Latest items for ATFPA-PRACTICE-2
March 28, 2023, 8:45 p.m.
Countries: China
Variables: ATFPA-PRACTICE-2
"A new report indicates that female family members are responsible for control of finances in the overwhelming majority of Chinese households. The '2018 Chinese Household Financial Market Analysis Report'...jointly produced by Vip Financial...and Analysys on 1 November points to the strong influence of Chinese women when it comes to household finances. According to the report in 62% of Chinese households a female member has the final say on financial matters" (1-3).
Variables: ATFPA-PRACTICE-2
"A new report indicates that female family members are responsible for control of finances in the overwhelming majority of Chinese households. The '2018 Chinese Household Financial Market Analysis Report'...jointly produced by Vip Financial...and Analysys on 1 November points to the strong influence of Chinese women when it comes to household finances. According to the report in 62% of Chinese households a female member has the final say on financial matters" (1-3).
March 28, 2023, 8:38 p.m.
Countries: China
Variables: ATFPA-PRACTICE-2
"Although women’s rights to land in the People’s Republic of China have, in theory, always been equal to those of men, the household tenure contracting and male dominance in decision-making have created a situation in which practices exist that do not involve rural women, their well-being or their equal treatment. This practice is (ab)use of power, which society enables" (126).
Variables: ATFPA-PRACTICE-2
"Although women’s rights to land in the People’s Republic of China have, in theory, always been equal to those of men, the household tenure contracting and male dominance in decision-making have created a situation in which practices exist that do not involve rural women, their well-being or their equal treatment. This practice is (ab)use of power, which society enables" (126).
March 28, 2023, 7:51 p.m.
Countries: China
Variables: ATFPA-PRACTICE-2
"Chinese women have traditionally controlled family finances" (8).
Variables: ATFPA-PRACTICE-2
"Chinese women have traditionally controlled family finances" (8).
March 27, 2023, 4:08 p.m.
Countries: Cameroon
Variables: LO-PRACTICE-1, ATFPA-PRACTICE-2
"In order to strengthen families within marriage, men are considered the head of the family. In this role, he makes decisions concerning all aspects of family and marriage life as well as the control of family property (Patriarchal family). However, legislative enactments have achieved equality between spouses in relation to decision-making, bringing-up children, divorce, inheritance, financial and matrimonial matters giving husband and wife equal powers of disposition and management of matrimonial property. In spite of the position of the law, the man in our African society remains the head and assumes his responsibility as the head of the family with some reservations" (3).
Variables: LO-PRACTICE-1, ATFPA-PRACTICE-2
"In order to strengthen families within marriage, men are considered the head of the family. In this role, he makes decisions concerning all aspects of family and marriage life as well as the control of family property (Patriarchal family). However, legislative enactments have achieved equality between spouses in relation to decision-making, bringing-up children, divorce, inheritance, financial and matrimonial matters giving husband and wife equal powers of disposition and management of matrimonial property. In spite of the position of the law, the man in our African society remains the head and assumes his responsibility as the head of the family with some reservations" (3).
March 24, 2023, 1:05 p.m.
Countries: Chad
Variables: ATFPA-PRACTICE-2
"[M]en's control over decisions and assets not only prevents women from accessing critical healthcare but also hinders collective decision-making at the household level to support the well-being of dependants during times of stress" (30).
Variables: ATFPA-PRACTICE-2
"[M]en's control over decisions and assets not only prevents women from accessing critical healthcare but also hinders collective decision-making at the household level to support the well-being of dependants during times of stress" (30).
March 23, 2023, 1:47 p.m.
Countries: Somalia
Variables: ATFPA-PRACTICE-2
"While patriarchal norms, economic disparities and socially constructs of gender roles have played a key part in problematizing women’s full rights to land, we cannot simply say that Somali women have no agency in their roles as owners or users of the land. In fact, in many ways, shifting socio-political dynamics have made Somali women more resilient as they take on various roles within society, including that of financial providers. Many women own land and participate fully in the land transactions while navigating existing social barriers. It is important to note that diversity amongst women allows for significantly varying levels of vulnerability. When it comes to traditional dispute resolution, there...more
Variables: ATFPA-PRACTICE-2
"While patriarchal norms, economic disparities and socially constructs of gender roles have played a key part in problematizing women’s full rights to land, we cannot simply say that Somali women have no agency in their roles as owners or users of the land. In fact, in many ways, shifting socio-political dynamics have made Somali women more resilient as they take on various roles within society, including that of financial providers. Many women own land and participate fully in the land transactions while navigating existing social barriers. It is important to note that diversity amongst women allows for significantly varying levels of vulnerability. When it comes to traditional dispute resolution, there...more
March 22, 2023, 9:31 p.m.
