Countries: Burma/Myanmar
Variables: CWC-DATA-3

"It has been six years since a murderous crackdown in Rakhine state forced more than 750,000 Rohingya Muslims – half of them children – across the border into refugee camps in Bangladesh" (par. 6).

Countries: Venezuela
Variables: CWC-DATA-3

"That migrant, asylum-seeking and refugee women continue to face barriers to access to justice, which are often exacerbated by their lack of trust in the judiciary and law enforcement authorities and fear of retaliation from armed or criminal groups operating in their communities" (4). "The Committee notes with concern that: (a) The Special Division of the Ombudsperson’s Office for the Protection of Migrants, Refugees and Victims of Trafficking in Persons lacks the human, technical and financial resources necessary for the implementation of its mandate, especially the collection of data on trafficking in persons in relation to migrant and refugee women at the border and in rural and mining areas; (b)...more

Countries: Peru
Variables: CWC-DATA-3

"It notes with concern the inadequate progress made in addressing the disproportionate levels of violence experienced by disadvantaged and marginalized groups of women and girls in all areas of their lives and who are also facing historical and intersecting forms of discrimination, namely... refugee and migrant women" (4). "It notes with concern, however, the persistent institutional, structural and practical barriers to women’s access to justice, including the following... Financial, linguistic, accessible and geographical barriers to gaining access to justice faced by... refugee or asylum-seeking and migrant women" (5). "It notes with concern the inadequate progress made in addressing the disproportionate levels of violence experienced by disadvantaged and marginalized groups of...more

Countries: D R Congo
Variables: CWC-DATA-3

"Five women in colorful clothing and headwraps walk hastily across fields of cassava near the village of Masumbuko in northeastern Democratic Republic of the Congo on their way to meet with an army commander near the displacement camp where the women live with thousands of other families" (para 3). "Since 1996, the provinces of Ituri, North Kivu, and South Kivu have been stirred by multiple wars triggered by an increasing number of armed groups, weak state institutions, a dysfunctional army, and ongoing battles over access to land and power. Attempts to negotiate peace deals and the presence of a United Nations peacekeeping mission have failed to stem the bloodshed and...more

Countries: Lebanon
Variables: CWC-DATA-3

"The Committee further notes with concern that school-related costs, including transportation, prevent many girls from attending school and the very low attendance rates among refugee girls" (10). "The Committee commends the State party for maintaining its long-standing open border and reception policy for Palestinian refugees and those from the Syrian Arab Republic, and for hosting more than 2 million refugees. The Committee remains concerned, however, that the 1962 law regulating the entry into, stay in and exit from Lebanon does not distinguish between asylum seekers, refugees and migrants. The Committee is also concerned about the high number of reported cases of child and/or forced marriage among Palestinian and Syrian refugee...more

Countries: Turkey
Variables: CWC-DATA-3

"In view of the intense persecution faced by the HM supporters both from the judiciary and police forces that could amount to the qualification of crimes against humanity according to the Working Group on Arbitrary Detention , many women of the HM do not have other choice than the one of forced exile. However, in view of the restriction to freedom of movement on HM supporters , women and families leave the country under illegal and very dangerous conditions: most of them arrive in Greece by crossing by boat the Evros River. They are then potentially subject to detention and violent push-backs. The German Bild daily reported in February 2018...more

Countries: Niger
Variables: CWC-DATA-3

"Since 2015, Niger, has been facing a somewhat unstable security situation in some of its regions due to its shared borders with countries in conflict such as Mali, Libya and Nigeria. These conflicts force the population of other countries as well as the Nigerien population to migrate to refugee camps in the regions of Tillabéry and Diffa. During conflicts, particularly in the region of Diffa where the terrorist group Boko Haram operates, women are the most affected as they are targeted by terrorists to become hostages, suicide bombers or sex slaves. In July 2019, 33 women and 6 children were abducted in Ngalewa in the Diffa region and these people...more

