Latest items for Liberia
Sept. 8, 2023, 12:19 p.m.
Countries: Liberia
Variables: AOM-DATA-2
"Women who were first married by age 18 (% of women ages 20-24) is '12.9%.'"
Variables: AOM-DATA-2
"Women who were first married by age 18 (% of women ages 20-24) is '12.9%.'"
Aug. 29, 2023, 4:22 p.m.
Countries: Liberia
Variables: IAW-LAW-2
"After the death or burial of her/their husband, the customary widow or multiple shall be at liberty either to remain on the premises of her/their late husband to administer said estate, or she/they may take another husband of her/their choice and shall vacate the premises of the late husband in as much the new marriage entered automatically reverse said rights and same property return to the heirs or children of the late husband" (4). The most recent laws noted in the WomanStats Database (since 2003) relating to inheritance provisions if a widow remarries are still current as of December 2022 and no changes have been made, as verified by consulting...more
Variables: IAW-LAW-2
"After the death or burial of her/their husband, the customary widow or multiple shall be at liberty either to remain on the premises of her/their late husband to administer said estate, or she/they may take another husband of her/their choice and shall vacate the premises of the late husband in as much the new marriage entered automatically reverse said rights and same property return to the heirs or children of the late husband" (4). The most recent laws noted in the WomanStats Database (since 2003) relating to inheritance provisions if a widow remarries are still current as of December 2022 and no changes have been made, as verified by consulting...more
Aug. 29, 2023, 4:16 p.m.
Countries: Liberia
Variables: IAW-LAW-1
"Upon the husband’s death, the widow or multiple widows shall be entitled to only one-third (1/3) of their late husband’s property; the balance two thirds (2/3) of the decedent’s property shall descend to his children, if any, or to his collateral heirs according to the Decedents Estates Law" (4). "After the death or burial of her/their husband, the customary widow or multiple shall be at liberty either to remain on the premises of her/their late husband to administer said estate, or she/they may take another husband of her/their choice and shall vacate the premises of the late husband in as much the new marriage entered automatically reverse said rights and...more
Variables: IAW-LAW-1
"Upon the husband’s death, the widow or multiple widows shall be entitled to only one-third (1/3) of their late husband’s property; the balance two thirds (2/3) of the decedent’s property shall descend to his children, if any, or to his collateral heirs according to the Decedents Estates Law" (4). "After the death or burial of her/their husband, the customary widow or multiple shall be at liberty either to remain on the premises of her/their late husband to administer said estate, or she/they may take another husband of her/their choice and shall vacate the premises of the late husband in as much the new marriage entered automatically reverse said rights and...more
Aug. 29, 2023, 3:40 p.m.
Countries: Liberia
Variables: LO-LAW-1
"Spouses may convey or transfer real or personal property directly, the one to the other, without the intervention of a third person; and may make partition or division of any real property held by them as tenants in common, joint tenants or tenants by the entireties provided that in the case of tenants by the entireties partition may only be maintained when both parties consent thereto" (13). "1. Not subject to control by husband. Property, real and personal, now owned by a married woman, or hereafter owned by a woman at the time of her marriage, or acquired by her as prescribed in this Chapter, and the rents, issues, proceeds...more
Variables: LO-LAW-1
"Spouses may convey or transfer real or personal property directly, the one to the other, without the intervention of a third person; and may make partition or division of any real property held by them as tenants in common, joint tenants or tenants by the entireties provided that in the case of tenants by the entireties partition may only be maintained when both parties consent thereto" (13). "1. Not subject to control by husband. Property, real and personal, now owned by a married woman, or hereafter owned by a woman at the time of her marriage, or acquired by her as prescribed in this Chapter, and the rents, issues, proceeds...more
June 17, 2023, 5:11 p.m.
Countries: Armenia, Belgium, Benin, Bulgaria, Burkina Faso, Burma/Myanmar, Burundi, Chad, China, Comoros, Congo, Cyprus, D R Congo, Denmark, El Salvador, Equatorial Guinea, France, Gabon, Greece, Guatemala, Haiti, Honduras, Japan, Kazakhstan, Liberia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Macedonia, Madagascar, Malawi, Mozambique, Nicaragua, Philippines, Portugal, Rwanda, Serbia, Slovenia, Solomon Islands, Spain, Swaziland, Togo, Ukraine, Vietnam
Variables: MARR-SCALE-2
1.0
Variables: MARR-SCALE-2
1.0
May 5, 2023, 12:07 p.m.