Countries: Senegal
Variables: LO-PRACTICE-1, ATFPA-PRACTICE-2
"While women legally have equal access to land, traditional practices made it difficult for women to purchase property in rural areas. Many women had access to land only through their husbands, and the security of their rights depended on maintaining their relationships with their husbands. Discriminatory laws and policies also limited women’s access to and control over capital" (18).
Variables: LO-PRACTICE-1, ATFPA-PRACTICE-2
"While women legally have equal access to land, traditional practices made it difficult for women to purchase property in rural areas. Many women had access to land only through their husbands, and the security of their rights depended on maintaining their relationships with their husbands. Discriminatory laws and policies also limited women’s access to and control over capital" (18).
March 22, 2023, 9:30 p.m.
Countries: Senegal
Variables: ATFPA-PRACTICE-2
"The law’s definition of paternal rights also remained an obstacle to equality between men and women. The law considers men to be heads of household, preventing women from taking legal responsibility for their children. Additionally, any benefits for having children are paid to the father. Women may become the legal head of household only if the husband formally renounces his authority or if he is unable to act as head of household" (18).
Variables: ATFPA-PRACTICE-2
"The law’s definition of paternal rights also remained an obstacle to equality between men and women. The law considers men to be heads of household, preventing women from taking legal responsibility for their children. Additionally, any benefits for having children are paid to the father. Women may become the legal head of household only if the husband formally renounces his authority or if he is unable to act as head of household" (18).
March 22, 2023, 2:02 p.m.
Countries: Canada
Variables: LO-PRACTICE-1, ATDW-PRACTICE-1, ATFPA-PRACTICE-2
"[Family-law specialist Jason] Howie has seen couples with assets allocated to the primary income earner, while other assets, such as a house, went to the other. 'But lo and behold,' he says, 'they show up on our desks years later because the wife – and it usually is the wife – needs financial support and the husband’s retired.' This is not an uncommon issue among older divorcees, [certified financial planner Annie] Kvick says. Women are often particularly disadvantaged when it comes to grey divorce, given that men of older generations were often primary breadwinners and may have greater financial literacy to draw on as a result. 'I recall an older...more
Variables: LO-PRACTICE-1, ATDW-PRACTICE-1, ATFPA-PRACTICE-2
"[Family-law specialist Jason] Howie has seen couples with assets allocated to the primary income earner, while other assets, such as a house, went to the other. 'But lo and behold,' he says, 'they show up on our desks years later because the wife – and it usually is the wife – needs financial support and the husband’s retired.' This is not an uncommon issue among older divorcees, [certified financial planner Annie] Kvick says. Women are often particularly disadvantaged when it comes to grey divorce, given that men of older generations were often primary breadwinners and may have greater financial literacy to draw on as a result. 'I recall an older...more
March 22, 2023, 1:49 p.m.
Countries: Canada
Variables: LO-PRACTICE-1, ATDW-PRACTICE-1, ATFPA-PRACTICE-2
"'I mainly work with women' [said Jen Lawrence, divorce coach]. 'I deal a lot with situations where the husband has a big job, she has been at home, and their duties are bifurcated. She’s been hands-off the money. So there’s not a sense of how much money one actually needs to pay for a lifestyle. The other issue is, it’s so fearful. They are divorcing pretty powerful guys, so there are issues with that. And that’s not even dealing with economic abuse, such as not allowing access to bank accounts. And I deal with that as well, unfortunately.... There is so much stigma around money that [women] feel, ‘I don’t...more
Variables: LO-PRACTICE-1, ATDW-PRACTICE-1, ATFPA-PRACTICE-2
"'I mainly work with women' [said Jen Lawrence, divorce coach]. 'I deal a lot with situations where the husband has a big job, she has been at home, and their duties are bifurcated. She’s been hands-off the money. So there’s not a sense of how much money one actually needs to pay for a lifestyle. The other issue is, it’s so fearful. They are divorcing pretty powerful guys, so there are issues with that. And that’s not even dealing with economic abuse, such as not allowing access to bank accounts. And I deal with that as well, unfortunately.... There is so much stigma around money that [women] feel, ‘I don’t...more
March 22, 2023, 11:55 a.m.
