Latest items for France
Feb. 19, 2023, 1:45 p.m.
Countries: Brazil, France, Netherlands, Spain
Variables: LRCM-DATA-2
“...have become a popular destinations for those who practice incest to move to” (under the heading Permissive Governments and Havens for Consensual Incest).
Variables: LRCM-DATA-2
“...have become a popular destinations for those who practice incest to move to” (under the heading Permissive Governments and Havens for Consensual Incest).
Feb. 19, 2023, 1:44 p.m.
Countries: Brazil, France, Netherlands, Spain
Variables: LRCM-PRACTICE-2
“...have become a popular destinations for those who practice incest to move to” (under the heading Permissive Governments and Havens for Consensual Incest).
Variables: LRCM-PRACTICE-2
“...have become a popular destinations for those who practice incest to move to” (under the heading Permissive Governments and Havens for Consensual Incest).
Feb. 19, 2023, 1:40 p.m.
Countries: Belgium, Brazil, Bulgaria, Czech Republic, France, Hungary, India, Israel, Japan, Netherlands, Portugal, Romania, Russia
Variables: LRCM-DATA-2
“...consensual Incestuous Families have for long, favored these countries as places to meet up with others who practice the same” (under the heading: Permissive Governments and Havens for Consensual Incest).
Variables: LRCM-DATA-2
“...consensual Incestuous Families have for long, favored these countries as places to meet up with others who practice the same” (under the heading: Permissive Governments and Havens for Consensual Incest).
Feb. 19, 2023, 1:39 p.m.
Countries: Belgium, Brazil, Bulgaria, Czech Republic, France, Hungary, India, Israel, Japan, Netherlands, Portugal, Romania, Russia
Variables: LRCM-PRACTICE-2
“...consensual Incestuous Families have for long, favored these countries as places to meet up with others who practice the same” (under the heading: Permissive Governments and Havens for Consensual Incest).
Variables: LRCM-PRACTICE-2
“...consensual Incestuous Families have for long, favored these countries as places to meet up with others who practice the same” (under the heading: Permissive Governments and Havens for Consensual Incest).
Jan. 16, 2023, 10:17 a.m.
Countries: France
Variables: ABO-LAW-1
The table titled "Almost 7/10 Italian Doctors Refuse to Carry out Abortions," shows that France currently provides the right to conscientious objection over abortion, according to the WHO's 2018 Global Abortion Policies Database (para 14).
Variables: ABO-LAW-1
The table titled "Almost 7/10 Italian Doctors Refuse to Carry out Abortions," shows that France currently provides the right to conscientious objection over abortion, according to the WHO's 2018 Global Abortion Policies Database (para 14).
Jan. 15, 2023, 11:31 p.m.
Countries: France
Variables: DACH-PRACTICE-1, DACH-PRACTICE-2, RISW-PRACTICE-1
"French President Emmanuel Macron said Thursday [December 8, 2022] that condoms would be made available for free in pharmacies for 18- to 25-year-olds in a bid to reduce unwanted pregnancies among young people. 'It's a small revolution for contraception,' Macron said during a health debate with young people in Fontaine-le-Comte, a suburb of Poitiers in western France. The move comes after the government began offering this year free birth control for all women under 25, expanding a scheme targeting under-18s to ensure young women do not stop taking contraception because they cannot afford it. Condoms are already reimbursed by the national healthcare system if prescribed by a doctor or midwife,...more
Variables: DACH-PRACTICE-1, DACH-PRACTICE-2, RISW-PRACTICE-1
"French President Emmanuel Macron said Thursday [December 8, 2022] that condoms would be made available for free in pharmacies for 18- to 25-year-olds in a bid to reduce unwanted pregnancies among young people. 'It's a small revolution for contraception,' Macron said during a health debate with young people in Fontaine-le-Comte, a suburb of Poitiers in western France. The move comes after the government began offering this year free birth control for all women under 25, expanding a scheme targeting under-18s to ensure young women do not stop taking contraception because they cannot afford it. Condoms are already reimbursed by the national healthcare system if prescribed by a doctor or midwife,...more
Jan. 15, 2023, 11:31 p.m.
