Latest items for France
Aug. 10, 2023, 3:25 p.m.
Countries: France
Variables: IAD-LAW-1
"Children or their descendants succeed to their father and mother or other ascendants, without distinction of sex or primogeniture, even where born of different unions" (735). The most recent laws noted in the WomanStats Database (since 2013) relating to inheritance are still current as of December 2022 and no changes have been made, as verified by consulting The Women, Business, and the Law database for 2022 (JLR-CODER COMMENT).
Variables: IAD-LAW-1
"Children or their descendants succeed to their father and mother or other ascendants, without distinction of sex or primogeniture, even where born of different unions" (735). The most recent laws noted in the WomanStats Database (since 2013) relating to inheritance are still current as of December 2022 and no changes have been made, as verified by consulting The Women, Business, and the Law database for 2022 (JLR-CODER COMMENT).
Aug. 10, 2023, 3:23 p.m.
Countries: France
Variables: IAW-LAW-1
"A spouse who is called to the succession is called to it either alone or together with the relatives of the deceased. If a spouse dies leaving children or descendants, the surviving spouse receives, at his choice, either the usufruct of the whole of the existing assets or the ownership of one quarter of the assets when all the children are the issue of both spouses and the ownership of the quarter in the presence of one or more children who are not issue of both spouses" (756-757). The most recent laws noted in the WomanStats Database (since 2013) relating to inheritance are still current as of December 2022 and...more
Variables: IAW-LAW-1
"A spouse who is called to the succession is called to it either alone or together with the relatives of the deceased. If a spouse dies leaving children or descendants, the surviving spouse receives, at his choice, either the usufruct of the whole of the existing assets or the ownership of one quarter of the assets when all the children are the issue of both spouses and the ownership of the quarter in the presence of one or more children who are not issue of both spouses" (756-757). The most recent laws noted in the WomanStats Database (since 2013) relating to inheritance are still current as of December 2022 and...more
Aug. 10, 2023, 3:19 p.m.
Countries: France
Variables: LO-LAW-1
"Each spouse has the power to administer alone the common property and to dispose of it, subject to being accountable for faults committed in his management. Acts entered into without fraud by a spouse may be opposed against the other. A spouse, who holds a separate profession, has alone the power to perform acts of administration and of disposition necessary in that profession" (1421). "The spouses cannot, one without the other, dispose inter vivos, by gratuitous title, of assets in the community. They cannot either, one without the other, burden an asset of the community to guarantee a third person's debt" (1422). The most recent laws noted in the WomanStats...more
Variables: LO-LAW-1
"Each spouse has the power to administer alone the common property and to dispose of it, subject to being accountable for faults committed in his management. Acts entered into without fraud by a spouse may be opposed against the other. A spouse, who holds a separate profession, has alone the power to perform acts of administration and of disposition necessary in that profession" (1421). "The spouses cannot, one without the other, dispose inter vivos, by gratuitous title, of assets in the community. They cannot either, one without the other, burden an asset of the community to guarantee a third person's debt" (1422). The most recent laws noted in the WomanStats...more
July 14, 2023, 3:44 p.m.
Countries: France
Variables: LO-PRACTICE-1, IAD-PRACTICE-1
"The handicap of being a woman is also evident when it comes to transferring a family business. Bessière & Gollac emphasize how boys are given a special social status by their families from a very early age, which often predestines them to take over from their parent(s). The 'good heir', who has been prepared for this for a long time, is generally the oldest male. Daughters may be introduced to the business when they help out, but it is rare that they will acquire shares in the family business or become employees. Parents prefer to pass on their professional and managerial skills to a boy because they are more confident...more
Variables: LO-PRACTICE-1, IAD-PRACTICE-1
"The handicap of being a woman is also evident when it comes to transferring a family business. Bessière & Gollac emphasize how boys are given a special social status by their families from a very early age, which often predestines them to take over from their parent(s). The 'good heir', who has been prepared for this for a long time, is generally the oldest male. Daughters may be introduced to the business when they help out, but it is rare that they will acquire shares in the family business or become employees. Parents prefer to pass on their professional and managerial skills to a boy because they are more confident...more
July 14, 2023, 3:44 p.m.
