Latest items for Thailand
Sept. 8, 2023, 12:49 p.m.
Countries: Thailand
Variables: AOM-DATA-2
"Women who were first married by age 18 (% of women ages 20-24) is '20.2%.'"
Variables: AOM-DATA-2
"Women who were first married by age 18 (% of women ages 20-24) is '20.2%.'"
Aug. 31, 2023, 9 a.m.
Countries: Thailand
Variables: ERBG-DATA-4
"Part time employment, female (% of total female employment) is '21.8%.'" "Part time employment, male (% of total male employment) is '21%.'"
Variables: ERBG-DATA-4
"Part time employment, female (% of total female employment) is '21.8%.'" "Part time employment, male (% of total male employment) is '21%.'"
June 17, 2023, 5:11 p.m.
Countries: Angola, Botswana, Cambodia, Canada, Cape Verde, Colombia, Cote D'Ivoire, Djibouti, Dominican Republic, East Timor, Eritrea, Fiji, Ghana, Guyana, Kenya, Kyrgyzstan, Laos, Lesotho, Malaysia, Maldives, Mauritius, Moldova, Namibia, Nepal, Slovakia, Somalia, Suriname, Thailand, Turkmenistan
Variables: MARR-SCALE-2
3.0
Variables: MARR-SCALE-2
3.0
June 17, 2023, 1:15 p.m.
Countries: Thailand
Variables: IAW-LAW-1
According to the "Women, Business and the Law" database (2022), female and male surviving spouses have equal rights to inherit assets. The WBL database cites the following as the source: Civil and Commercial Code, Secs. 1629, 1632 and 1635 .
Variables: IAW-LAW-1
According to the "Women, Business and the Law" database (2022), female and male surviving spouses have equal rights to inherit assets. The WBL database cites the following as the source: Civil and Commercial Code, Secs. 1629, 1632 and 1635 .
June 17, 2023, 1:15 p.m.
Countries: Thailand
Variables: IAD-LAW-1
According to the "Women, Business and the Law" database (2022), sons and daughters have equal rights to inherit assets from their parents. The WBL database cites the following as the source: Civil and Commercial Code, Secs. 1629, 1632 and 1633.
Variables: IAD-LAW-1
According to the "Women, Business and the Law" database (2022), sons and daughters have equal rights to inherit assets from their parents. The WBL database cites the following as the source: Civil and Commercial Code, Secs. 1629, 1632 and 1633.
June 17, 2023, 1:15 p.m.
Countries: Thailand
Variables: LO-LAW-1
According to the "Women, Business and the Law" database (2022), the law does not prohibit discrimination in access to credit based on gender. The WBL database cites the following as the source: no source provided. According to the "Women, Business and the Law" database (2022), a woman can sign a contract in the same way as a man. The WBL database cites the following as the source: Civil and Commercial Code, Secs. 19 and 354-368. According to the "Women, Business and the Law" database (2022), a woman can register a business in the same way as a man. The WBL database cites the following as the source: Civil and Commercial...more
Variables: LO-LAW-1
According to the "Women, Business and the Law" database (2022), the law does not prohibit discrimination in access to credit based on gender. The WBL database cites the following as the source: no source provided. According to the "Women, Business and the Law" database (2022), a woman can sign a contract in the same way as a man. The WBL database cites the following as the source: Civil and Commercial Code, Secs. 19 and 354-368. According to the "Women, Business and the Law" database (2022), a woman can register a business in the same way as a man. The WBL database cites the following as the source: Civil and Commercial...more
June 2, 2023, 12:56 p.m.
Countries: Thailand
Variables: MARR-PRACTICE-8
"The purposes of the study were to examine the effects of parental arrangement marriage and consanguineous marriage among Thai families. The subjects were purposive sampling consisted of 3,994 pregnant women in Prospective Cohort Study of Thai Children (PCTC) project. The Data were collected by interviewing using questionnaires. The findings revealed that 14.7% of the couples had parent arrangement marriage, and 8.7% reported consanguíneous marriage. From binary logistic regression analysis, parental arrangement marriage increased the risk for unsatisfied marital relationship (OR=2.67). However, consanguineous marriage did not show the same effect. Further research within the PCTC cohort and the study on Thai families adaptation process and childrearing outcomes were recommended" (para 1).more
Variables: MARR-PRACTICE-8
"The purposes of the study were to examine the effects of parental arrangement marriage and consanguineous marriage among Thai families. The subjects were purposive sampling consisted of 3,994 pregnant women in Prospective Cohort Study of Thai Children (PCTC) project. The Data were collected by interviewing using questionnaires. The findings revealed that 14.7% of the couples had parent arrangement marriage, and 8.7% reported consanguíneous marriage. From binary logistic regression analysis, parental arrangement marriage increased the risk for unsatisfied marital relationship (OR=2.67). However, consanguineous marriage did not show the same effect. Further research within the PCTC cohort and the study on Thai families adaptation process and childrearing outcomes were recommended" (para 1).more
May 27, 2023, 2:26 a.m.