Countries: Canada
Variables: LO-PRACTICE-1, ATFPA-PRACTICE-2
"Many Canadian women don’t feel empowered to take the lead in their family’s finances...[M]any women with young families tend to pivot their attention toward caring for the family and nurturing their careers, letting their partners take the lead on financial decisions...'You tend to abdicate those other pieces away, saying, ‘I don’t want to take the reins, let’s let somebody else take the reins,’ [Ingrid Macintosh, Vice President Wealth, Head of Sales Enablement, Marketing and Digital Strategy at TD Asset Management] says. '[For] many women starting a family and focusing on their careers, those are the things that are of highest priority, and financial literacy and investing conversations, aren’t at the...more
Variables: LO-PRACTICE-1, ATFPA-PRACTICE-2
"Many Canadian women don’t feel empowered to take the lead in their family’s finances...[M]any women with young families tend to pivot their attention toward caring for the family and nurturing their careers, letting their partners take the lead on financial decisions...'You tend to abdicate those other pieces away, saying, ‘I don’t want to take the reins, let’s let somebody else take the reins,’ [Ingrid Macintosh, Vice President Wealth, Head of Sales Enablement, Marketing and Digital Strategy at TD Asset Management] says. '[For] many women starting a family and focusing on their careers, those are the things that are of highest priority, and financial literacy and investing conversations, aren’t at the...more
March 22, 2023, 11:36 a.m.
Countries: Canada
Variables: LO-PRACTICE-1, ATFPA-PRACTICE-2
"This generation of women have more money because they've been in the workforce most of their lives, but also because more of them are taking control of financial decisions...Married women dominate the female wealth pool, controlling $1.4 trillion in assets, CIBC found, based on figures from Statistics Canada. And 22 per cent of them say they make the investment decisions for their households, according to the survey by the bank. Add those married women who make financial decisions to the single, divorced and widowed women who also take care of their own assets, and 41 per cent of women have full control over their money. The figures about who holds...more
Variables: LO-PRACTICE-1, ATFPA-PRACTICE-2
"This generation of women have more money because they've been in the workforce most of their lives, but also because more of them are taking control of financial decisions...Married women dominate the female wealth pool, controlling $1.4 trillion in assets, CIBC found, based on figures from Statistics Canada. And 22 per cent of them say they make the investment decisions for their households, according to the survey by the bank. Add those married women who make financial decisions to the single, divorced and widowed women who also take care of their own assets, and 41 per cent of women have full control over their money. The figures about who holds...more
March 22, 2023, 11:30 a.m.
Countries: Canada
Variables: LO-PRACTICE-1, ATFPA-PRACTICE-2
"[W]omen have generally had less access to and control over family or household resources, relative to men—both reflecting and reinforcing their unequal opportunities for full social and economic participation in the public sphere" (2).
Variables: LO-PRACTICE-1, ATFPA-PRACTICE-2
"[W]omen have generally had less access to and control over family or household resources, relative to men—both reflecting and reinforcing their unequal opportunities for full social and economic participation in the public sphere" (2).
March 18, 2023, 10:20 p.m.
Countries: Ethiopia
Variables: ATFPA-PRACTICE-2
"[The Food Security Program] provides for joint client card entitlement for husband and wife in order to ensure women in married households have equal say" (21).
Variables: ATFPA-PRACTICE-2
"[The Food Security Program] provides for joint client card entitlement for husband and wife in order to ensure women in married households have equal say" (21).
March 16, 2023, 8:10 p.m.
Countries: Burundi
Variables: ATFPA-PRACTICE-2
"But look deeper. Cultural traditions still keep Burundi’s women on a lower footing than men. This is especially true in rural areas, where most Burundian women live. Cultural norms and traditions give men the final say in household matters. Many men profit from their wives’ labour, without giving them a say in how those profits are spent" (para 2). "This is patriarchy in action. Unfortunately it is fairly typical, particularly in village communities. Men tend to take the family decisions" (para 5).