Countries: France
Variables: SEGI-PRACTICE-1
"French President Emmanuel Macron said Thursday [December 8, 2022] that condoms would be made available for free in pharmacies for 18- to 25-year-olds in a bid to reduce unwanted pregnancies among young people. 'It's a small revolution for contraception,' Macron said during a health debate with young people...On sexual education overall, 'we are not very good on this subject. The reality is very, very different from the theory. It's an area where we need to much better educate our teachers', Macron said" (para 1-2, 5).
Variables: SEGI-PRACTICE-1
"French President Emmanuel Macron said Thursday [December 8, 2022] that condoms would be made available for free in pharmacies for 18- to 25-year-olds in a bid to reduce unwanted pregnancies among young people. 'It's a small revolution for contraception,' Macron said during a health debate with young people...On sexual education overall, 'we are not very good on this subject. The reality is very, very different from the theory. It's an area where we need to much better educate our teachers', Macron said" (para 1-2, 5).
Jan. 15, 2023, 11:31 p.m.
Countries: France
Variables: ISTD-PRACTICE-1
"Condoms are already reimbursed by the national healthcare system if prescribed by a doctor or midwife, a measure intended to fight the spread of AIDS and other sexually transmitted diseases" (para 4).
Variables: ISTD-PRACTICE-1
"Condoms are already reimbursed by the national healthcare system if prescribed by a doctor or midwife, a measure intended to fight the spread of AIDS and other sexually transmitted diseases" (para 4).
Jan. 13, 2023, 3:26 p.m.
Countries: France
Variables: LRW-LAW-1
"The accused, who has not been named, admitted having sex with the secondary school pupil in 2017 after meeting her in a park. He was 28 at the time and insisted the girl had consented. Late on Friday, the man was found guilty of raping a minor and given an eight-year prison sentence. At an earlier trial almost five years ago, there was public outrage after a charge of rape was reduced to sexual assault. The subsequent political row led to a minimum age of consent of 15 being established in France in April last year." (para 2-4). "Until then, French law had required an accuser under the age of...more
Variables: LRW-LAW-1
"The accused, who has not been named, admitted having sex with the secondary school pupil in 2017 after meeting her in a park. He was 28 at the time and insisted the girl had consented. Late on Friday, the man was found guilty of raping a minor and given an eight-year prison sentence. At an earlier trial almost five years ago, there was public outrage after a charge of rape was reduced to sexual assault. The subsequent political row led to a minimum age of consent of 15 being established in France in April last year." (para 2-4). "Until then, French law had required an accuser under the age of...more
Jan. 13, 2023, 3:26 p.m.
Countries: France
Variables: LRW-PRACTICE-1
"According to the indictment, the man first spoke to the girl in a park near the entrance to her school in Montmagny, in the Val-d’Oise north of Paris, in April 2017. A few days later they met again and he suggested he 'teach her to kiss … and more', then invited her back to his apartment nearby. The girl did not refuse and followed him. The girl then went to the man’s apartment two floors below where 'penetration without violence' took place. Afterwards, the girl said, he told her not to say anything about what happened but she immediately called her mother to say she had been raped. Under police...more
Variables: LRW-PRACTICE-1
"According to the indictment, the man first spoke to the girl in a park near the entrance to her school in Montmagny, in the Val-d’Oise north of Paris, in April 2017. A few days later they met again and he suggested he 'teach her to kiss … and more', then invited her back to his apartment nearby. The girl did not refuse and followed him. The girl then went to the man’s apartment two floors below where 'penetration without violence' took place. Afterwards, the girl said, he told her not to say anything about what happened but she immediately called her mother to say she had been raped. Under police...more
Jan. 13, 2023, 3:26 p.m.
Countries: France
Variables: LRW-PRACTICE-2
"According to the indictment, the man first spoke to the girl in a park near the entrance to her school in Montmagny, in the Val-d’Oise north of Paris, in April 2017. A few days later they met again and he suggested he 'teach her to kiss … and more', then invited her back to his apartment nearby. The girl did not refuse and followed him. The girl then went to the man’s apartment two floors below where 'penetration without violence' took place. Afterwards, the girl said, he told her not to say anything about what happened but she immediately called her mother to say she had been raped. Under police...more
Variables: LRW-PRACTICE-2
"According to the indictment, the man first spoke to the girl in a park near the entrance to her school in Montmagny, in the Val-d’Oise north of Paris, in April 2017. A few days later they met again and he suggested he 'teach her to kiss … and more', then invited her back to his apartment nearby. The girl did not refuse and followed him. The girl then went to the man’s apartment two floors below where 'penetration without violence' took place. Afterwards, the girl said, he told her not to say anything about what happened but she immediately called her mother to say she had been raped. Under police...more
Jan. 13, 2023, 3:26 p.m.
