Latest items for ERBG-DATA-1
March 18, 2023, 10:20 p.m.
Countries: Ethiopia
Variables: ERBG-DATA-1
"Despite the law that ensures equal pay for work of equal value, there are gaps in payment between men and women in the private sector" (16).
Variables: ERBG-DATA-1
"Despite the law that ensures equal pay for work of equal value, there are gaps in payment between men and women in the private sector" (16).
March 16, 2023, 3:32 a.m.
Countries: Bulgaria
Variables: ERBG-DATA-1
“During the past decade of post-socialist transformations, it seems that official labour statistics have indicated that women and men have fared equally, although many suggest that such data hides the practical manifestations of discrimination in the work force. One reason for similarities in the data — such as the male and female unemployment rates — could be that there are now fewer women active and registered in the labour force. Often, as state services were cut, women left the active labour force in order to remain at home with children. Similarly, women who start small businesses from their homes to augment levels of income are also not considered as part...more
Variables: ERBG-DATA-1
“During the past decade of post-socialist transformations, it seems that official labour statistics have indicated that women and men have fared equally, although many suggest that such data hides the practical manifestations of discrimination in the work force. One reason for similarities in the data — such as the male and female unemployment rates — could be that there are now fewer women active and registered in the labour force. Often, as state services were cut, women left the active labour force in order to remain at home with children. Similarly, women who start small businesses from their homes to augment levels of income are also not considered as part...more
March 8, 2023, 1:43 p.m.
Countries: Montenegro
Variables: ERBG-DATA-1
"According to the data from the Decent Work Country Program, Montenegro 2019-2021 (ILO), the gender pay gap is significant in Montenegro and remains at the level of the EU average (16 per cent)" (21).
Variables: ERBG-DATA-1
"According to the data from the Decent Work Country Program, Montenegro 2019-2021 (ILO), the gender pay gap is significant in Montenegro and remains at the level of the EU average (16 per cent)" (21).
Feb. 22, 2023, 10:40 a.m.
Countries: Bulgaria
Variables: ERBG-PRACTICE-3, ERBG-DATA-1
“We found another interesting piece of data as well: only 2% of the companies are founded entirely by women, and 20% have a female co-founder, stats the latest report by EDIT. Our observation, however not backed by any data, is that women are rather the business development engines in tech companies, regardless of the fact that some of them come from engineering backgrounds and others did not have any technology experience in previous careers” (second paragraph).
Variables: ERBG-PRACTICE-3, ERBG-DATA-1
“We found another interesting piece of data as well: only 2% of the companies are founded entirely by women, and 20% have a female co-founder, stats the latest report by EDIT. Our observation, however not backed by any data, is that women are rather the business development engines in tech companies, regardless of the fact that some of them come from engineering backgrounds and others did not have any technology experience in previous careers” (second paragraph).
Feb. 19, 2023, 1:18 p.m.
Countries: Bulgaria
Variables: ERBG-DATA-1
“Women faced discrimination in employment, in the workplace, and in access to pension benefits and retirement” (p. 23).
Variables: ERBG-DATA-1
“Women faced discrimination in employment, in the workplace, and in access to pension benefits and retirement” (p. 23).
Feb. 6, 2023, 12:07 p.m.
Countries: Kyrgyzstan
Variables: ERBG-DATA-1
"The Committee [on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women]... remains concerned about…[t]he persistent gender pay gap" (10).
Variables: ERBG-DATA-1
"The Committee [on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women]... remains concerned about…[t]he persistent gender pay gap" (10).
Feb. 2, 2023, 1:11 p.m.
Countries: Austria
Variables: ERBG-DATA-1
"The Committee notes with concern that: (a) The gender pay gap in the State party (19.9 per cent in 2017) is one of the highest in the European Union, and it adversely affects women throughout their working life and in terms of their pension benefits, as evidenced by the fact that the average pension level for women is about 40 per cent lower than that for men" (10).
Variables: ERBG-DATA-1
"The Committee notes with concern that: (a) The gender pay gap in the State party (19.9 per cent in 2017) is one of the highest in the European Union, and it adversely affects women throughout their working life and in terms of their pension benefits, as evidenced by the fact that the average pension level for women is about 40 per cent lower than that for men" (10).
Jan. 13, 2023, 4:13 p.m.