Countries: Thailand
Variables: ATDW-PRACTICE-1
"When a couple divorces in Thailand all marital property (sin somros) is divided equally. personal property (sin suan tua) remains owned by the individual. Thus marital property is anything acquired during marriage by way of gift, purchase, or inheritance. Personal property is anything acquired before the marriage like a house, tools, equipment and any possessions. If both parties agree then the proceedings are straight forward. Both parties are responsible for debts incurred from household affairs, education and medical bills. One can have a legal prenuptial agreement where property is subject to foreign laws. To be valid the prenuptial must be tendered at the marriage registration to be effective and signed...more
Variables: ATDW-PRACTICE-1
"When a couple divorces in Thailand all marital property (sin somros) is divided equally. personal property (sin suan tua) remains owned by the individual. Thus marital property is anything acquired during marriage by way of gift, purchase, or inheritance. Personal property is anything acquired before the marriage like a house, tools, equipment and any possessions. If both parties agree then the proceedings are straight forward. Both parties are responsible for debts incurred from household affairs, education and medical bills. One can have a legal prenuptial agreement where property is subject to foreign laws. To be valid the prenuptial must be tendered at the marriage registration to be effective and signed...more
May 11, 2023, 8:41 a.m.
Countries: Thailand
Variables: LO-PRACTICE-1, IAW-PRACTICE-1, IAD-PRACTICE-1
"However, in rural areas communities continue to make decisions based on customary law, developing communal rules of allocating resources, making decisions and dealing with disputes in a manner that may be to the disadvantage of women’s access to land, property and inheritance" (6).
Variables: LO-PRACTICE-1, IAW-PRACTICE-1, IAD-PRACTICE-1
"However, in rural areas communities continue to make decisions based on customary law, developing communal rules of allocating resources, making decisions and dealing with disputes in a manner that may be to the disadvantage of women’s access to land, property and inheritance" (6).
May 11, 2023, 8:39 a.m.
Countries: Thailand
Variables: ATDW-LAW-1
" Following divorce, the Civil and Commercial Code stipulates that commonly held property (Sin Somros) is to be divided equally between man and woman (Thailand, 1925, Sec. 1533). During the marriage, each spouse manages his or her own individual property (Sin Suan Tua) (Thailand, 1925, Sec. 1473)" (5-6).
Variables: ATDW-LAW-1
" Following divorce, the Civil and Commercial Code stipulates that commonly held property (Sin Somros) is to be divided equally between man and woman (Thailand, 1925, Sec. 1533). During the marriage, each spouse manages his or her own individual property (Sin Suan Tua) (Thailand, 1925, Sec. 1473)" (5-6).
May 11, 2023, 8:34 a.m.
Countries: Thailand
Variables: LO-LAW-1, IAW-LAW-1, IAD-LAW-1
"As per the Civil and Commercial Code, daughters and sons and female and male surviving spouses have equal rights to inherit land and non-land assets, and to make a will (Thailand, 1925, Sec. 1629). The code specifies an order of inheritance for different classes of statutory heirs, beginning with descendants, then parents, brothers and sisters, and grandparents (Thailand, 1925, Sec. 1629). Surviving spouses are entitled to the same share as the deceased’s children (Thailand, 1925, Sec. 1635)" (3).
Variables: LO-LAW-1, IAW-LAW-1, IAD-LAW-1
"As per the Civil and Commercial Code, daughters and sons and female and male surviving spouses have equal rights to inherit land and non-land assets, and to make a will (Thailand, 1925, Sec. 1629). The code specifies an order of inheritance for different classes of statutory heirs, beginning with descendants, then parents, brothers and sisters, and grandparents (Thailand, 1925, Sec. 1629). Surviving spouses are entitled to the same share as the deceased’s children (Thailand, 1925, Sec. 1635)" (3).