Countries: France
Variables: RISW-PRACTICE-1
"At an earlier trial almost five years ago, there was public outrage after a charge of rape was reduced to sexual assault. The subsequent political row led to a minimum age of consent of 15 being established in France in April last year" (para 4).
Variables: RISW-PRACTICE-1
"At an earlier trial almost five years ago, there was public outrage after a charge of rape was reduced to sexual assault. The subsequent political row led to a minimum age of consent of 15 being established in France in April last year" (para 4).
Jan. 13, 2023, 3:26 p.m.
Countries: France
Variables: LRW-LAW-2
"Until then, French law had required an accuser under the age of 15 to show there was 'violence, constraint, threat or surprise', in the absence of which investigators classified the incident as the lesser offence of sexual abuse. Now the law deems sex with anyone under the age of 15 as automatically non-consensual, and therefore rape." (para 5)(NF - CODER COMMENT - Prior to this case, rape had to be proven by the victim and had to fit a certain criteria. Thus, in some cases the law did not view what had occured as statuatory rape, but instead a less charge such as sexual abuse).
Variables: LRW-LAW-2
"Until then, French law had required an accuser under the age of 15 to show there was 'violence, constraint, threat or surprise', in the absence of which investigators classified the incident as the lesser offence of sexual abuse. Now the law deems sex with anyone under the age of 15 as automatically non-consensual, and therefore rape." (para 5)(NF - CODER COMMENT - Prior to this case, rape had to be proven by the victim and had to fit a certain criteria. Thus, in some cases the law did not view what had occured as statuatory rape, but instead a less charge such as sexual abuse).
Jan. 9, 2023, 9:34 a.m.
Countries: France
Variables: LO-LAW-1, IAW-LAW-1, CONST-LAW-1
"The constitution and law provide for the same legal status and rights for women as for men, including under family, religious, personal status, labor, employment, property, nationality, and inheritance laws, access to credit, and owning or managing businesses or property in line with the Women’s Global Development and Prosperity Initiative" (29).
Variables: LO-LAW-1, IAW-LAW-1, CONST-LAW-1
"The constitution and law provide for the same legal status and rights for women as for men, including under family, religious, personal status, labor, employment, property, nationality, and inheritance laws, access to credit, and owning or managing businesses or property in line with the Women’s Global Development and Prosperity Initiative" (29).
Jan. 9, 2023, 9:29 a.m.
Countries: France
Variables: IAD-PRACTICE-1
"Generally, there are no customary, religious, or traditional practices or laws that discriminate againstdaughters and female surviving spouses’ legal rights to inherit, although there are some exceptions in France’s overseas territories" (4).
Variables: IAD-PRACTICE-1
"Generally, there are no customary, religious, or traditional practices or laws that discriminate againstdaughters and female surviving spouses’ legal rights to inherit, although there are some exceptions in France’s overseas territories" (4).
Jan. 9, 2023, 9:29 a.m.
Countries: France
Variables: LO-LAW-1
"The law provides for equal rights for women to own, use, make decision and use land and non-land assets as collateral (Civil Code, Articles 1401-1403, 1421, Article 544). Article 225 of the Civil Code allows both spouses to administer their personal assets and property (FAO Gender and Land Rights Database, Cadre Juridique National). The default marital regime is partial community of property (Civil Code, Article 1400) and both partners must agree in the administration of marital property (Civil Code, Articles 1422, 1424, and 1425)" (8). "Married and unmarried women have equal rights as men to open a bank account and obtain credit at a formal institution (Civil Code, Article 221)"...more
Variables: LO-LAW-1
"The law provides for equal rights for women to own, use, make decision and use land and non-land assets as collateral (Civil Code, Articles 1401-1403, 1421, Article 544). Article 225 of the Civil Code allows both spouses to administer their personal assets and property (FAO Gender and Land Rights Database, Cadre Juridique National). The default marital regime is partial community of property (Civil Code, Article 1400) and both partners must agree in the administration of marital property (Civil Code, Articles 1422, 1424, and 1425)" (8). "Married and unmarried women have equal rights as men to open a bank account and obtain credit at a formal institution (Civil Code, Article 221)"...more
Jan. 9, 2023, 9:29 a.m.
