Countries: Afghanistan
Variables: IIP-PRACTICE-1, DSFMF-PRACTICE-2, DSFMF-PRACTICE-3, DSFMF-LAW-1

"Women accused of adultery have been publicly lashed by the Taliban as the Islamist group rolls out sharia law across Afghanistan. Ten men and nine women were each whipped 39 times in the city of Taloqan for alleged adultery and theft, a senior Taliban official said" (para 1-2).

Countries: Somalia
Variables: DSFMF-LAW-1

At least 15 countries still practice stoning, either legally or illegally in tribal areas, with human rights groups highlighting Somalia as handing down the punishment most frequently.

Countries: Maldives
Variables: DSFMF-LAW-1

"...and as sexual relations outside of marriage is prohibited in Maldives..." (25). "On the Committee’s CO stipulating 'as a matter of urgency, decriminalize and abolish the imposition of flogging as a sentence for consensual sexual relations outside marriage, as recommended by the Committee in its previous concluding observations, as enshrined in Article 10 of the country’s Constitution (2008), Islam is one of the bases of law in the Maldives. Sexual relations outside of marriage are prohibited and flogging as a punishment is in accordance with the Shari’ah'." (33).

Countries: United Arab Emirates
Variables: IRP-LAW-1, DSFMF-LAW-1

"Sharia (Islamic) courts, which adjudicate criminal and family law cases, may impose flogging as punishment for adultery, prostitution, consensual premarital sex, pregnancy outside marriage, defamation of character, and drug or alcohol charges. Reports of flogging were rare and tended to be confined to only a few jurisdictions" (3).

Countries: Somalia
Variables: DSFMF-LAW-1

"There are laws against adultery. According to Sharia Law, it differs for male and females when married and when not married. When a woman has never been married before she will get 100 slashes for committing adultery, the same goes for the male. In most cases, it is the woman who gets punished more. Also it is important to note, in order to give either man or woman 100 slashes, four witnesses must witness the intercourse take place according to Islamic Law" (1).

Countries: Afghanistan
Variables: DSFMF-LAW-1

"The Committee is particularly concerned about discriminatory provisions contained in the Civil Code of 1977 and the Shia Personal Status Law of 2009 with regard to child marriage, divorce, polygamy, inheritance and the guardianship of children, and about the criminalization of so-called 'moral crimes', such as running away from home or adultery, under the Criminal Code" (3, 6).

Countries: Kuwait
Variables: MARR-LAW-1, DSFMF-LAW-1

"A lack of legislation that specifically targets and penalises gender-based violence against women, in addition to the prevalence of laws that enable such abuse – such as a law that allows a male kidnapper to marry their victim, or Article 153 that justifies the murder of a woman by her male family member if she was 'caught by surprise' in the act of adultery, plus a discrepancy between the sentences given to men and women for the same crimes, in which men tend to receive lighter sentences – has allowed men, like the man accused of murdering Farah Akbar, to genuinely believe that they can get away with crimes as...more

Countries: Taiwan
Variables: DSFMF-LAW-1

"Adultery has been decriminalised in Taiwan after the country's top court ruled the law against it breached constitutional protections for sexual autonomy today" (Para 1). "[Adultery] had previously been punishable by up to a year in prison, although most convicted normally payed a fine and received a criminal record rather than serving time" (Para 2).

Countries: D R Congo
Variables: DSFMF-PRACTICE-3, DSFMF-LAW-1

"Courts may sentence women found guilty of adultery to up to one year in prison, while adultery by men is punishable only if judged to have 'an injurious quality'" (p 41).

Countries: Uganda
Variables: DSFMF-PRACTICE-3, DSFMF-LAW-1

"Traditional divorce law in many areas required women to meet stricter evidentiary standards than men to prove adultery" (p 29).

Countries: Qatar
Variables: LRW-PRACTICE-3, DSFMF-LAW-1

"Individuals convicted of zina (sex outside of marriage) can be sentenced to prison. In addition to imprisonment, Muslims can be sentenced to flogging (if unmarried) or the death penalty (if married). Women are disproportionately impacted as pregnancy serves as evidence of extramarital sex and women who report rape can find themselves prosecuted for consensual sex instead" (para 20).

Countries: Afghanistan
Variables: LRCM-LAW-1, LRCM-LAW-2, MURDER-PRACTICE-1, IIP-PRACTICE-1, ATDW-PRACTICE-2, ATDW-LAW-5, DSFMF-LAW-1, DV-PRACTICE-1, DV-PRACTICE-2

“N. v. Sweden (no. 23505/09) (20 July 2010): The applicant, an Afghan national having an extra-marital affair with a man in Sweden, maintained that she risked social exclusion, long imprisonment or even death if returned to Afghanistan. Her applications for asylum were unsuccessful. The Court found that the applicant’s deportation from Sweden to Afghanistan would constitute a violation of Article 3 (prohibition of inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment) of the Convention. It noted that women were at particular risk of ill-treatment in Afghanistan if perceived as not conforming to the gender roles ascribed to them by society, tradition and even the legal system. The mere fact that the applicant...more

Countries: Afghanistan
Variables: DSFMF-LAW-1

"Zina is a crime under the Afghan Penal Code and is punishable by 5 to 15 years in prison" (9).

Countries: Morocco
Variables: DSFMF-LAW-1

"In Morocco, consensual sex between adults who are not married to one another is punishable by up to one year in prison" (para 25).

Countries: Somalia
Variables: DSFMF-LAW-1

"Adultery in al-Shabaab-controlled areas was punishable by death; unlike in prior years, there were no reports of women being stoned to death for adultery." (33).