Latest items for CUST-LAW-1
Aug. 20, 2026, 2:17 p.m.
Countries: Senegal
Variables: CUST-LAW-1
“Increasingly reformed Children’s Acts now ensure guardianship rights for both parents, whether married or unmarried, a presumption of joint, shared custody and the child’s right to know and be cared for by both biological parents. This goes a long way to ensuring equality in parental relations, as required by the Maputo Protocol. Such countries are Angola, Botswana, Burundi, Cameroon, Côte d’Ivoire, the Democratic Republic of Congo, Mozambique and Senegal” (15). “In countries such as Algeria and Tunisia, the father is still considered as the legal guardian even if the mother has custody. In Senegal, while both parents take care of the child during marriage, the father is the legal guardian....more
Variables: CUST-LAW-1
“Increasingly reformed Children’s Acts now ensure guardianship rights for both parents, whether married or unmarried, a presumption of joint, shared custody and the child’s right to know and be cared for by both biological parents. This goes a long way to ensuring equality in parental relations, as required by the Maputo Protocol. Such countries are Angola, Botswana, Burundi, Cameroon, Côte d’Ivoire, the Democratic Republic of Congo, Mozambique and Senegal” (15). “In countries such as Algeria and Tunisia, the father is still considered as the legal guardian even if the mother has custody. In Senegal, while both parents take care of the child during marriage, the father is the legal guardian....more
Aug. 20, 2026, 2:15 p.m.
Countries: Algeria
Variables: CUST-LAW-1
“In countries such as Algeria and Tunisia, the father is still considered as the legal guardian even if the mother has custody. In Senegal, while both parents take care of the child during marriage, the father is the legal guardian. Some countries, such as Algeria and Sudan, take away women’s rights to custody in the event they remarry, without having the same condition for men, thereby discriminating against women” (15). “The father is still considered as the legal guardian of the child except in urgent cases when he is unavailable or absent even if under Article 36, both parents are responsible for the upbringing and the interests of the child....more
Variables: CUST-LAW-1
“In countries such as Algeria and Tunisia, the father is still considered as the legal guardian even if the mother has custody. In Senegal, while both parents take care of the child during marriage, the father is the legal guardian. Some countries, such as Algeria and Sudan, take away women’s rights to custody in the event they remarry, without having the same condition for men, thereby discriminating against women” (15). “The father is still considered as the legal guardian of the child except in urgent cases when he is unavailable or absent even if under Article 36, both parents are responsible for the upbringing and the interests of the child....more
Aug. 20, 2026, 2:13 p.m.
Countries: Burundi
Variables: CUST-LAW-1
“Increasingly reformed Children’s Acts now ensure guardianship rights for both parents, whether married or unmarried, a presumption of joint, shared custody and the child’s right to know and be cared for by both biological parents. This goes a long way to ensuring equality in parental relations, as required by the Maputo Protocol. Such countries are Angola, Botswana, Burundi, Cameroon, Côte d’Ivoire, the Democratic Republic of Congo, Mozambique and Senegal” (15). “According to Article 123 of the Code of Persons and Family, both spouses are responsible for caring for their children. Even in instances of divorce, women have the same rights as men concerning legal guardianship according to Article 185 of...more
Variables: CUST-LAW-1
“Increasingly reformed Children’s Acts now ensure guardianship rights for both parents, whether married or unmarried, a presumption of joint, shared custody and the child’s right to know and be cared for by both biological parents. This goes a long way to ensuring equality in parental relations, as required by the Maputo Protocol. Such countries are Angola, Botswana, Burundi, Cameroon, Côte d’Ivoire, the Democratic Republic of Congo, Mozambique and Senegal” (15). “According to Article 123 of the Code of Persons and Family, both spouses are responsible for caring for their children. Even in instances of divorce, women have the same rights as men concerning legal guardianship according to Article 185 of...more
Aug. 20, 2026, 2:11 p.m.