Countries: Liberia
Variables: MARR-PRACTICE-8
A popular radio broadcast (2022) discussed the religious implications of cousins getting married, and discussed that it should be discouraged in society. As Christianity is the major religion in the nation, this radio broadcast implies negative social attitudes towards the practice of consanguinity in modern day. Clan practices document the high prevalence only until the 1980s (VC CODER COMMENT). "Weekly Catechesis June 21, 2022 Today's Topic: Could two cousins get married? What does the Catholic Church say about Consanguinity, Affinity, Adoption??"
Variables: MARR-PRACTICE-8
A popular radio broadcast (2022) discussed the religious implications of cousins getting married, and discussed that it should be discouraged in society. As Christianity is the major religion in the nation, this radio broadcast implies negative social attitudes towards the practice of consanguinity in modern day. Clan practices document the high prevalence only until the 1980s (VC CODER COMMENT). "Weekly Catechesis June 21, 2022 Today's Topic: Could two cousins get married? What does the Catholic Church say about Consanguinity, Affinity, Adoption??"
April 30, 2023, 5:50 p.m.
Countries: Liberia
Variables: MARR-LAW-7
"No marriage shall be contracted between persons one or both of whom has a spouse still living; not between an ancestor and a descendent, a brother and a sister or either the whole or halfblood, an uncle and niece or an aunt and nephew, or fist cousins and this prohibition shall apply whether the proscribed relatives are legitimate or illegitimate."
Variables: MARR-LAW-7
"No marriage shall be contracted between persons one or both of whom has a spouse still living; not between an ancestor and a descendent, a brother and a sister or either the whole or halfblood, an uncle and niece or an aunt and nephew, or fist cousins and this prohibition shall apply whether the proscribed relatives are legitimate or illegitimate."
Feb. 10, 2023, 2:57 p.m.
Countries: Liberia
Variables: LO-LAW-1
"The enactment of Liberia’s Land Rights Law in 2018... is one of the most progressive land rights laws in Africa and the first legislation to recognize customary ownership of land in Liberia. It also explicitly secures the rights of women to own land and to participate in decision-making processes concerning land governance" (para 1-2).
Variables: LO-LAW-1
"The enactment of Liberia’s Land Rights Law in 2018... is one of the most progressive land rights laws in Africa and the first legislation to recognize customary ownership of land in Liberia. It also explicitly secures the rights of women to own land and to participate in decision-making processes concerning land governance" (para 1-2).
Feb. 10, 2023, 2:57 p.m.
Countries: Liberia
Variables: IAW-PRACTICE-1
"Even though Liberia’s Equal Rights of the Customary Marriage Law of 1998—also known as the “Inheritance Law”—provides a layer of security to women after the death of a spouse or a divorce, it has been poorly applied since its adoption in 2003. In fact, most people in rural areas, both men and women, are unaware of its existence" (para 13).
Variables: IAW-PRACTICE-1
"Even though Liberia’s Equal Rights of the Customary Marriage Law of 1998—also known as the “Inheritance Law”—provides a layer of security to women after the death of a spouse or a divorce, it has been poorly applied since its adoption in 2003. In fact, most people in rural areas, both men and women, are unaware of its existence" (para 13).
Feb. 10, 2023, 2:57 p.m.
Countries: Liberia
Variables: LO-PRACTICE-1
"The enactment of Liberia’s Land Rights Law in 2018... is one of the most progressive land rights laws in Africa and the first legislation to recognize customary ownership of land in Liberia. It also explicitly secures the rights of women to own land and to participate in decision-making processes concerning land governance. However, despite the wins this legislative victory has brought to Liberia’s rural communities, gaps remain in educating local populations – including both men and women – on its use so that its full implementation becomes a reality" (para 1-3).
Variables: LO-PRACTICE-1
"The enactment of Liberia’s Land Rights Law in 2018... is one of the most progressive land rights laws in Africa and the first legislation to recognize customary ownership of land in Liberia. It also explicitly secures the rights of women to own land and to participate in decision-making processes concerning land governance. However, despite the wins this legislative victory has brought to Liberia’s rural communities, gaps remain in educating local populations – including both men and women – on its use so that its full implementation becomes a reality" (para 1-3).
Dec. 29, 2022, 12:26 p.m.