Countries: Dominican Republic
Variables: CWC-DATA-3

"The process of applying for refugee status in the Dominican Republic, in particular the interview process conducted by the National Office for Refugees under the responsibility of the Directorate General for Migration, is carried out rigorously, efficiently and fairly, as provided for in the Convention relating to the Status of Refugees, and incorporates a gender perspective, in accordance with relevant international standards. Women can therefore apply as principal applicants for recognition as refugees. Female applicants are interviewed separately, individually and confidentially. They are also informed in their own right about the possibility of being assisted by an interviewer and an interpreter who is a woman, and their refugee status extends...more

Countries: Italy
Variables: CWC-DATA-3, CWC-DATA-4

"Material and technical support from Italy has enabled the Libyan Coast Guard, under the UN-recognized Government of National Accord (GNA), to intercept thousands of people at sea and return them to Libya where they face arbitrary, indefinite detention and a high risk of exploitation and violence, including rape. Despite clear and abundant evidence of widespread human rights violations and abuses suffered by migrants in Libya, the Memorandum of Understanding that provides the framework for Italy-Libya migration cooperation automatically renewed for another three years on February 2, 2020. To date, the GNA has not accepted cosmetic changes to the MoU, which Italy proposed shortly after its renewal, to increase protection for...more

Countries: D R Congo
Variables: CWC-DATA-3

"They arrive every few minutes, survivors of the unrelenting sexual violence that defines one of the world’s most intractable conflicts. And among the first to assess the exhausted women after they reach the squalid camps on the outskirts of Goma, regional capital of the war-ravaged east of the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC), is Irengue Trezor.The 35-year-old works for Médecins Sans Frontières (MSF), overseeing the charity’s sexual violence clinics within the sprawling camps of grubby white tents that are home to 650,000 people who have fled the fighting" (Para 1, 2). Charities like MSF are reporting a growing number of refugees near the eastern city of Goma who are...more

Countries: Costa Rica
Variables: CWC-DATA-3

"[T]he Committee notes with concern... (b) Barriers to access to justice faced by Indigenous women, women of African descent, migrant, refugee and asylum-seeking women and women with disabilities, such as legal illiteracy and the lack of information on available remedies to complain about intersecting forms of discrimination" (3). "[I]t notes with concern... (b)The lack of measures to meet women’s and girls’ needs to develop science, technology, engineering and mathematics and digital skills, including for rural, migrant, refugee and Afrodescendent girls and women and women and girls with disabilities" (8). "[T]he Committee notes with concern… (e) Reported workplace violence, harassment and hate speech against migrant, refugee and asylum-seeking women" (8-9). "The...more

Countries: North Korea
Variables: LDS-PRACTICE-2, CWC-DATA-3

"Over 70 per cent of defectors fleeing Kim Jong-un's regime are female, according to a 2023 article by the Korea Times. Some defectors are helped to escape by brokers, only to be sold as brides in China, where a gender imbalance has fuelled a black market trade. But the Chinese state classifies North Korean defectors as illegal economic migrants rather than refugees, and repatriates those it captures. Last year, up to 600 defectors were repatriated in October alone, according to the Transitional Justice Working Group (TJWG), an NGO in South Korea" (Para 12-15).

Countries: Sudan
Variables: CWC-DATA-3

"Sudanese refugees who wade across a stream to enter Chad mostly say they leave because of starvation at home. But in tearful whispers, they add that something else is also driving both the starvation and the exodus: mass rape" (para 1). "[M]ore than two million Sudanese have fled their country since it tumbled into civil war last year amid a new explosion of violence and accompanying famine" (para 6).

Countries: Sudan
Variables: CWC-DATA-3

"In the 18 months since fighting began, the RSF and Sudanese army have fought bitter battles for power across the country, displacing around 14 million people according to the UN, while at least 19,000 people have been killed" (para 13).

Countries: Sudan
Variables: CWC-DATA-3

"Dr Shaza and her family fled their home in Al Hilaliya in eastern Al Jazira and are now living in tents in an empty plot of land in Shendi, a safe city just 150km northeast of Sudan's besieged capital Khartoum" (par. 5).