The most comprehensive compilation of information on the status of
women in the world.

Latest items for ACR-PRACTICE-1

Jan. 17, 2026, 3:20 p.m.
Countries: United States
Variables: ACR-PRACTICE-1

"That number doesn’t just include those able to drop $100,000 to avoid the indignities and the stretch marks and the sheer pain of childbirth. It’s also women like Sophie Islip, a 39-year-old florist in Utah, who 'always wanted a baby' and figured she’d end up with 'the marriage, and a white picket fence' but now finds herself freezing her eggs in Greece, where it’s cheaper, and lining up a surrogate in Argentina. Or women who turn to surrogacy so they can stay on antidepressants. Or it’s the infertile couples that Ashley works with in China, where surrogacy is illegal, but who know to take advantage of the lax laws and...more
Jan. 17, 2026, 3:20 p.m.
Countries: United Kingdom
Variables: ACR-PRACTICE-1

"Marin [a surrogate fixer in Puerto Vallarta, Mexico] spends his days… connecting couples—mostly gay men from rich countries like France, Great Britain, the U.S., and Israel—with Mexican women who gestate their children" (para 29). Surrogacy is legal in the UK, but must be altruistic, so many couples purchase surrogates internationally (LEN - CODER COMMENT).
Jan. 17, 2026, 3:20 p.m.
Countries: Norway
Variables: ACR-PRACTICE-1

"A Norwegian philosopher wrote a paper last year advocating for WBGD, or whole body gestational donation, where women in a persistent vegetative state would be impregnated with other people’s embryos, and gestate that child, all while brain-dead" (para 71).
Jan. 17, 2026, 3:20 p.m.
Countries: New Zealand
Variables: ACR-PRACTICE-1

"Marin [a surrogate fixer in Puerto Vallarta] is at the epicenter of the international surrogate market: Mexico... He told me this last month on speakerphone as he was driving to the airport to pick up some IPs, or intended parents, flying in from New Zealand " (para 25-27). In New Zealand, only altruistic surrogacy is allowed, so New Zealand couples purchase surrogates internationally instead (LEN - CODER COMMENT).
Jan. 17, 2026, 3:20 p.m.
Countries: Mexico
Variables: ACR-PRACTICE-1

"Marin [a surrogate fixer in Puerto Vallarta] is at the epicenter of the international surrogate market: Mexico. When he started out as manager for LIV Fertility Center in Puerto Vallarta, Marin told me, 'I didn’t even know what a menstrual cycle was.' That was in 2015. Now Marin runs his own company—it’s called AMx3 Solutions—and he is trying to corner the Australian market. He told me this last month on speakerphone as he was driving to the airport to pick up some IPs, or intended parents, flying in from New Zealand. It seemed like everyone was calling him to find a surrogate" (para 25-27). "Marin [a surrogate fixer in Puerto...more
Jan. 17, 2026, 3:20 p.m.
Countries: Israel
Variables: ACR-PRACTICE-1

"Marin [a surrogate fixer in Puerto Vallarta, Mexico] spends his days… connecting couples—mostly gay men from rich countries like France, Great Britain, the U.S., and Israel—with Mexican women who gestate their children" (para 29). Surrogacy is legal in Israel, but many couples choose to purchase surrogates internationally (LEN - CODER COMMENT). "[I]n Israel, posthumous procreation—where sperm or eggs are extracted from a dead person to create new life—is becoming more and more common. Already, people are using this method to become grandparents using the sperm of their sons who have died in combat" (para 71).
Jan. 17, 2026, 3:20 p.m.
Countries: India
Variables: ACR-PRACTICE-1

"India was a popular destination for surrogacy, but after reports came out of women being forced to sign contracts they couldn’t read and live in 'gestational dormitories,' away from their families, the government made the commercial trade illegal in 2019" (para 37).
Jan. 17, 2026, 3:20 p.m.
Countries: Greece
Variables: ACR-PRACTICE-1