Countries: Angola, Burundi, Liberia, Madagascar, Niger
Variables: MURDER-PRACTICE-1
"Although less common than witchcraft accusations, ritual attacks on children – especially those with albinism – are also often motivated by greed, a desire for power or a belief that their body parts can stave off ancestral wrath and cure everything from male impotency to poverty. Girls with albinism and mothers of children with albinism suffer extreme violence, including having their arms and legs hacked off while still alive...Despite child protection laws, there remains a widespread problem in ...Madagascar, Niger, Angola, Eswatini, Liberia, Rwanda, Zimbabwe, Burundi..." (para 8, 11).
Variables: MURDER-PRACTICE-1
"Although less common than witchcraft accusations, ritual attacks on children – especially those with albinism – are also often motivated by greed, a desire for power or a belief that their body parts can stave off ancestral wrath and cure everything from male impotency to poverty. Girls with albinism and mothers of children with albinism suffer extreme violence, including having their arms and legs hacked off while still alive...Despite child protection laws, there remains a widespread problem in ...Madagascar, Niger, Angola, Eswatini, Liberia, Rwanda, Zimbabwe, Burundi..." (para 8, 11).
Dec. 8, 2022, 11:47 p.m.
Countries: Afghanistan, Argentina, Bahamas, Bahrain, Bangladesh, Barbados, Burma/Myanmar, Central African Rep, Congo, Cuba, Djibouti, Egypt, El Salvador, Eritrea, Lesotho, Liberia, Maldives, Namibia, Papua New Guinea, Rwanda, South Africa, Togo, Uganda, United Arab Emirates, Venezuela, Zambia
Variables: MULTIVAR-SCALE-5
4.0
Variables: MULTIVAR-SCALE-5
4.0
Dec. 8, 2022, 11:45 p.m.
Countries: Afghanistan, Algeria, Angola, Bahrain, Bangladesh, Benin, Botswana, Brunei, Burkina Faso, Burma/Myanmar, Central African Rep, Chad, Congo, Cote D'Ivoire, Djibouti, East Timor, Egypt, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Ghana, India, Indonesia, Iran, Iraq, Israel, Jordan, Kenya, Kuwait, Lebanon, Lesotho, Liberia, Libya, Malawi, Malaysia, Maldives, Mauritania, Mauritius, Morocco, Mozambique, Namibia, Niger, Nigeria, Oman, Pakistan, Palestine, Papua New Guinea, Qatar, Rwanda, Saudi Arabia, Sierra Leone, Singapore, South Africa, South Sudan, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Swaziland, Syria, Tanzania, Togo, Uganda, United Arab Emirates, Yemen, Zambia, Zimbabwe
Variables: CONST-SCALE-1
2.0
Variables: CONST-SCALE-1
2.0
Dec. 8, 2022, 11:44 p.m.
Countries: Afghanistan, Albania, Angola, Argentina, Armenia, Australia, Azerbaijan, Bahamas, Belgium, Belize, Benin, Bolivia, Botswana, Brazil, Bulgaria, Burkina Faso, Cambodia, Cameroon, Colombia, Comoros, Congo, Cote D'Ivoire, Croatia, D R Congo, Djibouti, East Timor, El Salvador, Equatorial Guinea, Eritrea, Estonia, Fiji, Gabon, Ghana, Guatemala, Guinea-Bissau, Haiti, Indonesia, Italy, Jamaica, Japan, Jordan, Kyrgyzstan, Latvia, Lebanon, Liberia, Madagascar, Malaysia, Mali, Malta, Mauritius, Mexico, Mongolia, Morocco, Mozambique, New Zealand, Nicaragua, Niger, Nigeria, Norway, Palestine, Papua New Guinea, Paraguay, Peru, Poland, Qatar, Romania, Sierra Leone, Slovakia, Slovenia, South Sudan, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Switzerland, Tanzania, Togo, Uganda, Ukraine, Uzbekistan, Yemen, Zambia
Variables: ATC-SCALE-2
1.0
Variables: ATC-SCALE-2
1.0
Dec. 8, 2022, 11:42 p.m.
Countries: Afghanistan, Barbados, Bhutan, Burundi, Chad, Comoros, Congo, D R Congo, Djibouti, Eritrea, Estonia, Fiji, Gambia, Guinea, Guyana, Haiti, Honduras, Japan, Kenya, Laos, Latvia, Liberia, Madagascar, Malawi, Moldova, Papua New Guinea, Philippines, Suriname, Swaziland, Togo, Uganda, Uzbekistan, Zambia, Zimbabwe
Variables: ATC-SCALE-1
1.0
Variables: ATC-SCALE-1
1.0
Dec. 8, 2022, 6:04 p.m.