Countries: France
Variables: ATDW-PRACTICE-1
"In the event of separation, women are the big losers in this system, since they will have no right to their ex‐spouse's property, or even to the company he runs, even if they have contributed body and soul to its development for years. Similarly, when the family court judge has to determine the amount of support to be paid by one of the parents—in 97% of cases the father—their main concern will be not to threaten his financial position...Overall, women emerge from marital breakdown far worse off financially than men" (3).
Variables: ATDW-PRACTICE-1
"In the event of separation, women are the big losers in this system, since they will have no right to their ex‐spouse's property, or even to the company he runs, even if they have contributed body and soul to its development for years. Similarly, when the family court judge has to determine the amount of support to be paid by one of the parents—in 97% of cases the father—their main concern will be not to threaten his financial position...Overall, women emerge from marital breakdown far worse off financially than men" (3).
June 23, 2023, 12:21 p.m.
Countries: France
Variables: LO-PRACTICE-1
"The Interministerial Committee for Ruralities sets 40 per cent as the target for women among business creators in these territories, relying in particular on the women’s equality guarantee system, the national system dedicated to women entrepreneurs which facilitates access to bank credit to finance the creation, takeover or development of their business" (6).
Variables: LO-PRACTICE-1
"The Interministerial Committee for Ruralities sets 40 per cent as the target for women among business creators in these territories, relying in particular on the women’s equality guarantee system, the national system dedicated to women entrepreneurs which facilitates access to bank credit to finance the creation, takeover or development of their business" (6).
June 17, 2023, 5:11 p.m.
Countries: Armenia, Belgium, Benin, Bulgaria, Burkina Faso, Burma/Myanmar, Burundi, Chad, China, Comoros, Congo, Cyprus, D R Congo, Denmark, El Salvador, Equatorial Guinea, France, Gabon, Greece, Guatemala, Haiti, Honduras, Japan, Kazakhstan, Liberia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Macedonia, Madagascar, Malawi, Mozambique, Nicaragua, Philippines, Portugal, Rwanda, Serbia, Slovenia, Solomon Islands, Spain, Swaziland, Togo, Ukraine, Vietnam
Variables: MARR-SCALE-2
1.0
Variables: MARR-SCALE-2
1.0
May 15, 2023, 2:28 p.m.
Countries: France
Variables: LO-LAW-1
According to the "Women, Business, and the Law" database (2022), the law prohibits discrimination in access to credit based on gender. The WBL database cites the following as the source: Code Pénal, Arts. 225-1 et 225-2. According to the "Women, Business, and the Law" database (2022), a woman can sign a contract in the same way as a man. The WBL database cites the following as the source: Code Civil, Art. 216. According to the "Women, Business, and the Law" database (2022), a woman can register a business in the same way as a man. The WBL database cites the following as the source: no source provided. According to the...more
Variables: LO-LAW-1
According to the "Women, Business, and the Law" database (2022), the law prohibits discrimination in access to credit based on gender. The WBL database cites the following as the source: Code Pénal, Arts. 225-1 et 225-2. According to the "Women, Business, and the Law" database (2022), a woman can sign a contract in the same way as a man. The WBL database cites the following as the source: Code Civil, Art. 216. According to the "Women, Business, and the Law" database (2022), a woman can register a business in the same way as a man. The WBL database cites the following as the source: no source provided. According to the...more
May 15, 2023, 2:28 p.m.
Countries: France
Variables: IAD-LAW-1
According to the "Women, Business, and the Law" database (2022), sons and daughters have equal rights to inherit assets from their parents. The WBL database cites the following as the source: Code Civil, Art. 735.
Variables: IAD-LAW-1
According to the "Women, Business, and the Law" database (2022), sons and daughters have equal rights to inherit assets from their parents. The WBL database cites the following as the source: Code Civil, Art. 735.
May 15, 2023, 2:28 p.m.
Countries: France
Variables: IAW-LAW-1
According to the "Women, Business, and the Law" database (2022), female and male surviving spouses have equal rights to inherit assets. The WBL database cites the following as the source: Code Civil, Arts. 756 et 757-2.