"It’s also women like Sophie Islip, a 39-year-old florist in Utah, who 'always wanted a baby' and figured she’d end up with 'the marriage, and a white picket fence' but now finds herself freezing her eggs in Greece, where it’s cheaper" (para 17). Freezing eggs is legal and cheaper in Greece than America and results in fertility tourism (LEN - CODER COMMENT).
Jan. 17, 2026, 3:20 p.m.
Countries: Georgia, Ukraine
Variables: ACR-PRACTICE-1

"Ukraine was another [surrogacy] hub, but then Russia went to war against the country, forcing women to give birth in bomb shelters, trapping dozens of babies inside the country, and pushing the market to nearby Georgia" (para 37).
Jan. 17, 2026, 3:20 p.m.
Countries: France
Variables: ACR-PRACTICE-1

"Marin [a surrogate fixer in Puerto Vallarta, Mexico] spends his days… connecting couples—mostly gay men from rich countries like France, Great Britain, the U.S., and Israel—with Mexican women who gestate their children" (para 29). Surrogacy is illegal in France, so couples purchase surrogates internationally (LEN - CODER COMMENT).
Jan. 17, 2026, 3:20 p.m.
Countries: China
Variables: ACR-PRACTICE-1

"[I]t’s the infertile couples that Ashley [an American surrogate] works with in China, where surrogacy is illegal, but who know to take advantage of the lax laws and friendly agencies in states like Idaho and California" (para 17). Surrogacy is illegal in China, but couples continue to purchase surrogates in other countries (LEN - CODER COMMENT).
Jan. 17, 2026, 3:20 p.m.
Countries: Australia
Variables: ACR-PRACTICE-1

"Marin [a surrogate fixer in Puerto Vallarta] is at the epicenter of the international surrogate market: Mexico... Now Marin runs his own company—it’s called AMx3 Solutions—and he is trying to corner the Australian market" (para 25-27). In Australia, only altruistic surrogacy is allowed, so Australian couples purchase surrogates internationally instead (LEN - CODER COMMENT).
Jan. 17, 2026, 3:20 p.m.
Countries: Argentina
Variables: ACR-PRACTICE-1

"It’s also women like Sophie Islip, a 39-year-old florist in Utah, who 'always wanted a baby' and figured she’d end up with 'the marriage, and a white picket fence' but now finds herself... lining up a surrogate in Argentina" (para 17). Purchasing a surrogate in Argentina is legal and cheaper than America and results in fertility tourism (LEN - CODER COMMENT).
Nov. 26, 2025, 8:16 p.m.
Countries: Saudi Arabia
Variables: ACR-PRACTICE-1

"The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia places significant importance on the issue of fertility and couples’ desires to achieve it, making substantial efforts to provide appropriate therapeutic solutions for cases of infertility. A system for fertility units, embryos, and infertility treatment has been established to ensure these services are provided safely, fairly, and in line with Islamic teachings. Saudi Arabia also offers specialized centers for treating infertility in both men and women, in the public and private sectors, to ensure access to comprehensive healthcare" (para 122).
Oct. 25, 2025, 6:37 p.m.
Countries: China
Variables: ACR-PRACTICE-1

"A Chinese village at the centre of an illegal surrogacy racket in which disabled women were used as surrogate mothers [as well as egg and embryo donors] has sparked public outrage and an official probe" (para 1). The public outrage and government probe indicate that commercial surrogacy is not legally or socially accepted in China (LEN - CODER COMMENT). "One of the surrogate mothers, a 41-year-old deaf woman, from Shaanxi province in northwestern China, used sign language and told Shangguan that she had undergone an embryo transfer for which she was paid 280,000 yuan (US$39,000). She said intermediaries had brought her to the facility, though she could not recall how...more
May 1, 2025, 4:55 p.m.
Countries: Ukraine
Variables: ACR-PRACTICE-1