Countries: Liberia
Variables: ATC-DATA-6
"Liberia adopted its most recent National Action Plan (NAP) in 2019 for the period 2019-2023. The NAP was developed by the Ministry of Gender, Children and Social Protection through a participatory approach that included consultations with key line ministries, agencies and commissions, civil society organizations, women’s groups, youth groups, media, and international partners. The NAP is constructed on five main pillars, reflective of the key pillars of UNSCR 1325: prevention, protection, participation, relief and recovery, and coordination and accountability. Each of these pillars have dedicated outcomes, outputs, indicators and activities, which support the following goals: women and girls’ safety, physical and mental health and security are assured and are fully...more
Variables: ATC-DATA-6
"Liberia adopted its most recent National Action Plan (NAP) in 2019 for the period 2019-2023. The NAP was developed by the Ministry of Gender, Children and Social Protection through a participatory approach that included consultations with key line ministries, agencies and commissions, civil society organizations, women’s groups, youth groups, media, and international partners. The NAP is constructed on five main pillars, reflective of the key pillars of UNSCR 1325: prevention, protection, participation, relief and recovery, and coordination and accountability. Each of these pillars have dedicated outcomes, outputs, indicators and activities, which support the following goals: women and girls’ safety, physical and mental health and security are assured and are fully...more
Dec. 5, 2022, noon
Countries: Liberia
Variables: ATC-DATA-6
"Liberia adopted its most recent National Action Plan (NAP) in 2019 for the period 2019-2023. The NAP was developed by the Ministry of Gender, Children and Social Protection through a participatory approach that included consultations with key line ministries, agencies and commissions, civil society organizations, women’s groups, youth groups, media, and international partners. The NAP is constructed on five main pillars, reflective of the key pillars of UNSCR 1325: prevention, protection, participation, relief and recovery, and coordination and accountability. Each of these pillars have dedicated outcomes, outputs, indicators and activities, which support the following goals: women and girls’ safety, physical and mental health and security are assured and are fully...more
Variables: ATC-DATA-6
"Liberia adopted its most recent National Action Plan (NAP) in 2019 for the period 2019-2023. The NAP was developed by the Ministry of Gender, Children and Social Protection through a participatory approach that included consultations with key line ministries, agencies and commissions, civil society organizations, women’s groups, youth groups, media, and international partners. The NAP is constructed on five main pillars, reflective of the key pillars of UNSCR 1325: prevention, protection, participation, relief and recovery, and coordination and accountability. Each of these pillars have dedicated outcomes, outputs, indicators and activities, which support the following goals: women and girls’ safety, physical and mental health and security are assured and are fully...more
Nov. 18, 2022, 5:17 p.m.
Countries: Liberia
Variables: IAD-LAW-1
According to the "Women, Business, and the Law" database (2022), sons and daughters have equal rights to inherit assets from their parents. The WBL database cites the following as the source: Law of Wills and Intestate Succession, Secs. 3.2(a), 3.2(b), 3.4 and 3.5.
Variables: IAD-LAW-1
According to the "Women, Business, and the Law" database (2022), sons and daughters have equal rights to inherit assets from their parents. The WBL database cites the following as the source: Law of Wills and Intestate Succession, Secs. 3.2(a), 3.2(b), 3.4 and 3.5.
Nov. 18, 2022, 5:17 p.m.
Countries: Liberia
Variables: ATDW-LAW-1
According to the "Women, Business, and the Law" database (2022), the law does not provide for the valuation of nonmonetary contributions. The WBL database cites the following as the source: no source provided.
Variables: ATDW-LAW-1
According to the "Women, Business, and the Law" database (2022), the law does not provide for the valuation of nonmonetary contributions. The WBL database cites the following as the source: no source provided.
Nov. 18, 2022, 5:17 p.m.
Countries: Liberia
Variables: IAW-LAW-1
According to the "Women, Business, and the Law" database (2022), female and male surviving spouses have equal rights to inherit assets. The WBL database cites the following as the source: Law of Wills and Intestate Succession, Sec. 3.2(e) .
Variables: IAW-LAW-1
According to the "Women, Business, and the Law" database (2022), female and male surviving spouses have equal rights to inherit assets. The WBL database cites the following as the source: Law of Wills and Intestate Succession, Sec. 3.2(e) .
Nov. 18, 2022, 5:17 p.m.