Countries: Tunisia
Variables: CUST-LAW-1
“In countries such as Algeria and Tunisia, the father is still considered as the legal guardian even if the mother has custody. In Senegal, while both parents take care of the child during marriage, the father is the legal guardian. Some countries, such as Algeria and Sudan, take away women’s rights to custody in the event they remarry, without having the same condition for men, thereby discriminating against women” (15). “(ii) Discriminatory laws: Article 23 of Book 1 of the Code of Personal Status provides that a wife must fulfil her duties in line with ‘usages and customs’. This provision can be disadvantageous to women since Tunisia is still a...more
Variables: CUST-LAW-1
“In countries such as Algeria and Tunisia, the father is still considered as the legal guardian even if the mother has custody. In Senegal, while both parents take care of the child during marriage, the father is the legal guardian. Some countries, such as Algeria and Sudan, take away women’s rights to custody in the event they remarry, without having the same condition for men, thereby discriminating against women” (15). “(ii) Discriminatory laws: Article 23 of Book 1 of the Code of Personal Status provides that a wife must fulfil her duties in line with ‘usages and customs’. This provision can be disadvantageous to women since Tunisia is still a...more
Aug. 20, 2026, 2:08 p.m.
Countries: Tanzania
Variables: CUST-LAW-1
“However, there are still challenges in some countries such as Egypt, South Sudan and Sudan – when the children are of tender age - and Tanzania where custody, driven by gender stereotypes, automatically falls on the woman. This presumption also increases women’s care burden. The paramount interest in deciding custody should be the best interest of the child regardless of the gender of the parents” (15). “Tanzania is a peculiar case since the law stipulates that the customs of the community must be considered when determining division of matrimonial property and custody of children. This has the potential to undermine women’s right to equality, since custom may not recognise women’s...more
Variables: CUST-LAW-1
“However, there are still challenges in some countries such as Egypt, South Sudan and Sudan – when the children are of tender age - and Tanzania where custody, driven by gender stereotypes, automatically falls on the woman. This presumption also increases women’s care burden. The paramount interest in deciding custody should be the best interest of the child regardless of the gender of the parents” (15). “Tanzania is a peculiar case since the law stipulates that the customs of the community must be considered when determining division of matrimonial property and custody of children. This has the potential to undermine women’s right to equality, since custom may not recognise women’s...more
Aug. 20, 2026, 2:08 p.m.
Countries: Sudan
Variables: CUST-LAW-1
“However, there are still challenges in some countries such as Egypt, South Sudan and Sudan – when the children are of tender age - and Tanzania where custody, driven by gender stereotypes, automatically falls on the woman. This presumption also increases women’s care burden. The paramount interest in deciding custody should be the best interest of the child regardless of the gender of the parents” (15). “In countries such as Algeria and Tunisia, the father is still considered as the legal guardian even if the mother has custody. In Senegal, while both parents take care of the child during marriage, the father is the legal guardian. Some countries, such as...more
Variables: CUST-LAW-1
“However, there are still challenges in some countries such as Egypt, South Sudan and Sudan – when the children are of tender age - and Tanzania where custody, driven by gender stereotypes, automatically falls on the woman. This presumption also increases women’s care burden. The paramount interest in deciding custody should be the best interest of the child regardless of the gender of the parents” (15). “In countries such as Algeria and Tunisia, the father is still considered as the legal guardian even if the mother has custody. In Senegal, while both parents take care of the child during marriage, the father is the legal guardian. Some countries, such as...more
Aug. 20, 2026, 2:07 p.m.