"While average Ukrainians suffer amid NATO’s proxy war against Russia, business is booming for the surrogate baby industry, which requires a steady supply of healthy and financially desperate women willing to lease their wombs to affluent foreigners" (par. 1). "'The war has brought to the forefront the need for unified international regulation on the topic of surrogacy, as surrogates are currently forced to choose between staying in a war zone or fleeing to neighboring countries that don’t recognize the legality of surrogacy,' Lamberton noted to The Grayzone" (par. 14). "BioTexCom’s Medical Director, Ihor Pechenoha, openly admitted to the Spanish investigative magazine La Marea that his company targets women from poor...more
April 10, 2025, 11:34 a.m.
Countries: Laos
Variables: ACR-PRACTICE-1

"Another woman, 36, recently posted about her experience of travelling to Laos to freeze her eggs. 'It’s not a small amount of money, but for me, it’s to appease my fertility anxiety for the next 10 years'" (para 11).
April 10, 2025, 11:33 a.m.
Countries: Czech Republic
Variables: ACR-PRACTICE-1

"After researching various options online, Yang travelled to the Czech Republic in September to undergo an egg retrieval and freezing process. The whole treatment cost her about 25,000 yuan (£2,660) plus an annual storage fee. She plans to go back for another round this year" (para 4).
April 10, 2025, 11:31 a.m.
Countries: China
Variables: ACR-PRACTICE-1

"The problem was, as a single woman in China, no fertility clinic would help her. Despite China’s push to boost the birthrate, only married couples with fertility problems can use egg-freezing services or any kind of assisted reproductive technologies. 'I talked to a doctor, and she told me that to freeze my eggs in China, I either need a husband or I need to have cancer. And I told her, I don’t want either,' Yang remembers. After researching various options online, Yang travelled to the Czech Republic in September to undergo an egg retrieval and freezing process. The whole treatment cost her about 25,000 yuan (£2,660) plus an annual storage...more
April 4, 2025, 9:20 a.m.
Countries: Italy
Variables: ACR-PRACTICE-1

"Meloni’s far-right Brothers of Italy had long campaigned for those who seek surrogacy abroad to be criminalised" (para 5). "The practice is legal and regulated in 66 countries, although most Italians access the procedure in the US or Canada, where surrogacy is not specified on the birth certificate and where their child can obtain immediate US or Canadian citizenship" (para 7).
March 13, 2025, 8:56 p.m.
Countries: Mexico
Variables: ACR-PRACTICE-1

"In Georgia, as in Ukraine, commercial surrogacy programs cost around $40,000-$50,000, while in Mexico they are about $60,000-$70,000" (para 17). "'The main driving factor, whether in Ukraine, Georgia, Mexico — all the main markets — is the financial motivation behind it,' Pysana said of surrogates" (para 21). "Ulloa Ziaurriz said that in her experience working as a women’s reproductive lawyer across Latin America — chiefly in Argentina, Colombia, Ecuador and Mexico — agencies specifically target those facing financial hardship. 'After the pandemic, a lot of women lost their jobs. They looked for single women with children who desperately needed economic support,' she said of agencies, describing the process as a...more
March 13, 2025, 8:56 p.m.
Countries: Argentina, Colombia, Ecuador
Variables: ACR-PRACTICE-1

"Ulloa Ziaurriz said that in her experience working as a women’s reproductive lawyer across Latin America — chiefly in Argentina, Colombia, Ecuador and Mexico — agencies specifically target those facing financial hardship. 'After the pandemic, a lot of women lost their jobs. They looked for single women with children who desperately needed economic support,' she said of agencies, describing the process as a form of human trafficking" (para 29-30).
March 13, 2025, 8:56 p.m.
Countries: Georgia
Variables: ACR-PRACTICE-1

"In Georgia... commercial surrogacy programs cost around $40,000-$50,000" (para 17). "'The main driving factor, whether in Ukraine, Georgia, Mexico — all the main markets — is the financial motivation behind it,' Pysana said of surrogates. Indeed, Dilara was attracted by the prospect of higher earnings when she was first introduced to surrogacy by a colleague working with her at a call center. 'If you want to do surrogacy, they give you good money,' she recalled being told by her younger female colleague" (para 21-22). "'There is one thing I have been researching for two months about this job, and the doctors take $50,000, $60,000 from the parents and give from...more
March 13, 2025, 8:56 p.m.
Countries: Ukraine
Variables: ACR-PRACTICE-1