Countries: Liberia
Variables: LO-LAW-1
According to the "Women, Business, and the Law" database (2022), the law does not prohibit discrimination in access to credit based on gender. The WBL database cites the following as the source: no source provided. According to the "Women, Business, and the Law" database (2022), the law allows a woman to sign a contract in the same way as a man. The WBL database cites the following as the source: Domestic Relations Law of 1973, Sec. 3.4. According to the "Women, Business, and the Law" database (2022), a woman can register a business in the same way as a man. The WBL database cites the following as the source: Domestic...more
Variables: LO-LAW-1
According to the "Women, Business, and the Law" database (2022), the law does not prohibit discrimination in access to credit based on gender. The WBL database cites the following as the source: no source provided. According to the "Women, Business, and the Law" database (2022), the law allows a woman to sign a contract in the same way as a man. The WBL database cites the following as the source: Domestic Relations Law of 1973, Sec. 3.4. According to the "Women, Business, and the Law" database (2022), a woman can register a business in the same way as a man. The WBL database cites the following as the source: Domestic...more
Sept. 1, 2022, 4:09 p.m.
Countries: Liberia
Variables: IAW-PRACTICE-1, ATFPA-PRACTICE-2
"If a husband dies, often the widow together with her children and their property are more likely to be inherited by a brother in-law. When this happens, it undermines a woman’s ability to use, access, or inherit land, such that a prevailing perception in Liberia is “property cannot own property'" (para 7). " Upon the death of her husband, in the majority of the communities in these counties, the woman is forced to decide between being “inherited” by her partner’s male relative together with her deceased husband’s land and property or be evicted from it, sometimes along with her children" (para 8). "In Liberia, a woman maintains her access to...more
Variables: IAW-PRACTICE-1, ATFPA-PRACTICE-2
"If a husband dies, often the widow together with her children and their property are more likely to be inherited by a brother in-law. When this happens, it undermines a woman’s ability to use, access, or inherit land, such that a prevailing perception in Liberia is “property cannot own property'" (para 7). " Upon the death of her husband, in the majority of the communities in these counties, the woman is forced to decide between being “inherited” by her partner’s male relative together with her deceased husband’s land and property or be evicted from it, sometimes along with her children" (para 8). "In Liberia, a woman maintains her access to...more
Sept. 1, 2022, 4:09 p.m.
Countries: Liberia
Variables: LO-PRACTICE-1
"What we found from our work (in three counties of Liberia) is that dowry places the wife among her husband’s possessions, creating a power hierarchy between them, such that the husband 'co-owns' his wife with his family. If a husband dies, often the widow together with her children and their property are more likely to be inherited by a brother in-law. When this happens, it undermines a woman’s ability to use, access, or inherit land, such that a prevailing perception in Liberia is “property cannot own property'" (para 6-7). "While women are often considered strangers in their husband’s communities and among the possessions to be inherited or evicted from the...more
Variables: LO-PRACTICE-1
"What we found from our work (in three counties of Liberia) is that dowry places the wife among her husband’s possessions, creating a power hierarchy between them, such that the husband 'co-owns' his wife with his family. If a husband dies, often the widow together with her children and their property are more likely to be inherited by a brother in-law. When this happens, it undermines a woman’s ability to use, access, or inherit land, such that a prevailing perception in Liberia is “property cannot own property'" (para 6-7). "While women are often considered strangers in their husband’s communities and among the possessions to be inherited or evicted from the...more
Sept. 1, 2022, 4:03 p.m.
Countries: Liberia
Variables: IAD-PRACTICE-1
"Daughters—as compared with sons—in the areas visited seem to rarely receive their inheritance. When daughters inherit land, their rights are often restricted to housing and use rights to farm short-term crops" (para 5).
Variables: IAD-PRACTICE-1
"Daughters—as compared with sons—in the areas visited seem to rarely receive their inheritance. When daughters inherit land, their rights are often restricted to housing and use rights to farm short-term crops" (para 5).
Sept. 1, 2022, 4:03 p.m.
Countries: Liberia
Variables: IAW-PRACTICE-1
"According to participants in the five communities visited, land inheritance by widows is often contingent on their willingness to marry a surviving male relative of their deceased husband. There are also continuing cases of forced widow inheritance, in which a widow is required to marry a male relative of her deceased spouse, even though this practice is illegal" (para 5).
Variables: IAW-PRACTICE-1
"According to participants in the five communities visited, land inheritance by widows is often contingent on their willingness to marry a surviving male relative of their deceased husband. There are also continuing cases of forced widow inheritance, in which a widow is required to marry a male relative of her deceased spouse, even though this practice is illegal" (para 5).
Sept. 1, 2022, 4:03 p.m.