May 11, 2023, 8:32 a.m.
Countries: Thailand
Variables: LO-LAW-1
"The Civil and Commercial Code does not explicitly assign head of household responsibility, but it does state that 'husband and wife shall maintain and support each other, according to [their] ability and condition in life' (Thailand, 1925, Sec. 1461). The law does not require women to obey their husband, and their liberty to choose where to live is guaranteed by the Thai Constitution (Thailand, 2007, Art. 34). Women have equal rights to exercise parental authority and share rights and responsibilities with regard to their children (Thailand, 1925, Sec. 1564-1566)" (2). "The Civil and Commercial Code takes precedent over customary, traditional and religious laws in matters of inheritance" (3). "As per...more
Variables: LO-LAW-1
"The Civil and Commercial Code does not explicitly assign head of household responsibility, but it does state that 'husband and wife shall maintain and support each other, according to [their] ability and condition in life' (Thailand, 1925, Sec. 1461). The law does not require women to obey their husband, and their liberty to choose where to live is guaranteed by the Thai Constitution (Thailand, 2007, Art. 34). Women have equal rights to exercise parental authority and share rights and responsibilities with regard to their children (Thailand, 1925, Sec. 1564-1566)" (2). "The Civil and Commercial Code takes precedent over customary, traditional and religious laws in matters of inheritance" (3). "As per...more
May 11, 2023, 8:06 a.m.
Countries: Thailand
Variables: LO-PRACTICE-1, LO-LAW-1
"Thai Women generally have pretty high status. They retain property rights and can own land. They have freedom of movement and work in many fields, enjoying many of the same rights as men. Article 38 of the Thai constitution states that all citizens should enjoy equal protection under the law regardless of origin, sex or religion... Despite all this it is hard to say that women are treated equally in Thailand. There are cultural barriers that have to be overcome. In Theravada Buddhism, for example, there is a belief that women must be reborn as men to achieve nirvana" (para 1-2).
Variables: LO-PRACTICE-1, LO-LAW-1
"Thai Women generally have pretty high status. They retain property rights and can own land. They have freedom of movement and work in many fields, enjoying many of the same rights as men. Article 38 of the Thai constitution states that all citizens should enjoy equal protection under the law regardless of origin, sex or religion... Despite all this it is hard to say that women are treated equally in Thailand. There are cultural barriers that have to be overcome. In Theravada Buddhism, for example, there is a belief that women must be reborn as men to achieve nirvana" (para 1-2).
Jan. 6, 2023, 4:10 p.m.
Countries: Thailand
Variables: LRW-LAW-2
"Sex offenders will be offered chemical castration in Thailand in a bid to cut down reoffending after lawmakers approved the controversial procedure. Criminals who are considered likely to commit more sex attacks after their release will be given the option of the injection, which lowers their testosterone levels, in return for a reduced prison sentence. The procedure will require the approval of two doctors and the offenders will still be monitored for 10 years and made to wear electronic bracelets. The bill, which the lower house passed in March, was approved late on Monday by 145 senators, with two abstentions. It still requires another house vote, then royal endorsement" (para...more
Variables: LRW-LAW-2
"Sex offenders will be offered chemical castration in Thailand in a bid to cut down reoffending after lawmakers approved the controversial procedure. Criminals who are considered likely to commit more sex attacks after their release will be given the option of the injection, which lowers their testosterone levels, in return for a reduced prison sentence. The procedure will require the approval of two doctors and the offenders will still be monitored for 10 years and made to wear electronic bracelets. The bill, which the lower house passed in March, was approved late on Monday by 145 senators, with two abstentions. It still requires another house vote, then royal endorsement" (para...more
Jan. 6, 2023, 4:10 p.m.