Variables: IAW-LAW-1
According to the "Women, Business, and the Law" database (2022), female and male surviving spouses have equal rights to inherit assets. The WBL database cites the following as the source: Code Civil, Arts. 756 et 757-2.
April 10, 2023, 9:34 p.m.
Countries: France
Variables: MARR-PRACTICE-8
This analysis collected data on the proportion of consanguineous marriages in 72 different geopolitical regions from www.consang.net in October 2010, referencing many of the same 381 surveys as Alan H. Bittles' report (1998) which included information for 6.55 million marriages. In cases when multiple estimates were provided for regions, they computed the mean percentage of consanguineous marriages by weighting individual estimates according to sample size. Table 1 of the appendix summarizes consanguineous marriage data. It shows that France's weighted mean consanguineous percentage is 0.806% (KMM-CODER COMMENT).
Variables: MARR-PRACTICE-8
This analysis collected data on the proportion of consanguineous marriages in 72 different geopolitical regions from www.consang.net in October 2010, referencing many of the same 381 surveys as Alan H. Bittles' report (1998) which included information for 6.55 million marriages. In cases when multiple estimates were provided for regions, they computed the mean percentage of consanguineous marriages by weighting individual estimates according to sample size. Table 1 of the appendix summarizes consanguineous marriage data. It shows that France's weighted mean consanguineous percentage is 0.806% (KMM-CODER COMMENT).
April 10, 2023, 9:02 p.m.
Countries: France
Variables: MARR-LAW-7
Article 144: The following marriages are prohibited: "Marriage is forbidden between relatives in the ascending and descending lines and between full and half brothers and sisters. Marriage is also forbidden between relatives in the collateral line to the third degree."
Variables: MARR-LAW-7
Article 144: The following marriages are prohibited: "Marriage is forbidden between relatives in the ascending and descending lines and between full and half brothers and sisters. Marriage is also forbidden between relatives in the collateral line to the third degree."
Feb. 19, 2023, 1:45 p.m.
Countries: Brazil, France, Netherlands, Spain
Variables: LRCM-DATA-2
“...have become a popular destinations for those who practice incest to move to” (under the heading Permissive Governments and Havens for Consensual Incest).
Variables: LRCM-DATA-2
“...have become a popular destinations for those who practice incest to move to” (under the heading Permissive Governments and Havens for Consensual Incest).
Feb. 19, 2023, 1:44 p.m.
Countries: Brazil, France, Netherlands, Spain
Variables: LRCM-PRACTICE-2
“...have become a popular destinations for those who practice incest to move to” (under the heading Permissive Governments and Havens for Consensual Incest).
Variables: LRCM-PRACTICE-2
“...have become a popular destinations for those who practice incest to move to” (under the heading Permissive Governments and Havens for Consensual Incest).
Feb. 19, 2023, 1:40 p.m.
Countries: Belgium, Brazil, Bulgaria, Czech Republic, France, Hungary, India, Israel, Japan, Netherlands, Portugal, Romania, Russia
Variables: LRCM-DATA-2
“...consensual Incestuous Families have for long, favored these countries as places to meet up with others who practice the same” (under the heading: Permissive Governments and Havens for Consensual Incest).
Variables: LRCM-DATA-2
“...consensual Incestuous Families have for long, favored these countries as places to meet up with others who practice the same” (under the heading: Permissive Governments and Havens for Consensual Incest).
Feb. 19, 2023, 1:39 p.m.
Countries: Belgium, Brazil, Bulgaria, Czech Republic, France, Hungary, India, Israel, Japan, Netherlands, Portugal, Romania, Russia
Variables: LRCM-PRACTICE-2
“...consensual Incestuous Families have for long, favored these countries as places to meet up with others who practice the same” (under the heading: Permissive Governments and Havens for Consensual Incest).
Variables: LRCM-PRACTICE-2
“...consensual Incestuous Families have for long, favored these countries as places to meet up with others who practice the same” (under the heading: Permissive Governments and Havens for Consensual Incest).