Countries: South Sudan
Variables: CUST-LAW-1
“However, there are still challenges in some countries such as Egypt, South Sudan and Sudan – when the children are of tender age - and Tanzania where custody, driven by gender stereotypes, automatically falls on the woman. This presumption also increases women’s care burden. The paramount interest in deciding custody should be the best interest of the child regardless of the gender of the parents” (15). “(i) Legal pluralism: Due to the lack of statutory law and the Constitution’s recognition of South Sudan’s plural legal system, family law is governed by the custom of the large number of ethnic groups in South Sudan. This leads to a number of problems:...more
Variables: CUST-LAW-1
“However, there are still challenges in some countries such as Egypt, South Sudan and Sudan – when the children are of tender age - and Tanzania where custody, driven by gender stereotypes, automatically falls on the woman. This presumption also increases women’s care burden. The paramount interest in deciding custody should be the best interest of the child regardless of the gender of the parents” (15). “(i) Legal pluralism: Due to the lack of statutory law and the Constitution’s recognition of South Sudan’s plural legal system, family law is governed by the custom of the large number of ethnic groups in South Sudan. This leads to a number of problems:...more
Aug. 20, 2026, 2:01 p.m.
Countries: Mozambique
Variables: CUST-LAW-1
“Increasingly reformed Children’s Acts now ensure guardianship rights for both parents, whether married or unmarried, a presumption of joint, shared custody and the child’s right to know and be cared for by both biological parents. This goes a long way to ensuring equality in parental relations, as required by the Maputo Protocol. Such countries are Angola, Botswana, Burundi, Cameroon, Côte d’Ivoire, the Democratic Republic of Congo, Mozambique and Senegal” (15). “Articles 318 and 322 of the Family Law Act No.22/2019 provide that both parents have parental authority over their children during marriage or de facto union and in the event of divorce, separation, marriage annulment or termination of a de...more
Variables: CUST-LAW-1
“Increasingly reformed Children’s Acts now ensure guardianship rights for both parents, whether married or unmarried, a presumption of joint, shared custody and the child’s right to know and be cared for by both biological parents. This goes a long way to ensuring equality in parental relations, as required by the Maputo Protocol. Such countries are Angola, Botswana, Burundi, Cameroon, Côte d’Ivoire, the Democratic Republic of Congo, Mozambique and Senegal” (15). “Articles 318 and 322 of the Family Law Act No.22/2019 provide that both parents have parental authority over their children during marriage or de facto union and in the event of divorce, separation, marriage annulment or termination of a de...more
Aug. 20, 2026, 1:59 p.m.
Countries: Malawi
Variables: CLCW-PRACTICE-1, CUST-LAW-1, IAD-PRACTICE-1
“Section 24 of the Constitution is dedicated to the rights of women and provides for, among other things: ► Full and equal protection by the law; ► The right not to be discriminated against on the basis of their gender or marital status; ► The right to be accorded the same rights as men in civil law, including equal capacity to enter into contracts; to acquire and maintain rights in property, to acquire and retain custody, guardianship and care of children, and to have an equal right in the making of decisions that affect their upbringing; ► To acquire and retain citizenship and nationality; ► Women are also entitled to...more
Variables: CLCW-PRACTICE-1, CUST-LAW-1, IAD-PRACTICE-1
“Section 24 of the Constitution is dedicated to the rights of women and provides for, among other things: ► Full and equal protection by the law; ► The right not to be discriminated against on the basis of their gender or marital status; ► The right to be accorded the same rights as men in civil law, including equal capacity to enter into contracts; to acquire and maintain rights in property, to acquire and retain custody, guardianship and care of children, and to have an equal right in the making of decisions that affect their upbringing; ► To acquire and retain citizenship and nationality; ► Women are also entitled to...more
Aug. 20, 2026, 1:57 p.m.
Countries: Ethiopia
Variables: AOM-LAW-1, CUST-LAW-1
“The Revised Family Code allows Courts to make decisions on the custody of children, care of their education, health, maintenance and rights of visitation. The Court renders these decisions taking into account the income, age, health, and condition of living of the spouses as well as the age and interests of the children” (54).
Variables: AOM-LAW-1, CUST-LAW-1
“The Revised Family Code allows Courts to make decisions on the custody of children, care of their education, health, maintenance and rights of visitation. The Court renders these decisions taking into account the income, age, health, and condition of living of the spouses as well as the age and interests of the children” (54).
Aug. 20, 2026, 1:56 p.m.