Countries: Thailand
Variables: SEGI-PRACTICE-1
"If approved, Thailand would join a small group of countries that use chemical castration, among them Poland, South Korea, Russia and Estonia, plus some U.S. states. 'I want this law to pass quickly,' Justice Minister Somsak Thepsuthin said on Tuesday. 'I don't want to see news about bad things happening to women again,' he said" (para 6-7). "Jaded Chouwilai, director of the Women and Men Progressive Movement Foundation, a non-governmental organisation that addresses sexual violence, among other areas, said use of chemical castration would not tackle sex crime. 'Convicts should be rehabilitated by changing their mindset while in prison,' he said. 'To use punishment like execution or injected castration reinforces...more
Variables: SEGI-PRACTICE-1
"If approved, Thailand would join a small group of countries that use chemical castration, among them Poland, South Korea, Russia and Estonia, plus some U.S. states. 'I want this law to pass quickly,' Justice Minister Somsak Thepsuthin said on Tuesday. 'I don't want to see news about bad things happening to women again,' he said" (para 6-7). "Jaded Chouwilai, director of the Women and Men Progressive Movement Foundation, a non-governmental organisation that addresses sexual violence, among other areas, said use of chemical castration would not tackle sex crime. 'Convicts should be rehabilitated by changing their mindset while in prison,' he said. 'To use punishment like execution or injected castration reinforces...more
Jan. 6, 2023, 4:10 p.m.
Countries: Thailand
Variables: NGOFW-PRACTICE-1
"Jaded Chouwilai, director of the Women and Men Progressive Movement Foundation, a non-governmental organisation that addresses sexual violence, among other areas, said use of chemical castration would not tackle sex crime. 'Convicts should be rehabilitated by changing their mindset while in prison,' he said. 'To use punishment like execution or injected castration reinforces the idea that offender can no longer be rehabilitated'" (para 8-10).
Variables: NGOFW-PRACTICE-1
"Jaded Chouwilai, director of the Women and Men Progressive Movement Foundation, a non-governmental organisation that addresses sexual violence, among other areas, said use of chemical castration would not tackle sex crime. 'Convicts should be rehabilitated by changing their mindset while in prison,' he said. 'To use punishment like execution or injected castration reinforces the idea that offender can no longer be rehabilitated'" (para 8-10).
Jan. 6, 2023, 4:10 p.m.
Countries: Thailand
Variables: LRW-DATA-1
"Of 16,413 convicted sex offenders released from Thai prisons between 2013 and 2020, there were 4,848 who re-offended, according to corrections department figures" (para 5).
Variables: LRW-DATA-1
"Of 16,413 convicted sex offenders released from Thai prisons between 2013 and 2020, there were 4,848 who re-offended, according to corrections department figures" (para 5).
Dec. 8, 2022, 11:47 p.m.
Countries: Bulgaria, China, Comoros, D R Congo, Estonia, Guatemala, Haiti, Honduras, Ireland, Japan, Kazakhstan, Latvia, Madagascar, Nepal, Netherlands, Panama, South Korea, Spain, Thailand, Trinidad/Tobago, Turkey, United Kingdom, Uzbekistan, Vietnam
Variables: MULTIVAR-SCALE-5
2.0
Variables: MULTIVAR-SCALE-5
2.0
Dec. 8, 2022, 11:45 p.m.
Countries: Albania, Armenia, Australia, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Belgium, Belize, Bhutan, Bolivia, Bosnia-Herzegovina, Brazil, Burundi, Cambodia, Cameroon, Canada, China, Colombia, Comoros, Costa Rica, Croatia, Cuba, Cyprus, D R Congo, Denmark, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Equatorial Guinea, Estonia, Fiji, Gabon, Gambia, Georgia, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Guyana, Haiti, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Jamaica, Japan, Kazakhstan, Kosovo, Kyrgyzstan, Laos, Latvia, Lithuania, Macedonia, Madagascar, Mali, Malta, Mexico, Moldova, Mongolia, Montenegro, Nepal, Netherlands, New Zealand, Nicaragua, Norway, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, Philippines, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Russia, Senegal, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Solomon Islands, Somalia, South Korea, Spain, Suriname, Sweden, Switzerland, Taiwan, Tajikistan, Thailand, Trinidad/Tobago, Tunisia, Turkey, Turkmenistan, Ukraine, United Kingdom, United States, Uruguay, Uzbekistan, Vanuatu, Venezuela, Vietnam
Variables: CONST-SCALE-1
0.0
Variables: CONST-SCALE-1
0.0
Dec. 8, 2022, 11:44 p.m.
