner violence: only prosecutors or the police may initiate it. In 90% of the mediated cases the referral was made by police. Latest statistics from 2019 reveal that 18% of all cases mediated were domestic violence (2284 cases). According to a 2019 evaluation study on mediation practices by the Finnish Institute of Health and Welfare (THL), 88% of mediated domestic violence cases were intimate partner violence. In the same year, the police recorded 5,700 cases of intimate partner violence....more

Countries: Finland
Variables: DV-DATA-1

"Prevalence of violence against women in Finland is one of the highest in Europe. According to the national crime victim survey (2019), around 100,000 women had experienced physical or sexual violence by their partner or ex-partner in the preceding 12 months. The Covid-19 pandemic has resulted in an increase in violence against women. Currently available statistical data from 2020 indicates that intimate partner violence reported to the police increased by 6%, although violence perpetrated by ex-partners dropped by 34%, compared to 2019. The Federation of Mother and Child Homes and Shelters reported that during 2020 people using their online services grew by 11%. The number of individuals seeking conversations with...more

Countries: Finland
Variables: CWC-DATA-2

"The HRC [Human Rights Committee] also noted the insufficient number of shelters and rape crisis centres, especially in remote rural areas" (6).

Countries: Belgium, Colombia, Costa Rica, Denmark, Ecuador, Estonia, Finland, Luxembourg, Mali, Malta, Switzerland
Variables: IRP-SCALE-1

13

Countries: Finland
Variables: IAW-PRACTICE-1

“The position of the surviving spouse in Finland has improved considerably after the inheritance act has been adjusted. In Finland, the spouses position is substantially influenced by the fact that if the deceased does not have any heirs belonging to parental, then the surviving spouse inherits the deceased entirely. The advanced legislation makes it easier for the surviving spouse to continue living after the death of a spouse, and will not be forced to abandon the jointly owned property” (36). “One of the biggest issue that weakens the surviving spouses position is that the surviving spouse can be completely displaced by will from a heirs position and there is no...more

Countries: Finland
Variables: TRAFF-DATA-1

"Likewise, countries including Bangladesh, Botswana, Finland, Iceland, North Macedonia, and Uganda engaged survivors in national anti-trafficking planning efforts within the past two years" (17). According to the U.S. State Department's 2023 TIP report, Finland ranks as a Tier 1 country (85). The report stated that although the government meets the minimum standards, authorities continued to use laws against pandering, discrimination, and usury, among others, to investigate and prosecute some suspected traffickers, which weakened deterrence, did not adequately reflect the nature of the crime, and undercut broader efforts to fight trafficking. It also noted that some foreign workers, including seasonal workers, continued to be defined by the law and employers as...more

Countries: Finland
Variables: DV-DATA-1

According to 2022 data from the WHO's Global Health Observatory, the proportion of ever-partnered women and girls (aged 15-49) in Finland who have been subjected to physical and/or sexual violence by a current or former intimate partner in their lifetime is 23 percent (KMM-CODER COMMENT).