Countries: Egypt
Variables: CUST-LAW-1
“However, there are still challenges in some countries such as Egypt, South Sudan and Sudan – when the children are of tender age - and Tanzania where custody, driven by gender stereotypes, automatically falls on the woman. This presumption also increases women’s care burden. The paramount interest in deciding custody should be the best interest of the child regardless of the gender of the parents” (15). “Concerning custody, women have more rights than men because of gender stereotypes and usually men have to struggle to have custody of the child. For instance, in 2011, a family court had to allow an ex-husband to have custody of his children to stay...more
Variables: CUST-LAW-1
“However, there are still challenges in some countries such as Egypt, South Sudan and Sudan – when the children are of tender age - and Tanzania where custody, driven by gender stereotypes, automatically falls on the woman. This presumption also increases women’s care burden. The paramount interest in deciding custody should be the best interest of the child regardless of the gender of the parents” (15). “Concerning custody, women have more rights than men because of gender stereotypes and usually men have to struggle to have custody of the child. For instance, in 2011, a family court had to allow an ex-husband to have custody of his children to stay...more
Aug. 20, 2026, 1:55 p.m.
Countries: D R Congo
Variables: CUST-LAW-1
"Increasingly reformed Children’s Acts now ensure guardianship rights for both parents, whether married or unmarried, a presumption of joint, shared custody and the child’s right to know and be cared for by both biological parents. This goes a long way to ensuring equality in parental relations, as required by the Maputo Protocol. Such countries are Angola, Botswana, Burundi, Cameroon, Côte d’Ivoire, the Democratic Republic of Congo, Mozambique and Senegal "(15) "Article 648 of the Code of the Family also provides that both parents have a duty towards their children. In case of divorce or separation, the court can decide that either parent can be entrusted with the custody of the...more
Variables: CUST-LAW-1
"Increasingly reformed Children’s Acts now ensure guardianship rights for both parents, whether married or unmarried, a presumption of joint, shared custody and the child’s right to know and be cared for by both biological parents. This goes a long way to ensuring equality in parental relations, as required by the Maputo Protocol. Such countries are Angola, Botswana, Burundi, Cameroon, Côte d’Ivoire, the Democratic Republic of Congo, Mozambique and Senegal "(15) "Article 648 of the Code of the Family also provides that both parents have a duty towards their children. In case of divorce or separation, the court can decide that either parent can be entrusted with the custody of the...more
Aug. 20, 2026, 1:54 p.m.
Countries: Cote D'Ivoire
Variables: CUST-LAW-1
“Increasingly reformed Children’s Acts now ensure guardianship rights for both parents, whether married or unmarried, a presumption of joint, shared custody and the child’s right to know and be cared for by both biological parents. This goes a long way to ensuring equality in parental relations, as required by the Maputo Protocol. Such countries are Angola, Botswana, Burundi, Cameroon, Côte d’Ivoire, the Democratic Republic of Congo, Mozambique and Senegal” (15). “The Constitution clearly establishes that both parents exercise parental authority. Article 31 provides that “[p]arental authority is exercised by the father and mother or, failing that, by any other person in accordance with the law”” (44).
Variables: CUST-LAW-1
“Increasingly reformed Children’s Acts now ensure guardianship rights for both parents, whether married or unmarried, a presumption of joint, shared custody and the child’s right to know and be cared for by both biological parents. This goes a long way to ensuring equality in parental relations, as required by the Maputo Protocol. Such countries are Angola, Botswana, Burundi, Cameroon, Côte d’Ivoire, the Democratic Republic of Congo, Mozambique and Senegal” (15). “The Constitution clearly establishes that both parents exercise parental authority. Article 31 provides that “[p]arental authority is exercised by the father and mother or, failing that, by any other person in accordance with the law”” (44).
Aug. 20, 2026, 1:48 p.m.