Countries: Austria, Bahrain, Bangladesh, Belarus, Bhutan, Bosnia-Herzegovina, Burma/Myanmar, Burundi, Canada, Cape Verde, Chile, China, Costa Rica, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Egypt, Finland, France, Gambia, Georgia, Germany, Greece, Guyana, Honduras, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Kenya, Kosovo, Laos, Lesotho, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Macedonia, Maldives, Moldova, Montenegro, Namibia, Netherlands, Philippines, Portugal, Russia, Rwanda, Senegal, Serbia, Solomon Islands, Somalia, South Africa, South Korea, Spain, Suriname, Swaziland, Sweden, Tajikistan, Thailand, Trinidad/Tobago, Tunisia, Turkey, Turkmenistan, United Arab Emirates, United Kingdom, United States, Uruguay, Vanuatu, Vietnam
Variables: ATC-SCALE-2
0.0
Variables: ATC-SCALE-2
0.0
Dec. 8, 2022, 11:42 p.m.
Countries: Albania, Algeria, Argentina, Australia, Bahamas, Bahrain, Bangladesh, Brazil, Brunei, Burma/Myanmar, China, Cuba, Egypt, El Salvador, Ethiopia, India, Indonesia, Iraq, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Jamaica, Jordan, Kuwait, Lebanon, Lesotho, Libya, Malaysia, Maldives, Malta, Mauritania, Mauritius, Morocco, Mozambique, Namibia, Netherlands, Niger, Nigeria, North Korea, Oman, Pakistan, Qatar, Rwanda, Saudi Arabia, Sierra Leone, Singapore, South Africa, South Korea, South Sudan, Spain, Switzerland, Syria, Thailand, Trinidad/Tobago, Turkey, United Arab Emirates, United Kingdom, Venezuela, Vietnam, Yemen
Variables: ATC-SCALE-1
2.0
Variables: ATC-SCALE-1
2.0
Dec. 8, 2022, 6:04 p.m.
Countries: Thailand
Variables: ATC-DATA-6
"This Action Plan, which was prepared by the OECD at the request of the Thai Government, recommends that Thailand leverage existing foundations across government to develop gender budgeting. One of these is the national gender equality strategy, in the form of the Women’s Development Strategy (2017-2021). This strategy sets out goals, objectives and targets in the area of gender equality. Another is the four gender equality committees, particularly the National Committee on the Policy and Strategy for the Advancement of Women (KorYorSor), chaired by the Prime Minister, and the Committee for Promoting the Improvement of the Status of Women (KorSorSor), which supports KorYorSor in implementation. The Department for Women’s Affairs...more
Variables: ATC-DATA-6
"This Action Plan, which was prepared by the OECD at the request of the Thai Government, recommends that Thailand leverage existing foundations across government to develop gender budgeting. One of these is the national gender equality strategy, in the form of the Women’s Development Strategy (2017-2021). This strategy sets out goals, objectives and targets in the area of gender equality. Another is the four gender equality committees, particularly the National Committee on the Policy and Strategy for the Advancement of Women (KorYorSor), chaired by the Prime Minister, and the Committee for Promoting the Improvement of the Status of Women (KorSorSor), which supports KorYorSor in implementation. The Department for Women’s Affairs...more
Dec. 5, 2022, noon
Countries: Thailand
Variables: ATC-DATA-6
"This Action Plan, which was prepared by the OECD at the request of the Thai Government, recommends that Thailand leverage existing foundations across government to develop gender budgeting. One of these is the national gender equality strategy, in the form of the Women’s Development Strategy (2017-2021). This strategy sets out goals, objectives and targets in the area of gender equality. Another is the four gender equality committees, particularly the National Committee on the Policy and Strategy for the Advancement of Women (KorYorSor), chaired by the Prime Minister, and the Committee for Promoting the Improvement of the Status of Women (KorSorSor), which supports KorYorSor in implementation. The Department for Women’s Affairs...more
Variables: ATC-DATA-6
"This Action Plan, which was prepared by the OECD at the request of the Thai Government, recommends that Thailand leverage existing foundations across government to develop gender budgeting. One of these is the national gender equality strategy, in the form of the Women’s Development Strategy (2017-2021). This strategy sets out goals, objectives and targets in the area of gender equality. Another is the four gender equality committees, particularly the National Committee on the Policy and Strategy for the Advancement of Women (KorYorSor), chaired by the Prime Minister, and the Committee for Promoting the Improvement of the Status of Women (KorSorSor), which supports KorYorSor in implementation. The Department for Women’s Affairs...more
Feb. 11, 2022, 5 p.m.
