Countries: Colombia, Croatia, Dominican Republic, Japan, Mauritius, Paraguay, Russia, Serbia, Singapore, Trinidad/Tobago, Uruguay
Variables: MULTIVAR-SCALE-6

5.0

Countries: Japan
Variables: TRAFF-LAW-1

"Japan did not have a comprehensive anti-trafficking statute that included definitions in line with international law. It criminalized sex trafficking and labor trafficking crimes through disparate penal code laws pertaining to 'prostitution' of adults and children, child welfare, immigration, and employment standards. Article 7 of the 'Prostitution Prevention Law' criminalized inducing others into 'prostitution' and prescribed penalties of up to three years’ imprisonment or a fine of up to ¥100,000 ($759) if fraudulent or coercive means were used, and up to three years’ imprisonment and a fine of up to ¥100,000 ($759) if force or threats were used. Article 8 of the same law increased penalties to up to five...more

Countries: Japan
Variables: SEGI-PRACTICE-2

"Protesters gather to call for revision of sex crime legislation in Tokyo, 2019" (para 7). "Protesters gather at the rally called 'Flower Demo' to criticise acquittals in court cases of alleged rape in Japan" (para 8). "Japan last revised its criminal code on sexual offences in 2017, for the first time in more than a century, but campaigners said the reforms were insufficient" (para 15). "And in 2019, a string of acquittals in rape cases triggered nationwide rallies" (para 16). "Campaigners have welcomed the move as a step forward though it 'still fails to meet international rape legislation standards', advocacy group Human Rights Now said in a statement. Japan, it...more

Countries: Japan
Variables: LRW-PRACTICE-2

"In practice, regional ordinances banning 'lewd' acts with minors are sometimes seen as effectively raising the age of consent to 18 in many parts of Japan. But they come with significantly lighter penalties than rape charges and deem sex with children merely 'unethical' conduct, 'completely discounting its forced nature', Kazuna Kanajiri, an activist fighting pornography and sexual exploitation, told AFP. This leaves room for perpetrators to 'shift blame to the victims, and argue that sex was initiated or enjoyed by the children', said Kanajiri, who heads Tokyo-based group PAPS and welcomes plans to raise the age of consent to 16" (para 11-13). "And in 2019, a string of acquittals in...more

Countries: Japan
Variables: LRW-LAW-2

"Under current Japanese law, children at least 13 years old are considered capable of consent, meaning sexual activity with them is not considered statutory rape. This has meant even teen rape survivors face the same high bars to prosecuting perpetrators that adults do. In practice, regional ordinances banning 'lewd' acts with minors are sometimes seen as effectively raising the age of consent to 18 in many parts of Japan. But they come with significantly lighter penalties than rape charges and deem sex with children merely 'unethical' conduct, 'completely discounting its forced nature', Kazuna Kanajiri, an activist fighting pornography and sexual exploitation, told AFP" (para 9-12). "This leaves room for perpetrators...more

Countries: Japan
Variables: LRW-DATA-1

"The recommendations presented to the justice minister come after a series of rape acquittals that sparked outcry, and will form the basis for draft amendments that could be enacted by parliament later this year" (para 3).

Countries: Albania, Angola, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Bangladesh, Barbados, Belize, Benin, Bhutan, Bosnia-Herzegovina, Brazil, Burkina Faso, Burundi, Cameroon, Cape Verde, Central African Rep, Comoros, Costa Rica, Cote D'Ivoire, Croatia, D R Congo, East Timor, Ecuador, Ethiopia, Fiji, Gambia, Ghana, Greece, Guatemala, Guinea, Honduras, Hungary, India, Indonesia, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Jamaica, Japan, Jordan, Kazakhstan, Kenya, Kosovo, Kyrgyzstan, Laos, Latvia, Lesotho, Liberia, Macedonia, Malawi, Maldives, Mali, Malta, Mauritania, Mexico, Moldova, Mongolia, Morocco, Namibia, Nepal, New Zealand, Niger, Nigeria, Norway, Oman, Pakistan, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, Poland, Portugal, Qatar, Romania, Rwanda, Saudi Arabia, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Slovakia, Slovenia, South Korea, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Suriname, Switzerland, Tajikistan, Tanzania, Thailand, Togo, Tunisia, Turkey, Uganda, Ukraine, United Arab Emirates, Uruguay, Uzbekistan, Zambia, Zimbabwe
Variables: TRAFF-SCALE-1