"[I]n Ukraine, commercial surrogacy programs cost around $40,000-$50,000" (para 17). "Lauragh from southeast Ireland, whose son was born in Oct. 2021, said her surrogate was able to buy a home for herself and her two daughters in Ukraine with her earnings from the program. 'The main driving factor, whether in Ukraine, Georgia, Mexico — all the main markets — is the financial motivation behind it,' Pysana said of surrogates" (para 20-21).
March 13, 2025, 8:56 p.m.
Countries: United States
Variables: ACR-PRACTICE-1

"In Georgia, as in Ukraine, commercial surrogacy programs cost around $40,000-$50,000, while in Mexico they are about $60,000-$70,000. That compares with an average of $120,000 and higher in the U.S" (para 17).
Jan. 10, 2025, 1:52 p.m.
Countries: China
Variables: ACR-PRACTICE-1

"Surrogacy is forbidden in China but traveling abroad to have surrogate children has increasingly become an option for some Chinese couples, especially wealthy ones" (par. 5). "'I told her I understand because you are a celebrity you don't want anyone to know you have a surrogation baby in the United States,' [Heng Zhang] said" (par. 7).
Jan. 3, 2025, 12:32 p.m.
Countries: Italy
Variables: ACR-PRACTICE-1

"That and other aspects of the amended law may be hard to enforce. Even backers of the legislation concede that heterosexual couples may face few questions when returning to Italy with an infant, or when registering their child’s birth certificate with local municipalities. Who is to say that the woman in that couple didn’t deliver the baby while abroad? By contrast, an infant in the arms of same-sex parents — particularly two men — would amount to an obvious red flag" (par. 5). "'We wish for this example to be followed [by other countries],' she added. 'This is a civilized law that safeguards the child but also the woman, since...more
Dec. 12, 2024, 9:33 p.m.
Countries: Kenya
Variables: ACR-PRACTICE-1

"However, surrogate babies are trapped by war, with Project Dynamo rescuing 68 newborns already this year to unite them with their often-American parents. Instead, some couples struggling to conceive are using the black market of commercial surrogacy in places like Kenya" (para 14-15). "[O]ne former surrogate, named as Ashley, reveals how she was forced to remain in an apartment throughout her pregnancy, receiving weekly meals, before she was taken to hospital 'cramping and bleeding'. After giving birth to a baby boy, he was taken away and Ashley was left with none of the money that an agent had agreed to pay her. She tells Mariana: 'My mum had five children,...more
Nov. 5, 2024, 1:02 p.m.
Countries: China
Variables: ACR-PRACTICE-1

"Under current guidelines, single women are barred from freezing their eggs, with assisted reproductive technologies only available to married women with fertility issues" (para 3). "After China reported its first population drop in six decades amid record low birth and marriage rates, government political advisers proposed in March that single and unmarried women should have access to egg freezing and IVF treatment" (para 5). "In the southwestern province of Sichuan province single women are increasingly undergoing IVF treatments in private clinics" (para 6). "Overseas costs [of freezing a woman's eggs] are five to ten times more than the 20,000 to 30,000 yuan ($2,886 to $4,330) fee charged by Chinese private...more
Nov. 5, 2024, 12:59 p.m.
Countries: China
Variables: ACR-PRACTICE-1

"Hundreds of thousands of Chinese couples ... turn to assisted reproductive technology every year after exhausting other options to get pregnant. They travel from all corners of the country to big cities like Beijing in the hopes of beating the odds of infertility. Many wait in long lines outside hospitals before sunrise, just for the possibility of a consultation" (para 4). "Patients go to great lengths to pay for fertility services. Some of them pool loans from relatives. Farmers time their appointments with the autumn harvest when they have money to pay (para 7). "China recently promised to build at least one facility offering I.V.F. for every 2.3 million to...more