Countries: Thailand
Variables: DV-PRACTICE-2
"The Ministry of Public Health operated one-stop crisis centers to provide information and services to victims of physical and sexual abuse throughout the country. The law establishes measures designed to facilitate both the reporting of domestic violence complaints and reconciliation between the victim and the perpetrator. Moreover, the law restricts media reporting on domestic-violence cases in the judicial system. NGOs expressed concern the law’s family unity approach puts undue pressure on a victim to compromise without addressing safety issues and led to a low conviction rate" (32). "The government operated shelters for domestic-violence victims, one in each province. The government’s crisis centers, located in all state-run hospitals, cared for abused...more
Variables: DV-PRACTICE-2
"The Ministry of Public Health operated one-stop crisis centers to provide information and services to victims of physical and sexual abuse throughout the country. The law establishes measures designed to facilitate both the reporting of domestic violence complaints and reconciliation between the victim and the perpetrator. Moreover, the law restricts media reporting on domestic-violence cases in the judicial system. NGOs expressed concern the law’s family unity approach puts undue pressure on a victim to compromise without addressing safety issues and led to a low conviction rate" (32). "The government operated shelters for domestic-violence victims, one in each province. The government’s crisis centers, located in all state-run hospitals, cared for abused...more
Feb. 11, 2022, 5 p.m.
Countries: Thailand
Variables: INFIB-LAW-1
"No specific law prohibits this practice [of FGM/C]" (32).
Variables: INFIB-LAW-1
"No specific law prohibits this practice [of FGM/C]" (32).
Feb. 11, 2022, 5 p.m.
Countries: Thailand
Variables: DV-LAW-2
"Those convicted of abandoning a child younger than age nine are subject to a jail term of three years, a fine of up to THB 60,000 ($2,000), or both" (34).
Variables: DV-LAW-2
"Those convicted of abandoning a child younger than age nine are subject to a jail term of three years, a fine of up to THB 60,000 ($2,000), or both" (34).
Feb. 11, 2022, 5 p.m.
Countries: Thailand
Variables: DV-PRACTICE-1
"Authorities prosecuted some domestic-violence crimes under provisions for assault or violence against a person, where they could seek harsher penalties. Women’s rights groups reported domestic violence frequently went unreported, however, and police often were reluctant to pursue reports of domestic violence" (32). "According to advocacy groups, police showed reluctance to investigate abuse cases, which in turn impacted prosecutorial outcomes" (34).
Variables: DV-PRACTICE-1
"Authorities prosecuted some domestic-violence crimes under provisions for assault or violence against a person, where they could seek harsher penalties. Women’s rights groups reported domestic violence frequently went unreported, however, and police often were reluctant to pursue reports of domestic violence" (32). "According to advocacy groups, police showed reluctance to investigate abuse cases, which in turn impacted prosecutorial outcomes" (34).
Feb. 11, 2022, 5 p.m.
Countries: Thailand
Variables: PRN-LAW-1
"The law prohibits the production, distribution, import, or export of child pornography" (35).
Variables: PRN-LAW-1
"The law prohibits the production, distribution, import, or export of child pornography" (35).
Feb. 11, 2022, 5 p.m.
Countries: Thailand
Variables: LRCM-LAW-2
"The law permits authorities to prosecute spousal rape" (31).
Variables: LRCM-LAW-2
"The law permits authorities to prosecute spousal rape" (31).
Feb. 11, 2022, 5 p.m.
Countries: Thailand
Variables: LRW-LAW-1
"Rape of men and women is illegal... NGOs expressed concern, however, that the amendment narrowed the definition of rape to acts in which male sex organs were used to physically violate victims, thereby leaving victims assaulted by perpetrators using other body parts or inanimate objects without legal remedies" (31). "[L]aws on rape and abandonment carry harsher penalties if the victim is a child" (34).
Variables: LRW-LAW-1
"Rape of men and women is illegal... NGOs expressed concern, however, that the amendment narrowed the definition of rape to acts in which male sex organs were used to physically violate victims, thereby leaving victims assaulted by perpetrators using other body parts or inanimate objects without legal remedies" (31). "[L]aws on rape and abandonment carry harsher penalties if the victim is a child" (34).