Countries: Cameroon
Variables: CUST-LAW-1
Increasingly reformed Children’s Acts now ensure guardianship rights for both parents, whether married or unmarried, a presumption of joint, shared custody and the child’s right to know and be cared for by both biological parents. This goes a long way to ensuring equality in parental relations, as required by the Maputo Protocol. Such countries are Angola, Botswana, Burundi, Cameroon, Côte d’Ivoire, the Democratic Republic of Congo, Mozambique and Senegal” (15). CUST-LAW-1 “Both parents have the same authority over the child, even upon divorce. However, the court can decide on only one parent having parental authority if it is in the best interests of the child” (42).
Variables: CUST-LAW-1
Increasingly reformed Children’s Acts now ensure guardianship rights for both parents, whether married or unmarried, a presumption of joint, shared custody and the child’s right to know and be cared for by both biological parents. This goes a long way to ensuring equality in parental relations, as required by the Maputo Protocol. Such countries are Angola, Botswana, Burundi, Cameroon, Côte d’Ivoire, the Democratic Republic of Congo, Mozambique and Senegal” (15). CUST-LAW-1 “Both parents have the same authority over the child, even upon divorce. However, the court can decide on only one parent having parental authority if it is in the best interests of the child” (42).
Aug. 20, 2026, 1:46 p.m.
Countries: Botswana
Variables: CUST-LAW-1
“Increasingly reformed Children’s Acts now ensure guardianship rights for both parents, whether married or unmarried, a presumption of joint, shared custody and the child’s right to know and be cared for by both biological parents. This goes a long way to ensuring equality in parental relations, as required by the Maputo Protocol. Such countries are Angola, Botswana, Burundi, Cameroon, Côte d’Ivoire, the Democratic Republic of Congo, Mozambique and Senegal” (15). “The Children’s Act 2009 has, besides conferring for the first time explicit rights on children, also contributed to the reform of family law in general. The Children’s Act prohibits forced marriages of children and the Marriage Act 2001 sets the...more
Variables: CUST-LAW-1
“Increasingly reformed Children’s Acts now ensure guardianship rights for both parents, whether married or unmarried, a presumption of joint, shared custody and the child’s right to know and be cared for by both biological parents. This goes a long way to ensuring equality in parental relations, as required by the Maputo Protocol. Such countries are Angola, Botswana, Burundi, Cameroon, Côte d’Ivoire, the Democratic Republic of Congo, Mozambique and Senegal” (15). “The Children’s Act 2009 has, besides conferring for the first time explicit rights on children, also contributed to the reform of family law in general. The Children’s Act prohibits forced marriages of children and the Marriage Act 2001 sets the...more
Aug. 20, 2026, 1:44 p.m.
Countries: Angola
Variables: CUST-LAW-1
“Increasingly reformed Children’s Acts now ensure guardianship rights for both parents, whether married or unmarried, a presumption of joint, shared custody and the child’s right to know and be cared for by both biological parents. This goes a long way to ensuring equality in parental relations, as required by the Maputo Protocol. Such countries are Angola, Botswana, Burundi, Cameroon, Côte d’Ivoire, the Democratic Republic of Congo, Mozambique and Senegal” (15). “Article 127 of the Angolan Family Code recognises the equal rights of men and women to parental authority. Under Article 131, they are both responsible for the duty of care and of raising the child even if they are not...more
Variables: CUST-LAW-1
“Increasingly reformed Children’s Acts now ensure guardianship rights for both parents, whether married or unmarried, a presumption of joint, shared custody and the child’s right to know and be cared for by both biological parents. This goes a long way to ensuring equality in parental relations, as required by the Maputo Protocol. Such countries are Angola, Botswana, Burundi, Cameroon, Côte d’Ivoire, the Democratic Republic of Congo, Mozambique and Senegal” (15). “Article 127 of the Angolan Family Code recognises the equal rights of men and women to parental authority. Under Article 131, they are both responsible for the duty of care and of raising the child even if they are not...more
July 31, 2026, 5:41 p.m.
