The most comprehensive compilation of information on the status of
women in the world.

Latest items for CUST-LAW-3

Jan. 16, 2024, 6:33 p.m.
Countries: Botswana
Variables: CUST-PRACTICE-1, CUST-LAW-3

"The Administration of Justice has set up maintenance courts in major centre areas to enable women to access payment of maintenance. Implementation of the Affiliation Proceedings Act has been intensified by ensuring the enforcement of maintenance orders by the police" (13).
Oct. 15, 2023, 2:22 p.m.
Countries: United Kingdom
Variables: CUST-LAW-3

"From its misbegotten conception in 1993, I have followed the fate of the notorious Child Support Agency, now rebranded but worsened as the Child Maintenance Service (CMS)" (para 2). "Pretending to lever maintenance for children from absent fathers to give to mothers, it fails again and again. There is a deep political, cultural and legal bias that lets fathers get away with it. It’s the same women-are-to-blame instinct that tilts the benefit system against single mothers" (para 3). It seems an unwriten component of the law is that fathers are not required to pay child maintenance if women are to blame (ET - CODER COMMENT). "To sign up for the...more
July 10, 2023, 9:26 p.m.
Countries: Maldives
Variables: CUST-PRACTICE-1, CUST-LAW-3

"In this reporting period, there is clear evidence of the Magistrates Courts taking the issue of Child Allowance payments seriously, and a system has been established whereby any man owing child allowance must pay this off before being permitted to enter into another marriage contract. If the man moves to a different island to marry, the Magistrates Court of that island will contact authorities on his home island to see if there are any outstanding Child Allowance payments. Since January 2012, any person wishing to marry more than one person should earn at least Rf 15,000 (approximately USD $975)." (35).
June 20, 2023, 9:30 p.m.
Countries: Nicaragua
Variables: CUST-LAW-3

"Nicaraguan legislation provides for maternity protection through the Responsible Parenthood Act of 2007 (No. 623), which regulates a child’s right to have first and last names and to their prompt registration; a child’s right to the establishment of paternal or maternal filiation, or both; and the right to request the settlement of disputes over child maintenance and visits through administrative and judicial mechanisms that are efficient and free of charge." (11). "Those who have resident status owing to family ties must fulfil their responsibilities in terms of child maintenance, and their immigration status may be revoked if they fail to do so. This protects children’s right to State care and...more
March 8, 2023, 1:43 p.m.
Countries: Montenegro
Variables: SMES-LAW-1, CUST-LAW-3

"The Rulebook on Detailed Conditions for Realization of Basic Material Benefits from Social and Child Protection ('Official Gazette of Montenegro,' No. 40/13, 68/15, and 20/16) prescribes that the income that arises from the child-support obligation is taken in the amount determined by the decision of the competent court. If the person does not obtain income based on the child-support obligation, they are obliged to submit proof of initiating the procedure for compulsory execution of the decision of the competent court. Income based on child-support obligation shall not be considered income for exercising the right to financial support until the decision on forced collection is executed" (27).
Feb. 24, 2023, 12:54 p.m.
Countries: Nepal
Variables: CUST-LAW-3

"Number 3 (5) guarantees that separated parent who is not subsisting minor child should provide reasonable expenses for the maintenance of the child." (37).
Feb. 4, 2023, 6:14 p.m.
Countries: Namibia
Variables: CUST-LAW-3

"The Bill aimed at amending the Maintenance Act, 2003 (Act No. 9 of 2003), so as to amend the definition of 'maintenance order' and insert the definition of marriage, to clarify the legal duty to maintain, to provide for assistance to minors who are applying for maintenance, to provide for child participation as appropriate, to clarify maintenance costs relevant to persons with disabilities, to clarify the provisions on pregnancy and birth related expenses as well as to clarify the procedure for transfer of maintenance orders between courts and to provide for incidental matters thereto." (6). "The aim of the Bill is to amend the Combating of Domestic Violence Act, 2003...more
Jan. 12, 2023, 8:01 p.m.
Countries: Nicaragua
Variables: CUST-LAW-3

"This was soon followed by, 'the Law Regulating Relations Between Mothers, Fathers and Children [1981]...which created equal rights over children for both parents; and the Law of Nurturing [1982] which obliged all men to contribute to their children’s upkeep and to do their share of household tasks' (Collinson et al, 1990)" (para 13)(NF - CODER COMMENT - This law implies that prior to its implementation, that there was no real law holding men responsible for their children which includes child cupport).
Jan. 6, 2022, 12:09 p.m.
Countries: Somalia
Variables: CUST-LAW-3

"Child support is mandatory from the father. There is no court that will mandate how much a man pays. There are cases where a man will pay $100 for 5 kids. Some will pay 500. It really depends on what the father wants to pay" (1).
Aug. 28, 2021, 11:07 a.m.
Countries: Estonia
Variables: CUST-LAW-3

