Countries: United States
Variables: UVAW-PRACTICE-1

"[G]ender-based violence, often manifested as domestic violence" (Para 10).

Countries: United States
Variables: ADDL-DATA-1

"Statistics show that, on average, a woman returns to her abuser nine times before breaking the cycle,” Faneite indicated" (Para 11). "In this same light, a recent survey and research about Latinas in rural areas of California found that only 37% of Latina IPV survivors sought medical help, 27% police help, 25% legal aid, and just 14% social services" (Para 26).

Countries: United States
Variables: DV-DATA-1

"[G]ender-based violence, often manifested as domestic violence" (Para 10). "[N]ormalized yet harmful ideas about what it means to be in a relationship continue to influence many Latinas: 'We come from an idea of romantic love where jealousy, harassment, and controlling behaviors have been normalized and are often seen as expressions of love'" (Para 20). "The CDC estimates that about 42% of Latinas (7.6 million) have experienced sexual violence, physical violence, and/or stalking by an intimate partner at some point, as published in their last National Intimate Partner and Sexual Violence Survey (NISVS)" (Para 21). "Also, among Latinx couples, reoccurrence rates of domestic violence can be as high as 59%, compared...more

Countries: United States
Variables: IRP-PRACTICE-2

"In the current context of heightened immigration enforcement, many feel increasingly afraid to call the police or seek social services for fear of deportation. Moreover, abusive partners frequently exploit this vulnerability, using immigration status as a control tactic to keep survivors trapped in violent relationships. Additionally, the threat of taking away their children has been identified as a particularly common and devastating form of control, particularly against undocumented, non-English-speaking women" (Para 24).

Countries: United States
Variables: LDS-PRACTICE-2

"She feels trapped because her U.S. visa is entirely tied to his work status" (Para 5). "[T]hey planned to live in California. But he claimed the paperwork for her residency would take “too long,” so he pressured her to come in “a less conventional way,” to say the least. “I trusted him. I decided to go through with it. Back then, the good memories of the man I loved felt real to me,” she explained. Once she crossed the border, the situation in the U.S. quickly began to raise red flags. They moved frequently, and he would lock her inside empty houses with no furniture or food while he was...more

Countries: United States
Variables: LRW-DATA-1

"The CDC estimates that about 42% of Latinas (7.6 million) have experienced sexual violence, physical violence, and/or stalking by an intimate partner at some point, as published in their last National Intimate Partner and Sexual Violence Survey (NISVS)" (Para 21). "Also, among Latinx couples, reoccurrence rates of domestic violence can be as high as 59%, compared to 37% for White couples" (Para 22).

Countries: United States
Variables: LRW-PRACTICE-2

"She admits that the fact he’s never hit her has made everything more confusing...Mariana appears to have a ‘beautiful life’ — married to a successful, celebrated, and good-looking man no one would ever suspect is violent" (Para 6). This suggests people don't usually believe someone who doesn't fit a certain image could be an abuser (CODER COMMENT-JS). "[C]ultural phenomena such as familismo and marianismo, along with a rigid adherence to certain Catholic values, often pressure survivors to stay silent and endure the violence" (Para 19). A big part of their culture is family roles and the idea that women take after the Virgin Mary and are always nurturing, self-sacrificing, and...more

Countries: United States
Variables: NGOFW-DATA-1

"She connected with the organization Mil Mujeres, a nonprofit dedicated to empowering immigrant women in the U.S., offering legal services and advocacy for survivors of domestic and gender-based violence" (Para 38).

Countries: United States
Variables: TRAFF-PRACTICE-2

"[T]hey planned to live in California. But he claimed the paperwork for her residency would take “too long,” so he pressured her to come in “a less conventional way,” to say the least. “I trusted him. I decided to go through with it. Back then, the good memories of the man I loved felt real to me,” she explained. Once she crossed the border, the situation in the U.S. quickly began to raise red flags. They moved frequently, and he would lock her inside empty houses with no furniture or food while he was out all day. He would only bring her a few things to eat at night...Everything finally...more

Countries: United States
Variables: ERBG-PRACTICE-3

“In 1978, a human resources executive named Marilyn Loden participated in a panel discussion at the Women’s Exposition in New York City about women’s career ambitions. While much of the conversation revolved around the behavioral changes that women should make in order to succeed, Marilyn argued instead that the real issue was the structural barriers keeping them from the top. She stated that there was an “invisible glass ceiling” standing in the way of their aspirations and opportunities. Since then, that image of a glass ceiling sitting at the top of the corporate ladder has become a pervasive symbol of the obstacles that women face when reaching for the top...more

Countries: United States
Variables: MARR-LAW-7

"First cousins are still legally allowed to marry one another in Florida after state lawmakers failed to ban the practice. State Representative Dean Black, a Republican, introduced an amendment to existing legislation that would outlaw marrying 'a lineal descendant' of your grandparent, which would include cousins. The amendment would have made this illegal by July 2026. However, on the last day of the legislative session, Black told Action News Jax that disagreements over other elements of the bill led to an impasse. Because of that, the measure was never adopted and for now, cousins can still marry in the Sunshine State" (para 1-4). "Florida is one of 16 states that...more

Countries: United States
Variables: CWC-DATA-3

"From 2001 to 2023, a massive surge of more than 111,000 Somali refugees arrived in the US, largely settling in Minnesota and New York. Last year, 4,790 Somali refugees arrived stateside, according to the US Office of Homeland Security Statistics" (para 56-57). "In the US, Minnesota has the largest population of Somalis in the country at around 80,000" (para 59). "The US first determined the Somali Bantu as a persecuted minority group in 1999 and agreed to admit up to 12,000 immigrants, although their initial resettlement was delayed by the 9/11 terror attacks" (para 64).

Countries: United States
Variables: INFIB-DATA-2

"A 2021 study by the prestigious Johns Hopkins School of Public Health estimated that about eight in 10 Somali women living in the US are victims of FGM. Of the 879 women included in the study, only 44 were born in the US and the research did not break down how likely they were to have had the procedure" (para 11).

Countries: United States
Variables: MARR-PRACTICE-7

"Somalia's deeply rooted social traditions — child marriages, high rates of in group remarrying, and patriarchal family structures — also complicate integration into US society, where values of gender equality, individual autonomy, and secular civic norms dominate" (para 49). This information mentions 'in-group remarrying' which testifies to the endogamy practice of marriage mentioned in for this variable (MR-CODER COMMENT).

Countries: United States
Variables: MARR-PRACTICE-1

"Somalia's deeply rooted social traditions — child marriages, high rates of in group remarrying, and patriarchal family structures — also complicate integration into US society, where values of gender equality, individual autonomy, and secular civic norms dominate" (para 49). This information mentions 'child marriages' which indicates marriage being a forced practice for the girls (MR-CODER COMMENT).