Countries: United Kingdom
Variables: CUST-LAW-1
"Sex offenders will no longer be entitled to parental responsibility for children conceived through rape, under new measures proposed in parliament for England and Wales. In a government-backed amendment to the victims and courts bill, due to come before parliament on Monday 27 October, parental responsibility will automatically be restricted where a child is born of rape. New reforms will also see parental responsibility restricted when a parent is convicted of serious sex offences against any child, not just their own. It will mean sex offenders will no longer be able to intervene in decisions about medical care, schooling and overseas travel” (para 1-4). Under the new reforms, restriction of...more
Variables: CUST-LAW-1
"Sex offenders will no longer be entitled to parental responsibility for children conceived through rape, under new measures proposed in parliament for England and Wales. In a government-backed amendment to the victims and courts bill, due to come before parliament on Monday 27 October, parental responsibility will automatically be restricted where a child is born of rape. New reforms will also see parental responsibility restricted when a parent is convicted of serious sex offences against any child, not just their own. It will mean sex offenders will no longer be able to intervene in decisions about medical care, schooling and overseas travel” (para 1-4). Under the new reforms, restriction of...more
June 9, 2026, 5:15 p.m.
Countries: United Arab Emirates
Variables: CUST-LAW-1
"Zeynab Javadli [ex-wife of Dubai Prince] was warned in court papers two months ago that unless she abandoned a bid for custody of her children, she risked 'coercive force'" (para 2). "In April, the Daily Mail exclusively revealed that the Dubai courts had ordered police to snatch back Miss Javadli's three young daughters and deliver them to their father - her ex - Sheikh Saeed bin Maktoum bin Rashid Al Maktoum" (para 20). "The court order states that she [Zeynab Javadli, ex-wife to Dubai Prince] must 'return custody of the minors' to Sheikh Saeed, and that 'coercive force may be used if necessary'" (para 24).
Variables: CUST-LAW-1
"Zeynab Javadli [ex-wife of Dubai Prince] was warned in court papers two months ago that unless she abandoned a bid for custody of her children, she risked 'coercive force'" (para 2). "In April, the Daily Mail exclusively revealed that the Dubai courts had ordered police to snatch back Miss Javadli's three young daughters and deliver them to their father - her ex - Sheikh Saeed bin Maktoum bin Rashid Al Maktoum" (para 20). "The court order states that she [Zeynab Javadli, ex-wife to Dubai Prince] must 'return custody of the minors' to Sheikh Saeed, and that 'coercive force may be used if necessary'" (para 24).
Dec. 30, 2025, 5:37 p.m.
Countries: United Kingdom
Variables: CUST-LAW-1
"‘If we raised the minimum age of marriage and civil partnership to 18, parents or expectant parents either of whom is aged 16 or 17 would not be eligible to marry or enter a civil partnership with each other. Marrying or entering a civil partnership with the mother of a child is one of the ways in which a father can obtain parental responsibilities and rights for their child. In addition, a man is presumed to be the father of a child if he was married to or in a civil partnership with the mother" (para 19-20). One of the concerns of raising the Scottish government of raising the age...more
Variables: CUST-LAW-1
"‘If we raised the minimum age of marriage and civil partnership to 18, parents or expectant parents either of whom is aged 16 or 17 would not be eligible to marry or enter a civil partnership with each other. Marrying or entering a civil partnership with the mother of a child is one of the ways in which a father can obtain parental responsibilities and rights for their child. In addition, a man is presumed to be the father of a child if he was married to or in a civil partnership with the mother" (para 19-20). One of the concerns of raising the Scottish government of raising the age...more
Nov. 26, 2025, 8:16 p.m.