2.0more

Countries: Japan
Variables: DV-DATA-1

According to 2022 data from the WHO's Global Health Observatory, the proportion of ever-partnered women and girls (aged 15-49) in Japan who have been subjected to physical and/or sexual violence by a current or former intimate partner in their lifetime is 20 percent (KMM-CODER COMMENT).

Countries: Germany, Japan, Netherlands
Variables: MMR-SCALE-1

4

Countries: Afghanistan, Albania, Angola, Argentina, Australia, Austria, Azerbaijan, Bahamas, Belgium, Belize, Bhutan, Bolivia, Bosnia-Herzegovina, Botswana, Brazil, Brunei, Bulgaria, Burkina Faso, Burma/Myanmar, Burundi, Cambodia, Canada, Cape Verde, Central African Rep, Chile, China, Colombia, Comoros, Costa Rica, Croatia, Cuba, Cyprus, Czech Republic, D R Congo, Djibouti, Dominican Republic, East Timor, Ecuador, Egypt, Equatorial Guinea, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Fiji, Finland, France, Gabon, Germany, Ghana, Greece, Guatemala, Guinea-Bissau, Guyana, Haiti, Honduras, Hungary, Indonesia, Iran, Iraq, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Jamaica, Japan, Jordan, Kazakhstan, Kenya, Kosovo, Kuwait, Kyrgyzstan, Laos, Lebanon, Lesotho, Libya, Luxembourg, Macedonia, Madagascar, Malawi, Malaysia, Malta, Mauritius, Montenegro, Morocco, Mozambique, Namibia, Nicaragua, North Korea, Oman, Pakistan, Palestine, Panama, Papua New Guinea, Paraguay, Peru, Philippines, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Rwanda, Senegal, Serbia, Singapore, Slovakia, Slovenia, Somalia, South Africa, South Korea, Spain, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Suriname, Swaziland, Sweden, Switzerland, Syria, Taiwan, Tajikistan, Tanzania, Thailand, Trinidad/Tobago, Tunisia, Turkey, Turkmenistan, Uganda, United Arab Emirates, United Kingdom, United States, Uruguay, Uzbekistan, Vanuatu, Yemen, Zambia, Zimbabwe
Variables: DACH-SCALE-2

1more

Countries: Japan
Variables: MMR-DATA-1

According to a 2023 report on global trends in maternal mortality from 2000-2020 published by the WHO, UNICEF, UNFPA, World Bank Group, and UNDESA/Population Division, in 2020 the maternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births) in Japan was 4 (KMM-CODER COMMENT).

Countries: Japan
Variables: ATDW-LAW-1

According to the "Women, Business, and the Law" database (2022), the law provides for the valuation of nonmonetary contributions. The WBL database provides the following as a source: Civil Code, Art. 768(3) (2).

Countries: Japan
Variables: DACH-DATA-1

According to 2019 data from the WHO's Global Health Observatory, average life expectancy in Japan is 81.5 years for men and 86.9 years for women (KMM-CODER COMMENT).

Countries: Japan, United States
Variables: BR-DATA-1

"That is far below the 2.1 needed to maintain a stable population and low even compared to other developed countries where the rate is falling, such as the United States (1.6) and Japan – which at 1.3 reported its own lowest rate on record" (para 4)

Countries: Indonesia, Japan, Zambia
Variables: DACH-LAW-1

"Spanish lawmakers adopted on Thursday a new bill creating a menstrual leave for women suffering from painful periods and strengthening access to abortion in public hospitals...When this bill is finally adopted, Spain will become the first country in Europe and one of the few in the world to integrate this measure into its legislation, following the example of Japan, Indonesia or Zambia" (para 1, 6)