Variables: ATFPA-PRACTICE-2
"But look deeper. Cultural traditions still keep Burundi’s women on a lower footing than men. This is especially true in rural areas, where most Burundian women live. Cultural norms and traditions give men the final say in household matters. Many men profit from their wives’ labour, without giving them a say in how those profits are spent" (para 2). "This is patriarchy in action. Unfortunately it is fairly typical, particularly in village communities. Men tend to take the family decisions" (para 5).
March 16, 2023, 7:46 p.m.
Countries: Burkina Faso
Variables: ATFPA-PRACTICE-2
"Social norms and the status of women often shift the way decisions are made in Burkinabe families. In rural Burkina Faso, social and cultural norms usually ensure that women rely on the authority of their husbands, who are presumed to be the head of the household and held responsible for taking care of all its members. Moreover, it is common for different households to live in a shared yard. Living in a large concession could further limit women’s decision-making power, as members of other households could pass judgment on a couple in which the woman makes decisions without her husband’s approval" (para 21).
Variables: ATFPA-PRACTICE-2
"Social norms and the status of women often shift the way decisions are made in Burkinabe families. In rural Burkina Faso, social and cultural norms usually ensure that women rely on the authority of their husbands, who are presumed to be the head of the household and held responsible for taking care of all its members. Moreover, it is common for different households to live in a shared yard. Living in a large concession could further limit women’s decision-making power, as members of other households could pass judgment on a couple in which the woman makes decisions without her husband’s approval" (para 21).
March 16, 2023, 3:29 p.m.
Countries: South Africa
Variables: LO-PRACTICE-1, LO-LAW-1, ATFPA-PRACTICE-2
"In South Africa, many women do not have ownership rights to the land on which they live and work, because they are dependent on spouses and land ownership patterns through relatives, due to customary law. The formal rights enshrined in a plethora of legislation have not translated into substantive property rights for them" (para 3).
Variables: LO-PRACTICE-1, LO-LAW-1, ATFPA-PRACTICE-2
"In South Africa, many women do not have ownership rights to the land on which they live and work, because they are dependent on spouses and land ownership patterns through relatives, due to customary law. The formal rights enshrined in a plethora of legislation have not translated into substantive property rights for them" (para 3).
March 15, 2023, 2:34 p.m.
Countries: Paraguay
Variables: LO-PRACTICE-1, ATFPA-PRACTICE-2
"Women-owned small and micro enterprises at the base of the pyramid (BOP) account for nearly 20 percent of businesses in Paraguay. However, they mostly cannot access credit because they lack documentation to prove their repayment capacity or collateral such as a property title, which is usually in the name of the man of the household. The problem is particularly worse in rural areas, where women in traditional families do not generally make investment decisions, lack the technical knowledge about the capital needs of their business or how to apply for a loan, and operate informally. They thus have limited productivity and little access to formal financing. When formal credit is...more
Variables: LO-PRACTICE-1, ATFPA-PRACTICE-2
"Women-owned small and micro enterprises at the base of the pyramid (BOP) account for nearly 20 percent of businesses in Paraguay. However, they mostly cannot access credit because they lack documentation to prove their repayment capacity or collateral such as a property title, which is usually in the name of the man of the household. The problem is particularly worse in rural areas, where women in traditional families do not generally make investment decisions, lack the technical knowledge about the capital needs of their business or how to apply for a loan, and operate informally. They thus have limited productivity and little access to formal financing. When formal credit is...more
March 15, 2023, 1:33 p.m.
Countries: Panama
Variables: ATFPA-PRACTICE-2
"[O]our latest findings show only 20% of couples participate equally in long-term financial decisions. What's more, nearly half of all women still defer financial decisions to their spouse" (para 1-2). "48% of women say they let their spouses take long-term financial decisions, while seven in ten men say they take the lead" (para 5). "Interestingly, 88% of Millennial women plan to share long-term financial decisions equally or take the lead, prior to marriage. But after marriage, only 15% actually share in the decision making. 69% of millennial women however want to be more involved in the long-term financial decisions... Among men who lead and women who defer, both parties agree...more
Variables: ATFPA-PRACTICE-2
"[O]our latest findings show only 20% of couples participate equally in long-term financial decisions. What's more, nearly half of all women still defer financial decisions to their spouse" (para 1-2). "48% of women say they let their spouses take long-term financial decisions, while seven in ten men say they take the lead" (para 5). "Interestingly, 88% of Millennial women plan to share long-term financial decisions equally or take the lead, prior to marriage. But after marriage, only 15% actually share in the decision making. 69% of millennial women however want to be more involved in the long-term financial decisions... Among men who lead and women who defer, both parties agree...more
March 10, 2023, 7:53 p.m.