"According to the FLA, the father of a child is required to provide maintenance to the mother of the child eight weeks before and twelve weeks after the birth of the child. The right to demand maintenance from the father of the child does not depend on marriage. If a man and a woman have a child together, the mother is entitled to dem and maintenance from the father on the following conditions. In case a mother is unable to maintain herself due to a health disorder caused by pregnancy or childbirth, the father is required to provide maintenance until the improvement of her state of heal th. The same...more
July 3, 2021, 4:03 p.m.
Countries: Morocco
Variables: CUST-LAW-3

"A highly unexpected ruling by the court declared that the father would have to pay MAD 100,000 ($11,200) to the mother. The court stated that the father committed “debauchery” (having a sexual relationship outside the institution of marriage) according to Chapter 490 of the Criminal Code. Additionally, the judge ruled that the UN's Convention on the Rights of a Child (OHCHR) takes precedence over the Moroccan family code in this case" (para 4). "Tort liability refers to the code of Dahir, enacted in 1913, which states: 'Any act of a man who, without the authority of the law, knowingly and intentionally caused material or moral damage to another, is obliged...more
June 9, 2021, 8:43 p.m.
Countries: Poland
Variables: CUST-LAW-3

"Financial help for families is provided under the subsidiarity principle, which in the case of family benefits means that prior to applying for family allowance, single parents have to get a child support order against the other parent. However, if the child support was not ordered from the other parent since this parent is dead, the father of the child is unknown or the maintenance action has been dismissed, in addition to the family allowance the single parent is entitled to a supplement in respect of raising a child as a single parent. The amount of this allowance is higher in the case of a child holding a certificate of...more
April 20, 2021, 5:05 p.m.
Countries: Egypt
Variables: CUST-LAW-3

"Al-Sisi said the law should help create a favourable climate for children who suffer because their parents are separated" (para 13).
Dec. 20, 2020, 6:53 p.m.
Countries: Bahrain
Variables: CUST-PRACTICE-1, CUST-LAW-3

"Both parents must agree to conditions that they will maintain and guarantee the child's safety" (5).
March 24, 2020, 3:35 p.m.
Countries: Central African Rep
Variables: CUST-PRACTICE-1, CUST-LAW-3

"Uganda’s penal code does prohibit abandoning and failing to support children. But Ms. Animbou said she never went to the Ugandan base or the local authorities to report the soldier. 'They don’t want to talk about this, even with the authorities,' said Mr. Daba, adding that some women were threatened by Ugandan soldiers. 'The U.P.D.F. said they will do something bad to them — kill them or something else.'" (para 27-28).
June 7, 2019, 11:46 a.m.
Countries: Afghanistan
Variables: ATDW-LAW-1, CUST-LAW-3

"When a marriage is terminated in Afghanistan, the husband is liable to provide maintenance for the iddat (waiting period) only. Maintenance is defined in the law as taking care of the basic needs of the wife. Women have no legal right to reside in the marital home without the consent of the husband and his family. This weakens a woman’s position in cases of violence, as raising a complaint, and subsequent dissolution of marriage, would potentially mean losing her home" (Pg 16).
March 29, 2019, 5:33 p.m.
Countries: Malawi
Variables: IW-LAW-1, CUST-PRACTICE-1, CUST-LAW-3, GIC-LAW-1

"The law provides for a minimum level of child support, widows’ rights, and maternity leave; however, only women employed in the formal sector knew their rights, had access to the legal system, and thus benefited from these legal protections" (para 93).
March 11, 2019, 11:13 a.m.
Countries: Kazakhstan
Variables: CUST-LAW-3

"In accordance with article 68 of the Code on marriage, parents have equal rights and equal responsibilities in relation to their children. Under article 70 of the Code, parents bringing up a child have the primary responsibility for ensuring, to the best of their abilities and financial capacities, the living conditions necessary for the child’s physical, psychological, moral and spiritual development. The parents, in the event of disagreement between them, are entitled to apply for resolution of such disagreements in the child welfare agency or in court. Under article 138 of the Code, parents must support their minor children. If they fail to do so, child support payments are recovered...more
Nov. 16, 2018, 9:46 a.m.
Countries: Burma/Myanmar
Variables: ADCM-PRACTICE-1, CUST-LAW-1, CUST-LAW-3

"Palaung: By Palaung customary law, when a women and a man get divorced, women do not have the right to an inheritance, even if she needs to raise children by herself. If they have a son, only the father has a right to the custody of the son. In some cases, the father gets the custody of both son and daughter. Source: Palaung Women’s Organisation (PWO). Kuki: By Kuki customary law, when a woman and a man get divorced, women do not have the right to any inheritance. In the case of divorce, women are not allowed to sit in the meeting to resolve the case, and are not entitled...more
Aug. 29, 2018, 2:33 p.m.
Countries: Egypt
Variables: CUST-LAW-3