Jan. 16, 2023, 10:17 a.m.
Countries: France
Variables: ABO-LAW-1
The table titled "Almost 7/10 Italian Doctors Refuse to Carry out Abortions," shows that France currently provides the right to conscientious objection over abortion, according to the WHO's 2018 Global Abortion Policies Database (para 14).
Variables: ABO-LAW-1
The table titled "Almost 7/10 Italian Doctors Refuse to Carry out Abortions," shows that France currently provides the right to conscientious objection over abortion, according to the WHO's 2018 Global Abortion Policies Database (para 14).
Jan. 15, 2023, 11:31 p.m.
Countries: France
Variables: DACH-PRACTICE-1, DACH-PRACTICE-2, RISW-PRACTICE-1
"French President Emmanuel Macron said Thursday [December 8, 2022] that condoms would be made available for free in pharmacies for 18- to 25-year-olds in a bid to reduce unwanted pregnancies among young people. 'It's a small revolution for contraception,' Macron said during a health debate with young people in Fontaine-le-Comte, a suburb of Poitiers in western France. The move comes after the government began offering this year free birth control for all women under 25, expanding a scheme targeting under-18s to ensure young women do not stop taking contraception because they cannot afford it. Condoms are already reimbursed by the national healthcare system if prescribed by a doctor or midwife,...more
Variables: DACH-PRACTICE-1, DACH-PRACTICE-2, RISW-PRACTICE-1
"French President Emmanuel Macron said Thursday [December 8, 2022] that condoms would be made available for free in pharmacies for 18- to 25-year-olds in a bid to reduce unwanted pregnancies among young people. 'It's a small revolution for contraception,' Macron said during a health debate with young people in Fontaine-le-Comte, a suburb of Poitiers in western France. The move comes after the government began offering this year free birth control for all women under 25, expanding a scheme targeting under-18s to ensure young women do not stop taking contraception because they cannot afford it. Condoms are already reimbursed by the national healthcare system if prescribed by a doctor or midwife,...more
Jan. 15, 2023, 11:31 p.m.
Countries: France
Variables: SEGI-PRACTICE-1
"French President Emmanuel Macron said Thursday [December 8, 2022] that condoms would be made available for free in pharmacies for 18- to 25-year-olds in a bid to reduce unwanted pregnancies among young people. 'It's a small revolution for contraception,' Macron said during a health debate with young people...On sexual education overall, 'we are not very good on this subject. The reality is very, very different from the theory. It's an area where we need to much better educate our teachers', Macron said" (para 1-2, 5).
Variables: SEGI-PRACTICE-1
"French President Emmanuel Macron said Thursday [December 8, 2022] that condoms would be made available for free in pharmacies for 18- to 25-year-olds in a bid to reduce unwanted pregnancies among young people. 'It's a small revolution for contraception,' Macron said during a health debate with young people...On sexual education overall, 'we are not very good on this subject. The reality is very, very different from the theory. It's an area where we need to much better educate our teachers', Macron said" (para 1-2, 5).
Jan. 15, 2023, 11:31 p.m.
Countries: France
Variables: ISTD-PRACTICE-1
"Condoms are already reimbursed by the national healthcare system if prescribed by a doctor or midwife, a measure intended to fight the spread of AIDS and other sexually transmitted diseases" (para 4).
Variables: ISTD-PRACTICE-1
"Condoms are already reimbursed by the national healthcare system if prescribed by a doctor or midwife, a measure intended to fight the spread of AIDS and other sexually transmitted diseases" (para 4).
Jan. 13, 2023, 3:26 p.m.