Countries: Brunei
Variables: ATFPA-PRACTICE-2
"Luckily, there is a noticeable improvement in women‟s position in the contemporary Brunei, For example, some wives get the scope to stay at home as housewives while their husbands provides them foods, shelter and gives them a proportion of their salary in every months for their personal spending. Also those husbands allows them to decide what to buy for themselves and for the house, such as foods, cloths, furniture etc. Moreover, as those women stay at home but they get engaged in some kinds of small business such as baking cakes, sewing cloths, opening small stalls for selling various types of foods for extra income" (2).
Variables: ATFPA-PRACTICE-2
"Luckily, there is a noticeable improvement in women‟s position in the contemporary Brunei, For example, some wives get the scope to stay at home as housewives while their husbands provides them foods, shelter and gives them a proportion of their salary in every months for their personal spending. Also those husbands allows them to decide what to buy for themselves and for the house, such as foods, cloths, furniture etc. Moreover, as those women stay at home but they get engaged in some kinds of small business such as baking cakes, sewing cloths, opening small stalls for selling various types of foods for extra income" (2).
March 8, 2023, 1:43 p.m.
Countries: Montenegro
Variables: ATFPA-PRACTICE-2
"The empowerment of women in agriculture is measured through participation in decision-making, regardless of whether the decisions relate to the use of household budget or to the subject of production. According to the ISSP Survey, only 40 per cent of women have full access to money, 35 per cent have limited access, while 26 per cent of women have no access to the household budget at all" (22). "[M]any citizens have a stereotypical view of gender roles, both in private and family life and in the public sphere. More than half of the citizens are of the opinion that as a rule, men are better political leaders, who possess better...more
Variables: ATFPA-PRACTICE-2
"The empowerment of women in agriculture is measured through participation in decision-making, regardless of whether the decisions relate to the use of household budget or to the subject of production. According to the ISSP Survey, only 40 per cent of women have full access to money, 35 per cent have limited access, while 26 per cent of women have no access to the household budget at all" (22). "[M]any citizens have a stereotypical view of gender roles, both in private and family life and in the public sphere. More than half of the citizens are of the opinion that as a rule, men are better political leaders, who possess better...more
March 4, 2023, 5:12 p.m.
Countries: North Korea
Variables: ATFPA-PRACTICE-2
"[W]omen are typically dominated by men in marital relations, and many women have to accept patriarchal family culture to avoid getting divorced against their will" (para 18).
Variables: ATFPA-PRACTICE-2
"[W]omen are typically dominated by men in marital relations, and many women have to accept patriarchal family culture to avoid getting divorced against their will" (para 18).
March 2, 2023, 1:31 p.m.
Countries: Belize
Variables: ATFPA-PRACTICE-2
"According to the results of the consultations held during the formulation of the project, women, like men, consider that both have access to resources or assets of the home, resources for production and natural resources. However, although most women also consider that the control of these resources is in the hands of both, some believe that men have exclusive control over natural resources and in the case of men, although most believe that women in terms of shared control of resources, some consider that they have control over all resources. It emphasizes that neither men nor women assign control of resources in a unique way to women, as happens in...more
Variables: ATFPA-PRACTICE-2
"According to the results of the consultations held during the formulation of the project, women, like men, consider that both have access to resources or assets of the home, resources for production and natural resources. However, although most women also consider that the control of these resources is in the hands of both, some believe that men have exclusive control over natural resources and in the case of men, although most believe that women in terms of shared control of resources, some consider that they have control over all resources. It emphasizes that neither men nor women assign control of resources in a unique way to women, as happens in...more
March 1, 2023, 3:15 p.m.
Countries: Morocco
Variables: ATFPA-PRACTICE-2
"Africa’s survey warehouser Afrobarometer has listed Moroccan females among African women who still 'lag' behind men when it comes to financial decision making. The survey, published on October 22, shows that women in Morocco have particularly 'weak voices' in financial decision making. There is a 38-point gap compared to men, Afrobarometer reported" (para 1-2).