"The law is lenient for men in the cases of remarriage and evading payment of alimony for children from first marriage" (Para 2).
Aug. 15, 2018, 9:40 a.m.
Countries: Montenegro
Variables: CUST-LAW-3

"The Law on Social and Child Protection prescribes the protection of discrimination of users based on race, sex, age, nationality, social status, sexual orientation, religion, political, trade union or other appropriation, property owning, culture, language, disability, nature. The Law defines single person, as such: a divorced parent or a parent who finds himself in a situation that the other parent has died or is unknown, and maintains the child, or exercises prolonged parental right, in accordance with the law, until a marriage or common law marriage is established. Bringing the new Law on Social and Child Protection advances the area of material support, and prescribes the possibility of employment of...more
Feb. 14, 2018, 11:45 a.m.
Countries: Palestine
Variables: CUST-LAW-3

"[The father] is also obligated to support [his children] and to pay the cost of their dwelling and other costs associated with custody to the custodial parent (except to the mother during the marriage or during the waiting period after a revocable divorce)" (70). "If the father (or one of his close relatives) requests a female child to live with him after the custodial period is over and she rejects the request without justification, he may cut off support for her on the ground that she is rebellious. If a male child chooses between the mother and father when deciding where to live, his upkeep is not cut off if...more
Sept. 21, 2017, 5:35 p.m.
Countries: United States
Variables: CUST-LAW-3

"Her attacker was charged with first-degree sexual assault but was able to plead to a lesser charge of third-degree sexual assault. Under Nebraska law, Noemi could terminate her attacker's parental rights if he'd been convicted of sexual assault in the first degree. But because he was convicted of third-degree assault, his parental rights were safe. When Noemi applied for state medical assistance for her daughter, she was asked to name the father, and the state requested child support from him. Five months after Noemi gave birth, her attacker began demanding regularly scheduled visits with his biological daughter"(para 17-19)
July 3, 2017, 2:58 p.m.
Countries: Japan
Variables: CUST-LAW-3

"the law does not provide for a judicial review procedure over custody and child support matters that would safeguard the welfare of children with the result that, in cases where no agreement is reached on paying child support, children are left destitute" (15)
Feb. 27, 2017, 5:43 p.m.
Countries: Ethiopia
Variables: CUST-PRACTICE-1, CUST-LAW-3

"There was limited legal recognition of common-law marriage. A common-law husband had no obligation to provide financial assistance to his family, and consequently women and children sometimes faced abandonment" (29).
Aug. 6, 2016, 5:57 p.m.
Countries: Nicaragua
Variables: CUST-PRACTICE-1, CUST-LAW-1, CUST-LAW-3

"As a general rule, when married couple with children divorces and starts to live separately, children stay with one of the parents. However, both parents have to share the expenses spent on the maintenance of their children. For this purpose, parents have to agree on their participation in child care and the amount of child support each of them has to pay. When determining the amount, income of parents and number of children is taken into account" (para 4)
July 27, 2016, 4:23 p.m.
Countries: Venezuela
Variables: CUST-LAW-3

"Title VIII On Education and Child support/alimony Art. 282 The father and the mother are obligated to support, educate and raise their underaged children. Art.294 To receive child support/alimony means that the person requesting them can't support themselves. It also means that the person being asked to provide child support/alimony has enough means to do so. The impossibility to support themselves, the age, the condition of the person requesting for child support/alimony and other circumstances must also be considered. To set the child support/ alimony amount the necessities of the person requesting them and the means of the person meant to provide them will be considered. If these conditions were...more
July 27, 2016, 3:44 p.m.
Countries: Cuba
Variables: CUST-LAW-3

“Art. 59: Child support for underage children is mandatory for both parents, even if they do not hold custody of the children or the children are at an education facility. In the divorce ruling the court will also rule on the amount of child support to be paid by the parent who does not have custody of the children has to pay” (11). No mention of illegitimate/common law marriage children, but according to Art. 65 they should have the same rights. This was translated from Spanish to English by CCR. (MLFD – CODER COMMENT)
July 27, 2016, 3:42 p.m.
Countries: Cuba
Variables: CUST-LAW-3

“Art.65 All children are equal and therefore are entitled to the same rights regarding their parents, regardless of their marital status” (11). This was translated from Spanish to English by CCR. (MLFD – CODER COMMENT)
July 26, 2016, 1:45 p.m.
Countries: Paraguay
Variables: CUST-LAW-3

"Article 11: With there being children who are minors at the time of the divorce suit, in case of urgency the spouses or any of them should request before the court that a provisionary ruling be made on a) designation of the person or persons who will be entrusted with the children; b) the way in which the children's needs will be met; c) the quantity of the pension for food for the children; d) the visiting rights; e) responsibility for the conjugal home. In case of controversy the case will be determined by the judge." This was translated from Spanish to English by CCR. (MLFD - CODER COMMENT)more