Countries: France
Variables: LRW-PRACTICE-1
"According to the indictment, the man first spoke to the girl in a park near the entrance to her school in Montmagny, in the Val-d’Oise north of Paris, in April 2017. A few days later they met again and he suggested he 'teach her to kiss … and more', then invited her back to his apartment nearby. The girl did not refuse and followed him. The girl then went to the man’s apartment two floors below where 'penetration without violence' took place. Afterwards, the girl said, he told her not to say anything about what happened but she immediately called her mother to say she had been raped. Under police...more
Variables: LRW-PRACTICE-1
"According to the indictment, the man first spoke to the girl in a park near the entrance to her school in Montmagny, in the Val-d’Oise north of Paris, in April 2017. A few days later they met again and he suggested he 'teach her to kiss … and more', then invited her back to his apartment nearby. The girl did not refuse and followed him. The girl then went to the man’s apartment two floors below where 'penetration without violence' took place. Afterwards, the girl said, he told her not to say anything about what happened but she immediately called her mother to say she had been raped. Under police...more
Jan. 13, 2023, 3:26 p.m.
Countries: France
Variables: LRW-PRACTICE-2
"According to the indictment, the man first spoke to the girl in a park near the entrance to her school in Montmagny, in the Val-d’Oise north of Paris, in April 2017. A few days later they met again and he suggested he 'teach her to kiss … and more', then invited her back to his apartment nearby. The girl did not refuse and followed him. The girl then went to the man’s apartment two floors below where 'penetration without violence' took place. Afterwards, the girl said, he told her not to say anything about what happened but she immediately called her mother to say she had been raped. Under police...more
Variables: LRW-PRACTICE-2
"According to the indictment, the man first spoke to the girl in a park near the entrance to her school in Montmagny, in the Val-d’Oise north of Paris, in April 2017. A few days later they met again and he suggested he 'teach her to kiss … and more', then invited her back to his apartment nearby. The girl did not refuse and followed him. The girl then went to the man’s apartment two floors below where 'penetration without violence' took place. Afterwards, the girl said, he told her not to say anything about what happened but she immediately called her mother to say she had been raped. Under police...more
Jan. 13, 2023, 3:26 p.m.
Countries: France
Variables: RISW-PRACTICE-1
"At an earlier trial almost five years ago, there was public outrage after a charge of rape was reduced to sexual assault. The subsequent political row led to a minimum age of consent of 15 being established in France in April last year" (para 4).
Variables: RISW-PRACTICE-1
"At an earlier trial almost five years ago, there was public outrage after a charge of rape was reduced to sexual assault. The subsequent political row led to a minimum age of consent of 15 being established in France in April last year" (para 4).
Jan. 13, 2023, 3:26 p.m.
Countries: France
Variables: LRW-LAW-2
"Until then, French law had required an accuser under the age of 15 to show there was 'violence, constraint, threat or surprise', in the absence of which investigators classified the incident as the lesser offence of sexual abuse. Now the law deems sex with anyone under the age of 15 as automatically non-consensual, and therefore rape." (para 5)(NF - CODER COMMENT - Prior to this case, rape had to be proven by the victim and had to fit a certain criteria. Thus, in some cases the law did not view what had occured as statuatory rape, but instead a less charge such as sexual abuse).
Variables: LRW-LAW-2
"Until then, French law had required an accuser under the age of 15 to show there was 'violence, constraint, threat or surprise', in the absence of which investigators classified the incident as the lesser offence of sexual abuse. Now the law deems sex with anyone under the age of 15 as automatically non-consensual, and therefore rape." (para 5)(NF - CODER COMMENT - Prior to this case, rape had to be proven by the victim and had to fit a certain criteria. Thus, in some cases the law did not view what had occured as statuatory rape, but instead a less charge such as sexual abuse).
Jan. 13, 2023, 3:26 p.m.
Countries: France
Variables: LRW-LAW-1
"The accused, who has not been named, admitted having sex with the secondary school pupil in 2017 after meeting her in a park. He was 28 at the time and insisted the girl had consented. Late on Friday, the man was found guilty of raping a minor and given an eight-year prison sentence. At an earlier trial almost five years ago, there was public outrage after a charge of rape was reduced to sexual assault. The subsequent political row led to a minimum age of consent of 15 being established in France in April last year." (para 2-4). "Until then, French law had required an accuser under the age of...more
Variables: LRW-LAW-1
"The accused, who has not been named, admitted having sex with the secondary school pupil in 2017 after meeting her in a park. He was 28 at the time and insisted the girl had consented. Late on Friday, the man was found guilty of raping a minor and given an eight-year prison sentence. At an earlier trial almost five years ago, there was public outrage after a charge of rape was reduced to sexual assault. The subsequent political row led to a minimum age of consent of 15 being established in France in April last year." (para 2-4). "Until then, French law had required an accuser under the age of...more
Jan. 9, 2023, 9:34 a.m.