Variables: ATFPA-PRACTICE-2
"Africa’s survey warehouser Afrobarometer has listed Moroccan females among African women who still 'lag' behind men when it comes to financial decision making. The survey, published on October 22, shows that women in Morocco have particularly 'weak voices' in financial decision making. There is a 38-point gap compared to men, Afrobarometer reported" (para 1-2).
March 1, 2023, 3:08 p.m.
Countries: Morocco
Variables: ATFPA-PRACTICE-2
"'Women might have, for instance, guardianship of their children, but still need multiple express permissions from their ex-husbands for such benign matters as obtaining and picking up a passport for their children, requesting a visa at the relevant embassy to leave the country, then yet another authorization to actually leave the country with her children,' says Lina the lawyer.
Variables: ATFPA-PRACTICE-2
"'Women might have, for instance, guardianship of their children, but still need multiple express permissions from their ex-husbands for such benign matters as obtaining and picking up a passport for their children, requesting a visa at the relevant embassy to leave the country, then yet another authorization to actually leave the country with her children,' says Lina the lawyer.
March 1, 2023, 9:29 a.m.
Countries: Mozambique
Variables: LO-PRACTICE-1, ATFPA-PRACTICE-2
"In many rural communities in Mozambique, women often face restrictive gender roles, unequal decision-making power, and limited access to resources such as financing and land" (para 3).
Variables: LO-PRACTICE-1, ATFPA-PRACTICE-2
"In many rural communities in Mozambique, women often face restrictive gender roles, unequal decision-making power, and limited access to resources such as financing and land" (para 3).
Feb. 25, 2023, 3:08 p.m.
Countries: Mongolia
Variables: ATDW-PRACTICE-1, ATFPA-PRACTICE-2
"For instance, while the Civil Code of Mongolia stipulates that assets registered after marriage are a common property of family members, the person in whose name this property is officially registered may dispose of it without the consent of other family members, which entails gender disparities if property relations are skewed in favor of one particular gender. It is a common phenomenon that women work for family businesses without formalizing their shares in those businesses, and it is a similarly common phenomenon that in the case of a divorce, the woman loses out, having no claim to any share of the business" (20).
Variables: ATDW-PRACTICE-1, ATFPA-PRACTICE-2
"For instance, while the Civil Code of Mongolia stipulates that assets registered after marriage are a common property of family members, the person in whose name this property is officially registered may dispose of it without the consent of other family members, which entails gender disparities if property relations are skewed in favor of one particular gender. It is a common phenomenon that women work for family businesses without formalizing their shares in those businesses, and it is a similarly common phenomenon that in the case of a divorce, the woman loses out, having no claim to any share of the business" (20).
Feb. 23, 2023, 8:59 p.m.
Countries: Bolivia
Variables: DV-DATA-1, ATFPA-PRACTICE-2
"In rural areas, Bolivian women are more vulnerable, men more often make decisions alone, and women are less educated and poorer than in urban areas. In the patriarchal-type family, men make decisions and may abuse their female partners physically and psychologically" (17).
Variables: DV-DATA-1, ATFPA-PRACTICE-2
"In rural areas, Bolivian women are more vulnerable, men more often make decisions alone, and women are less educated and poorer than in urban areas. In the patriarchal-type family, men make decisions and may abuse their female partners physically and psychologically" (17).
Feb. 6, 2023, 12:07 p.m.
Countries: Kyrgyzstan
Variables: ATFPA-PRACTICE-2
"The Committee [on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women] remains concerned about the persistence of patriarchal attitudes and discriminatory stereotypes concerning the roles and responsibilities of women and men in the family and in society, exacerbated by growing religious influence, and the lack of a comprehensive strategy to address such gender stereotypes" (5).
Variables: ATFPA-PRACTICE-2
"The Committee [on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women] remains concerned about the persistence of patriarchal attitudes and discriminatory stereotypes concerning the roles and responsibilities of women and men in the family and in society, exacerbated by growing religious influence, and the lack of a comprehensive strategy to address such gender stereotypes" (5).
Feb. 3, 2023, 1:45 p.m.
Countries: Laos
Variables: ATFPA-PRACTICE-2
"Men tend to dominate family decision-making and income-generation in all ethnic groups, whereas women are generally responsible for housework and childcare (WVI, 2016)" (3).
Variables: ATFPA-PRACTICE-2
"Men tend to dominate family decision-making and income-generation in all ethnic groups, whereas women are generally responsible for housework and childcare (WVI, 2016)" (3).