Countries: France
Variables: IAW-PRACTICE-1
"Generally, there are no customary, religious, or traditional practices or laws that discriminate against daughters and female surviving spouses’ legal rights to inherit, although there are some exceptions in France’s overseas territories" (4).
Variables: IAW-PRACTICE-1
"Generally, there are no customary, religious, or traditional practices or laws that discriminate against daughters and female surviving spouses’ legal rights to inherit, although there are some exceptions in France’s overseas territories" (4).
Jan. 9, 2023, 9:29 a.m.
Countries: France
Variables: ATDW-LAW-1
"After the divorce, if the parties do not agree on a method of distributing property, the default option is that the assets of both parties that were acquired during the marriage are the property of both and will be split equally (Civil Code, Article 1400). If one party is disadvantaged by any post-divorce financial disparity, that party may claim a compensatory allowance, set and enforced by the court" (3)
Variables: ATDW-LAW-1
"After the divorce, if the parties do not agree on a method of distributing property, the default option is that the assets of both parties that were acquired during the marriage are the property of both and will be split equally (Civil Code, Article 1400). If one party is disadvantaged by any post-divorce financial disparity, that party may claim a compensatory allowance, set and enforced by the court" (3)
Jan. 9, 2023, 9:29 a.m.
Countries: France
Variables: IAW-LAW-1, IAD-LAW-1
"Daughters and female surviving spouses have the same rights as men to inherit land and non-land assets (Civil Code, Articles 735, 756, and 757). Women also have equal rights to execute or administer a will (Civil Code, Article 724). In metropolitan France, disinheritance of the surviving spouse is prohibited by law (French Civil Code, Chapter 3), although a defined proportion of the estate (reserve legale) must be given to specified categories of heirs: firstly, to the children, and if no children, the surviving spouse. More specifically, in the presence of children (or grand-children) the surviving married spouse receives a minimum of 1/4 of the freehold of their deceased’s estate. If...more
Variables: IAW-LAW-1, IAD-LAW-1
"Daughters and female surviving spouses have the same rights as men to inherit land and non-land assets (Civil Code, Articles 735, 756, and 757). Women also have equal rights to execute or administer a will (Civil Code, Article 724). In metropolitan France, disinheritance of the surviving spouse is prohibited by law (French Civil Code, Chapter 3), although a defined proportion of the estate (reserve legale) must be given to specified categories of heirs: firstly, to the children, and if no children, the surviving spouse. More specifically, in the presence of children (or grand-children) the surviving married spouse receives a minimum of 1/4 of the freehold of their deceased’s estate. If...more
Dec. 29, 2022, 11:45 a.m.
Countries: France
Variables: RCDW-LAW-1
"A French administrative court has suspended the city of Grenoble's decision to allow body-covering 'burkini' bathing suits for women in municipal pools, Interior Minister Gerald Darmanin said on his Twitter feed...Darmanin said the court ruling was based on the 2021 'separatism' law voted during President Emmanuel Macron's first term, which allows the suspension of measures that would 'undermine secularism and the neutrality of public services'" (para 1, 5). "Far-right party leader Marine Le Pen - who came second after Macron in presidential elections in April and hopes to defeat Macron's centrist party at parliament elections in June - has said she wants to introduce a law banning burkinis in municipal...more
Variables: RCDW-LAW-1
"A French administrative court has suspended the city of Grenoble's decision to allow body-covering 'burkini' bathing suits for women in municipal pools, Interior Minister Gerald Darmanin said on his Twitter feed...Darmanin said the court ruling was based on the 2021 'separatism' law voted during President Emmanuel Macron's first term, which allows the suspension of measures that would 'undermine secularism and the neutrality of public services'" (para 1, 5). "Far-right party leader Marine Le Pen - who came second after Macron in presidential elections in April and hopes to defeat Macron's centrist party at parliament elections in June - has said she wants to introduce a law banning burkinis in municipal...more
Dec. 29, 2022, 11:45 a.m.