Countries: Saudi Arabia
Variables: CUST-LAW-1
"Compulsory implementation of the judgments issued related to child custody and personal status, even if this leads to the assistance of the competent force (the police).If the defendant did not appear in marital matters, custody, alimony, visitation, and guardians who prevent the woman from marriage, the court may order to bring him compulsory. Whoever refuses to implement a ruling issued in custody, state, or visit, shall be punished by imprisonment for a period not exceeding 3 months.The judgment issued against the wife to return to the marital home shall not be enforced. Expedited implementation of judgments issued in favor of women in some cases, such as alimony, nursing or housing...more
Variables: CUST-LAW-1
"Compulsory implementation of the judgments issued related to child custody and personal status, even if this leads to the assistance of the competent force (the police).If the defendant did not appear in marital matters, custody, alimony, visitation, and guardians who prevent the woman from marriage, the court may order to bring him compulsory. Whoever refuses to implement a ruling issued in custody, state, or visit, shall be punished by imprisonment for a period not exceeding 3 months.The judgment issued against the wife to return to the marital home shall not be enforced. Expedited implementation of judgments issued in favor of women in some cases, such as alimony, nursing or housing...more
Oct. 27, 2025, 9:14 p.m.
Countries: India
Variables: CUST-LAW-1
"Under this kind of [polyamorous] arrangement [practiced by tribes in the Himalayan state of Himachal Pradesh], the family raises any children they have together - but the elder sibling is the legal father. In some cases, children born to these tribal Indian 'throuples' are randomly assigned a father when it is not possible to determine who the biological parent is, a local politician told The Times" (para. 17-18).
Variables: CUST-LAW-1
"Under this kind of [polyamorous] arrangement [practiced by tribes in the Himalayan state of Himachal Pradesh], the family raises any children they have together - but the elder sibling is the legal father. In some cases, children born to these tribal Indian 'throuples' are randomly assigned a father when it is not possible to determine who the biological parent is, a local politician told The Times" (para. 17-18).
Sept. 19, 2025, 5:48 p.m.
Countries: Qatar
Variables: CUST-LAW-1
"Legislation had been developed that ensured that custody could be provided to mothers in cases of divorce" (para 91).
Variables: CUST-LAW-1
"Legislation had been developed that ensured that custody could be provided to mothers in cases of divorce" (para 91).
Sept. 19, 2025, 5:43 p.m.
Countries: Qatar
Variables: CUST-LAW-1
"Human Rights Watch also documented how Qatari women’s inability to act as a child’s guardian, regardless of whether they are married to their child’s father, divorced, or widowed, harmed or increased the risk of harm to the child" (para 29).
Variables: CUST-LAW-1
"Human Rights Watch also documented how Qatari women’s inability to act as a child’s guardian, regardless of whether they are married to their child’s father, divorced, or widowed, harmed or increased the risk of harm to the child" (para 29).
April 11, 2025, 3:49 p.m.
Countries: Indonesia
Variables: CUST-LAW-1
"The religious court more likely settled the divorce, but it is not automatically settled the case of child support or often the child custody went to the father. For getting the child custody, the wife should submit a separate settlement" (20). "[M]any wives decided to withdraw their complaints and accepted that their husband took a second wife otherwise she will loss the rights to take care of her children" (20).
Variables: CUST-LAW-1
"The religious court more likely settled the divorce, but it is not automatically settled the case of child support or often the child custody went to the father. For getting the child custody, the wife should submit a separate settlement" (20). "[M]any wives decided to withdraw their complaints and accepted that their husband took a second wife otherwise she will loss the rights to take care of her children" (20).
March 27, 2025, 10:21 a.m.
Countries: Denmark
Variables: CUST-LAW-1
"The child’s father does not automatically have shared custody as biological father. The child’s father does not always have shared custody because it first became standard in 2007 in DK. The child’s father can loss custody by law, although being a better parent and not the reason" (6).
Variables: CUST-LAW-1
"The child’s father does not automatically have shared custody as biological father. The child’s father does not always have shared custody because it first became standard in 2007 in DK. The child’s father can loss custody by law, although being a better parent and not the reason" (6).
March 26, 2025, 10:03 a.m.
Countries: Morocco
Variables: CUST-LAW-1
"Main novelties on the reform of the Family Code… Granting of the legal guardianship of the children to the mother responsible for the custody" (para 10). "Maternal custody remains valid even after the mother remarries" (para 15). "Shariah-compliant proposals with the approval of the High Council of Ulemas... Legal guardianship of children: granting legal guardianship to the mother responsible for the custody of the children" (para 24).
