Countries: Angola, Bahrain, Iraq, Kuwait, Libya, Philippines, Russia, Serbia, Syria, Tajikistan, Thailand, Venezuela
Variables: LRW-LAW-4

"The report [by the United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA)] reveals that in 20 countries or territories such as Angola, Bahrain, Iraq, Kuwait, Libya, Philippines, the Russian Federation, Serbia, Syria, Tajikistan, Thailand, and Venezuela the so-called 'marry-your-rapist' laws still continue" (para 10).

Countries: Iraq
Variables: TRAFF-PRACTICE-2

"Al Jazeera documents the story of Agnes (not her real name), a 27-year-old woman who left Ekiti State for Iraq after agents promised her a dream life. These agents reportedly earn $500 for every woman they traffic on behalf of recruitment firms in Iraq. Speaking about the recruitment scheme, “It’s a form of modern slavery,” said Damilola Adekola, co-founder of Hopes Haven Foundation, a Nigerian NGO that helps track trafficked women" (para 2-3)."In Iraq, the women sign contracts that assign them to families or labour-intensive institutions. A worker like Agnes [27-year-old Nigerian woman] might earn $200 or $250 per month for working up to 20 hours a day. Many of...more

Countries: Iraq
Variables: LDS-PRACTICE-2

"In Iraq, the women sign contracts that assign them to families or labour-intensive institutions. A worker like Agnes [27-year-old Nigerian woman] might earn $200 or $250 per month for working up to 20 hours a day. Many of them, however, are owed salaries, go days without food, and endure other horrible conditions" (para 5). This paragraph shows that the women endure severe exploitation—including overwork, wage withholding, and food deprivation—demonstrating abusive working conditions (MR-CODER COMMENT). "Agnes reported being raped at gunpoint by her employer, who forced her to have an abortion after she became pregnant, resulting in severe abdominal pain. 'I just want to go home and treat myself, but I...more

Countries: Bahrain, Bangladesh, Brunei, Cameroon, Central African Rep, Chad, Chile, D R Congo, Egypt, Gambia, Georgia, Ghana, Guatemala, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Indonesia, Iraq, Kuwait, Liberia, Libya, Madagascar, Malawi, Malaysia, Maldives, Mozambique, Nepal, Niger, Oman, Palestine, Saudi Arabia, Sierra Leone, South Sudan, Sri Lanka, Syria, Tanzania, Togo, Tunisia, Uganda, Vanuatu
Variables: LO-SCALE-3

3

Countries: Albania, Algeria, Argentina, Armenia, Bahamas, Bahrain, Bangladesh, Belarus, Belize, Bhutan, Bolivia, Bosnia-Herzegovina, Brazil, Brunei, Bulgaria, Burma/Myanmar, Cambodia, Canada, Cape Verde, China, Colombia, Congo, Costa Rica, Cuba, Cyprus, Djibouti, Dominican Republic, East Timor, Ecuador, El Salvador, Equatorial Guinea, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Fiji, Finland, France, Greece, Guyana, Haiti, Honduras, Indonesia, Iran, Iraq, Israel, Italy, Jamaica, Japan, Kazakhstan, Kuwait, Laos, Libya, Lithuania, Macedonia, Malaysia, Maldives, Malta, Mauritania, Mauritius, Moldova, Mongolia, Montenegro, Morocco, Netherlands, Nicaragua, North Korea, Oman, Pakistan, Panama, Papua New Guinea, Peru, Philippines, Qatar, Romania, Russia, Rwanda, Singapore, Slovakia, Slovenia, Somalia, South Korea, Spain, Taiwan, Tanzania, Thailand, Togo, Turkey, United Arab Emirates, United Kingdom, United States, Uruguay, Venezuela, Vietnam, Yemen
Variables: LO-SCALE-1

1

Countries: Iraq
Variables: LRW-DATA-1

The chart in the UNODC Data Portal titled, "Violent Crime & Sexual Violence," shows that the rate of reported rapes in Iraq in 2021 was 2.53 per 100,000 population.

Countries: Iraq
Variables: ABO-LAW-1

"Abortion in Iraq is legally permitted only when the health of the pregnant person is at risk, according to Article 417 of the amended Iraqi Penal Code No. 111 of 1969. This law imposes a penalty of imprisonment for up to one year and a fine of no more than one hundred dinars on any woman who induces her own abortion or enables another to do so with her consent. The same penalty applies to anyone who deliberately aborts a woman with her consent. The penalty is reduced if the woman was raped, but the act remains a crime" (para 1).

Countries: Iraq
Variables: ABO-LAW-1

The Center for Reproductive Rights states that Iraq's laws do not permit abortion in any situation.

Countries: Iraq
Variables: AOM-LAW-1

"Earlier this year, Iraq also amended its personal status law to effectively legalise marriage for girls as young as nine. The amendments gave Islamic courts increased authority over family matters, including marriage, divorce and inheritance, allowing clerics to rule according to their interpretation of Islamic law" (para 44).

Countries: Iraq
Variables: RISW-PRACTICE-2

"In January 2025, Iraq’s parliament passed a law, giving religious authorities the power to legalise marriages of children as young as nine years old. Activists and women’s rights organisations criticised the decision, saying it will “legalise child rape”" (para. 8).

Countries: Iraq
Variables: AOM-LAW-1

"In January 2025, Iraq’s parliament passed a law, giving religious authorities the power to legalise marriages of children as young as nine years old. Activists and women’s rights organisations criticised the decision, saying it will “legalise child rape”(para. 8)."Currently in Iraq, the minimum age of marriage is 18" (para. 9).

Countries: Iraq
Variables: MARR-LAW-1, DTCP-LAW-1

"In January 2025, Iraq’s parliament passed a law, giving religious authorities the power to legalise marriages of children as young as nine years old. Activists and women’s rights organisations criticised the decision, saying it will “legalise child rape”"(para. 8).

Countries: Iraq
Variables: LRW-LAW-1

"Currently in Iraq, the minimum age of marriage is 18" (para. 9). As premarital sex is forbidden in Iraq, the age of marriage is also the age of consent (NAC - CODER COMMENT).

Countries: Iraq
Variables: SEGI-PRACTICE-1

"The al-Mawadda Party is an initiative to unify the efforts of women from various communities and enhance their role in political life. In Arabic, the term al-Mawadda symbolises compassion, love and respect... The large number of new party members came “without promotional campaigns,” al-Taei also said, noting it was “as a result of people’s belief in the necessity of having a women’s party that expresses women’s aspirations”" (para. 2,4)."Iraq’s next parliamentary election will be on November 11th, and to campaign, the al-Mawadda Party has begun organising programming, including awareness workshops and an online portal for media membership" (para. 12). While this quote does not specify what the "awareness workshops" hosted...more

Countries: Iraq
Variables: IRP-LAW-1

"Women who have escaped from trafficking have been convicted on charges of prostitution, which is illegal under Iraqi law" (6).