Countries: France
Variables: RCDW-PRACTICE-2
"Headscarves are common apparel for many Muslim women, and Le Pen's opposition to the garment has encapsulated what her critics say makes her dangerous to French unity and the reason why she lost the election" (para 12).
Variables: RCDW-PRACTICE-2
"Headscarves are common apparel for many Muslim women, and Le Pen's opposition to the garment has encapsulated what her critics say makes her dangerous to French unity and the reason why she lost the election" (para 12).
Dec. 29, 2022, 11:45 a.m.
Countries: France
Variables: RCDW-LAW-2
"France, which has the largest Muslim minority in Europe, estimated at 5 million, in 2010 introduced a ban on full-face niqab and burqa veils in public" (para 8).
Variables: RCDW-LAW-2
"France, which has the largest Muslim minority in Europe, estimated at 5 million, in 2010 introduced a ban on full-face niqab and burqa veils in public" (para 8).
Dec. 29, 2022, 11:45 a.m.
Countries: France
Variables: RCDW-PRACTICE-1
"Muslim rights organisations in France have said that bans on burkinis - which leave only the face, hands and feet exposed - restrict fundamental liberties and discriminate against Muslim women" (para 7). This opinion indicates that Muslim women are customarily expected to adhere to conservative dress codes in which most of the body is covered (KMM-CODER COMMENT).
Variables: RCDW-PRACTICE-1
"Muslim rights organisations in France have said that bans on burkinis - which leave only the face, hands and feet exposed - restrict fundamental liberties and discriminate against Muslim women" (para 7). This opinion indicates that Muslim women are customarily expected to adhere to conservative dress codes in which most of the body is covered (KMM-CODER COMMENT).
Dec. 8, 2022, 11:47 p.m.
Countries: Armenia, Austria, Azerbaijan, Belgium, Belize, Bhutan, Bolivia, Burundi, Cambodia, Cameroon, Cape Verde, Chile, Colombia, Croatia, Czech Republic, Equatorial Guinea, Fiji, Finland, France, Gabon, Gambia, Germany, Greece, Guinea-Bissau, Guyana, Kyrgyzstan, Laos, Luxembourg, Mali, Mexico, Moldova, Mongolia, New Zealand, Nicaragua, Norway, Paraguay, Peru, Philippines, Poland, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Suriname, Ukraine
Variables: MULTIVAR-SCALE-5
1.0
Variables: MULTIVAR-SCALE-5
1.0
Dec. 8, 2022, 11:45 p.m.
Countries: Argentina, Austria, Bahamas, Barbados, Bulgaria, Cape Verde, Chile, Czech Republic, El Salvador, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Guatemala, Honduras, Luxembourg, North Korea
Variables: CONST-SCALE-1
1.0
Variables: CONST-SCALE-1
1.0
Dec. 8, 2022, 11:44 p.m.
Countries: Austria, Bahrain, Bangladesh, Belarus, Bhutan, Bosnia-Herzegovina, Burma/Myanmar, Burundi, Canada, Cape Verde, Chile, China, Costa Rica, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Egypt, Finland, France, Gambia, Georgia, Germany, Greece, Guyana, Honduras, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Kenya, Kosovo, Laos, Lesotho, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Macedonia, Maldives, Moldova, Montenegro, Namibia, Netherlands, Philippines, Portugal, Russia, Rwanda, Senegal, Serbia, Solomon Islands, Somalia, South Africa, South Korea, Spain, Suriname, Swaziland, Sweden, Tajikistan, Thailand, Trinidad/Tobago, Tunisia, Turkey, Turkmenistan, United Arab Emirates, United Kingdom, United States, Uruguay, Vanuatu, Vietnam
Variables: ATC-SCALE-2
0.0
Variables: ATC-SCALE-2
0.0
Dec. 8, 2022, 11:42 p.m.