Countries: France
Variables: LO-LAW-1, IAW-LAW-1, CONST-LAW-1
"The constitution and law provide for the same legal status and rights for women as for men, including under family, religious, personal status, labor, employment, property, nationality, and inheritance laws, access to credit, and owning or managing businesses or property in line with the Women’s Global Development and Prosperity Initiative" (29).
Variables: LO-LAW-1, IAW-LAW-1, CONST-LAW-1
"The constitution and law provide for the same legal status and rights for women as for men, including under family, religious, personal status, labor, employment, property, nationality, and inheritance laws, access to credit, and owning or managing businesses or property in line with the Women’s Global Development and Prosperity Initiative" (29).
Jan. 9, 2023, 9:29 a.m.
Countries: France
Variables: IAD-PRACTICE-1
"Generally, there are no customary, religious, or traditional practices or laws that discriminate againstdaughters and female surviving spouses’ legal rights to inherit, although there are some exceptions in France’s overseas territories" (4).
Variables: IAD-PRACTICE-1
"Generally, there are no customary, religious, or traditional practices or laws that discriminate againstdaughters and female surviving spouses’ legal rights to inherit, although there are some exceptions in France’s overseas territories" (4).
Jan. 9, 2023, 9:29 a.m.
Countries: France
Variables: LO-LAW-1
"The law provides for equal rights for women to own, use, make decision and use land and non-land assets as collateral (Civil Code, Articles 1401-1403, 1421, Article 544). Article 225 of the Civil Code allows both spouses to administer their personal assets and property (FAO Gender and Land Rights Database, Cadre Juridique National). The default marital regime is partial community of property (Civil Code, Article 1400) and both partners must agree in the administration of marital property (Civil Code, Articles 1422, 1424, and 1425)" (8). "Married and unmarried women have equal rights as men to open a bank account and obtain credit at a formal institution (Civil Code, Article 221)"...more
Variables: LO-LAW-1
"The law provides for equal rights for women to own, use, make decision and use land and non-land assets as collateral (Civil Code, Articles 1401-1403, 1421, Article 544). Article 225 of the Civil Code allows both spouses to administer their personal assets and property (FAO Gender and Land Rights Database, Cadre Juridique National). The default marital regime is partial community of property (Civil Code, Article 1400) and both partners must agree in the administration of marital property (Civil Code, Articles 1422, 1424, and 1425)" (8). "Married and unmarried women have equal rights as men to open a bank account and obtain credit at a formal institution (Civil Code, Article 221)"...more
Jan. 9, 2023, 9:29 a.m.
Countries: France
Variables: IAW-PRACTICE-1
"Generally, there are no customary, religious, or traditional practices or laws that discriminate against daughters and female surviving spouses’ legal rights to inherit, although there are some exceptions in France’s overseas territories" (4).
Variables: IAW-PRACTICE-1
"Generally, there are no customary, religious, or traditional practices or laws that discriminate against daughters and female surviving spouses’ legal rights to inherit, although there are some exceptions in France’s overseas territories" (4).
Jan. 9, 2023, 9:29 a.m.
Countries: France
Variables: ATDW-LAW-1
"After the divorce, if the parties do not agree on a method of distributing property, the default option is that the assets of both parties that were acquired during the marriage are the property of both and will be split equally (Civil Code, Article 1400). If one party is disadvantaged by any post-divorce financial disparity, that party may claim a compensatory allowance, set and enforced by the court" (3)
Variables: ATDW-LAW-1
"After the divorce, if the parties do not agree on a method of distributing property, the default option is that the assets of both parties that were acquired during the marriage are the property of both and will be split equally (Civil Code, Article 1400). If one party is disadvantaged by any post-divorce financial disparity, that party may claim a compensatory allowance, set and enforced by the court" (3)