Variables: CUST-LAW-1
"Main novelties on the reform of the Family Code… Granting of the legal guardianship of the children to the mother responsible for the custody" (para 10). "Maternal custody remains valid even after the mother remarries" (para 15). "Shariah-compliant proposals with the approval of the High Council of Ulemas... Legal guardianship of children: granting legal guardianship to the mother responsible for the custody of the children" (para 24).
March 26, 2025, 9:46 a.m.
Countries: Saudi Arabia
Variables: CUST-LAW-1
"Both Americans’ cases reveal how Saudi Arabia’s laws treat women and foreigners in child custody fights, where fathers are the default guardians of their children. Even in cases where divorced women are granted custody of their child, the child’s Saudi father is still considered the legal guardian, with authority over all important decisions" (para 9).
Variables: CUST-LAW-1
"Both Americans’ cases reveal how Saudi Arabia’s laws treat women and foreigners in child custody fights, where fathers are the default guardians of their children. Even in cases where divorced women are granted custody of their child, the child’s Saudi father is still considered the legal guardian, with authority over all important decisions" (para 9).
March 14, 2025, 7:59 p.m.
Countries: Indonesia
Variables: CUST-LAW-1
"Women are considered to have an important role in creating a 'superior generation'. This stereotype creates multiple stigmas against WUD [women who use drugs], namely as criminals due to drugs policies and also because they are considered to violate their gender role. This is the main reason why many women lose child custody. In one study of 30 WUD who have children, 7 reported having problems obtaining custody of their children" (13-14). "In Indonesia, child custody after divorce is regulated in the Marriage Law and derivative regulations, such as the Islamic Law Compilation (KHI). Article 105 KHI states that for children under 12 years of age, the right of custody...more
Variables: CUST-LAW-1
"Women are considered to have an important role in creating a 'superior generation'. This stereotype creates multiple stigmas against WUD [women who use drugs], namely as criminals due to drugs policies and also because they are considered to violate their gender role. This is the main reason why many women lose child custody. In one study of 30 WUD who have children, 7 reported having problems obtaining custody of their children" (13-14). "In Indonesia, child custody after divorce is regulated in the Marriage Law and derivative regulations, such as the Islamic Law Compilation (KHI). Article 105 KHI states that for children under 12 years of age, the right of custody...more
March 13, 2025, 3:54 p.m.
Countries: Bahrain
Variables: CUST-LAW-1
"Bahraini family law recognizes the mother's right to custody of her children after divorce until they reach a certain age, designated as 15, where male and up to 17 or until marriage for females in respect to Sunni families; and up to 7 for a male or 9 for a female in the case of Ja’fari / Shi’a families. As put by the Bahrain Centre for Human Rights in their alternative report, beyond these thresholds, children are given the choice of guardian, while judges also have the right to remove children from the custody of mothers following a remarriage" (12).
Variables: CUST-LAW-1
"Bahraini family law recognizes the mother's right to custody of her children after divorce until they reach a certain age, designated as 15, where male and up to 17 or until marriage for females in respect to Sunni families; and up to 7 for a male or 9 for a female in the case of Ja’fari / Shi’a families. As put by the Bahrain Centre for Human Rights in their alternative report, beyond these thresholds, children are given the choice of guardian, while judges also have the right to remove children from the custody of mothers following a remarriage" (12).
March 3, 2025, 9:03 p.m.
Countries: China
Variables: CUST-LAW-1
"The Committee notes with concern that family courts rarely take incidents of gender-based violence into consideration for alimony payments or for decisions on child custody upon dissolution of a marriage, which may have a negative impact on women and their children who are victims of gender-based violence" (Page 17).
Variables: CUST-LAW-1
"The Committee notes with concern that family courts rarely take incidents of gender-based violence into consideration for alimony payments or for decisions on child custody upon dissolution of a marriage, which may have a negative impact on women and their children who are victims of gender-based violence" (Page 17).