Countries: Angola, Armenia, Austria, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Belgium, Belize, Benin, Bolivia, Bosnia-Herzegovina, Botswana, Bulgaria, Burkina Faso, Cambodia, Cameroon, Canada, Cape Verde, Central African Rep, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Cote D'Ivoire, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Dominican Republic, East Timor, Ecuador, Equatorial Guinea, Finland, France, Gabon, Georgia, Germany, Ghana, Greece, Guatemala, Guinea-Bissau, Hungary, Iceland, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Macedonia, Mali, Mexico, Mongolia, Montenegro, Nepal, New Zealand, Nicaragua, Norway, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Russia, Senegal, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Solomon Islands, Sri Lanka, Sweden, Tajikistan, Tanzania, Tunisia, Turkmenistan, Ukraine, Uruguay, Vanuatu
Variables: ATC-SCALE-1
0.0
Variables: ATC-SCALE-1
0.0
Dec. 8, 2022, 6:04 p.m.
Countries: France
Variables: ATC-DATA-6
"On 30 November 2016, CICID participants approved the adoption of a new strategy which was launched in March 2018. They also enacted the evaluation of gender mainstreaming by the HCE in order to strengthen France’s commitment in this area. Thus, the new International Strategy on Gender Equality 2018– 2022 aims to devote greater means and efforts to better integrate gender-based issues in France’s external action around the globe (development cooperation; economics, diplomacy, cultural and educational challenges; ensuring human resources commitments in terms of gender parity and professional equality)" (12). "The lines of action specified in France’s International Strategy on Gender Equality 2018–2022 aim to devote greater means and efforts to...more
Variables: ATC-DATA-6
"On 30 November 2016, CICID participants approved the adoption of a new strategy which was launched in March 2018. They also enacted the evaluation of gender mainstreaming by the HCE in order to strengthen France’s commitment in this area. Thus, the new International Strategy on Gender Equality 2018– 2022 aims to devote greater means and efforts to better integrate gender-based issues in France’s external action around the globe (development cooperation; economics, diplomacy, cultural and educational challenges; ensuring human resources commitments in terms of gender parity and professional equality)" (12). "The lines of action specified in France’s International Strategy on Gender Equality 2018–2022 aim to devote greater means and efforts to...more
Dec. 5, 2022, noon
Countries: France
Variables: ATC-DATA-6
"On 30 November 2016, CICID participants approved the adoption of a new strategy which was launched in March 2018. They also enacted the evaluation of gender mainstreaming by the HCE in order to strengthen France’s commitment in this area. Thus, the new International Strategy on Gender Equality 2018– 2022 aims to devote greater means and efforts to better integrate gender-based issues in France’s external action around the globe (development cooperation; economics, diplomacy, cultural and educational challenges; ensuring human resources commitments in terms of gender parity and professional equality)" (12). "The lines of action specified in France’s International Strategy on Gender Equality 2018–2022 aim to devote greater means and efforts to...more
Variables: ATC-DATA-6
"On 30 November 2016, CICID participants approved the adoption of a new strategy which was launched in March 2018. They also enacted the evaluation of gender mainstreaming by the HCE in order to strengthen France’s commitment in this area. Thus, the new International Strategy on Gender Equality 2018– 2022 aims to devote greater means and efforts to better integrate gender-based issues in France’s external action around the globe (development cooperation; economics, diplomacy, cultural and educational challenges; ensuring human resources commitments in terms of gender parity and professional equality)" (12). "The lines of action specified in France’s International Strategy on Gender Equality 2018–2022 aim to devote greater means and efforts to...more
Sept. 3, 2022, 8:12 p.m.
Countries: France
Variables: GP-DATA-1
"French President Emmanuel Macron on Monday picked Labour Minister Elisabeth Borne as his new prime minister as he prepares for legislative elections in June, the second time in 30 years that a woman has been appointed to the job." (1) "Borne, 61, will be the first woman named as prime minister since Edith Cresson briefly occupied the office during the presidency of Socialist leader Francois Mitterrand in the early 1990s." (5) "As transport minister in 2017, she held out against weeks of strikes and demonstrations to end a generous pension and benefits system for SNCF railway workers." (13)
Variables: GP-DATA-1
"French President Emmanuel Macron on Monday picked Labour Minister Elisabeth Borne as his new prime minister as he prepares for legislative elections in June, the second time in 30 years that a woman has been appointed to the job." (1) "Borne, 61, will be the first woman named as prime minister since Edith Cresson briefly occupied the office during the presidency of Socialist leader Francois Mitterrand in the early 1990s." (5) "As transport minister in 2017, she held out against weeks of strikes and demonstrations to end a generous pension and benefits system for SNCF railway workers." (13)