Countries: Liberia
Variables: LO-PRACTICE-1
"Because de facto unions exist in a legal vacuum—given widespread confusion about legal framework for presumptive marriages — women and children in such arrangements have only tenuous rights to land, typically obtained through the husband’s male lineage and family" (para 4).
Variables: LO-PRACTICE-1
"Because de facto unions exist in a legal vacuum—given widespread confusion about legal framework for presumptive marriages — women and children in such arrangements have only tenuous rights to land, typically obtained through the husband’s male lineage and family" (para 4).
March 19, 2022, 9:15 p.m.
Countries: Liberia
Variables: INFIB-DATA-2
"Some 58 per cent of Liberian women and girls have undergone female genital mutilation (FGM), a practice widely used by a secret society called Sande, says the report. Women and girls from poor households are twice likely to experience FGM than those from wealthy ones" (para 4). This shows that the practice of FGM falls in category (1) Frequent or common (ST-CODER COMMENT).
Variables: INFIB-DATA-2
"Some 58 per cent of Liberian women and girls have undergone female genital mutilation (FGM), a practice widely used by a secret society called Sande, says the report. Women and girls from poor households are twice likely to experience FGM than those from wealthy ones" (para 4). This shows that the practice of FGM falls in category (1) Frequent or common (ST-CODER COMMENT).
March 19, 2022, 9:15 p.m.
Countries: Liberia
Variables: INFIB-PRACTICE-1
"A UN report released today documents the negative impact on human rights of some traditional and cultural practices in Liberia, including female genital mutilation, forced initiation into secret societies, accusations of witchcraft, trials by ordeal and ritualistic killing" (para 1). "Some 58 per cent of Liberian women and girls have undergone female genital mutilation (FGM), a practice widely used by a secret society called Sande, says the report. Women and girls from poor households are twice likely to experience FGM than those from wealthy ones.The report stresses the negative consequences of FGM, which is generally performed without anesthesia, on the health and physical integrity of these women and girls. 'In...more
Variables: INFIB-PRACTICE-1
"A UN report released today documents the negative impact on human rights of some traditional and cultural practices in Liberia, including female genital mutilation, forced initiation into secret societies, accusations of witchcraft, trials by ordeal and ritualistic killing" (para 1). "Some 58 per cent of Liberian women and girls have undergone female genital mutilation (FGM), a practice widely used by a secret society called Sande, says the report. Women and girls from poor households are twice likely to experience FGM than those from wealthy ones.The report stresses the negative consequences of FGM, which is generally performed without anesthesia, on the health and physical integrity of these women and girls. 'In...more
March 19, 2022, 9:15 p.m.
Countries: Liberia
Variables: DACH-PRACTICE-1, AFE-PRACTICE-1
"The report stresses the negative consequences of FGM, which is generally performed without anesthesia, on the health and physical integrity of these women and girls. 'In addition to the extreme pain… the lack of medically sterilized equipment and facilities increases the likelihood of infection and lasting physical damage, and may even lead to death,' says the report. Girls’ education is also disrupted as they are often removed from formal schooling to attend 'bush school' and undergo FGM"(para 5).
Variables: DACH-PRACTICE-1, AFE-PRACTICE-1
"The report stresses the negative consequences of FGM, which is generally performed without anesthesia, on the health and physical integrity of these women and girls. 'In addition to the extreme pain… the lack of medically sterilized equipment and facilities increases the likelihood of infection and lasting physical damage, and may even lead to death,' says the report. Girls’ education is also disrupted as they are often removed from formal schooling to attend 'bush school' and undergo FGM"(para 5).
March 19, 2022, 9:15 p.m.
Countries: Liberia
Variables: MURDER-LAW-1
"'The authorities often hesitate to investigate or prosecute cases involving trial by ordeal, due to the perceived cultural dimensions of the practices (female genital mutilation, forced initiation into secret societies, accusations of witchcraft, trials by ordeal and ritualistic killing). As a result, criminal offenses committed during trial by ordeal go unpunished. This has generated a widespread culture of impunity among traditional actors,' the report says" (para 9).
Variables: MURDER-LAW-1
"'The authorities often hesitate to investigate or prosecute cases involving trial by ordeal, due to the perceived cultural dimensions of the practices (female genital mutilation, forced initiation into secret societies, accusations of witchcraft, trials by ordeal and ritualistic killing). As a result, criminal offenses committed during trial by ordeal go unpunished. This has generated a widespread culture of impunity among traditional actors,' the report says" (para 9).