Countries: United Kingdom
Variables: ERBG-LAW-2, ERBG-DATA-1
"The gender pay gap for secondary school leaders grew by more than a third in the last year, a new analysis shows. School Workforce data from the Department of Education shows the average difference between male and female earnings stood at £3,698 in the 2021/22 academic year. In 2020/21, male secondary headteachers earnt £2,702 more on average a year than females" (para 1-3). "The average gender pay gap for headteachers aged 60 and over has also increased. In the last academic year, men earned an average £18,296 more than women – a 5 per cent rise from £17,334 last year" (para 5). "Other leadership roles, including deputy and assistant heads,...more
Variables: ERBG-LAW-2, ERBG-DATA-1
"The gender pay gap for secondary school leaders grew by more than a third in the last year, a new analysis shows. School Workforce data from the Department of Education shows the average difference between male and female earnings stood at £3,698 in the 2021/22 academic year. In 2020/21, male secondary headteachers earnt £2,702 more on average a year than females" (para 1-3). "The average gender pay gap for headteachers aged 60 and over has also increased. In the last academic year, men earned an average £18,296 more than women – a 5 per cent rise from £17,334 last year" (para 5). "Other leadership roles, including deputy and assistant heads,...more
Jan. 6, 2023, 5:33 p.m.
Countries: United Kingdom
Variables: ERBG-DATA-1, SEGI-PRACTICE-2
"In response to Webb’s campaign, the DWP said: 'This year we will spend over £110bn on the state pension and our priority is ensuring every pensioner receives all the financial support to which they are entitled. Where errors do occur, we are committed to identifying and rectifying them.' It added: 'The government decided over 25 years ago that it was going to make the state pension age the same for men and women as a long-overdue move towards gender equality. Both the high court and court of appeal have supported the actions of the DWP, under successive governments dating back to 1995, and the supreme court refused the claimants permission...more
Variables: ERBG-DATA-1, SEGI-PRACTICE-2
"In response to Webb’s campaign, the DWP said: 'This year we will spend over £110bn on the state pension and our priority is ensuring every pensioner receives all the financial support to which they are entitled. Where errors do occur, we are committed to identifying and rectifying them.' It added: 'The government decided over 25 years ago that it was going to make the state pension age the same for men and women as a long-overdue move towards gender equality. Both the high court and court of appeal have supported the actions of the DWP, under successive governments dating back to 1995, and the supreme court refused the claimants permission...more
July 6, 2022, 10:19 a.m.
Countries: Canada
Variables: ERBG-DATA-1
"But men win out in other ways. As the report notes, they continue to have higher incomes on average than women. That means more are able to afford zero-emission vehicles and can benefit from certain incentives as a result" (Para. 10).
Variables: ERBG-DATA-1
"But men win out in other ways. As the report notes, they continue to have higher incomes on average than women. That means more are able to afford zero-emission vehicles and can benefit from certain incentives as a result" (Para. 10).
July 1, 2022, 11:43 a.m.
Countries: East Timor
Variables: ERBG-DATA-1
"An increase in secure wage employment of the total employments (from 30 per cent to 41 per cent) has been observed between 2010 and 2013 (although more rapid for men than for women)" (29). "According to the 2016 Mini Labour Force Survey, monthly median wages for male reached 235.9 USD per month and 184.0 USD for women. As such, the gender pay gap is 22 per cent" (32). "Factors may include the over-representation of women in typically lower paying industries and occupations, such as hospitality and administration, as well as the high rate of women working part-time (29 per cent of employed women compared to 13 per cent of men...more
Variables: ERBG-DATA-1
"An increase in secure wage employment of the total employments (from 30 per cent to 41 per cent) has been observed between 2010 and 2013 (although more rapid for men than for women)" (29). "According to the 2016 Mini Labour Force Survey, monthly median wages for male reached 235.9 USD per month and 184.0 USD for women. As such, the gender pay gap is 22 per cent" (32). "Factors may include the over-representation of women in typically lower paying industries and occupations, such as hospitality and administration, as well as the high rate of women working part-time (29 per cent of employed women compared to 13 per cent of men...more
June 21, 2022, 1:11 p.m.
Countries: Guyana
Variables: ERBG-DATA-1
"The significant gender pay gap" (11).
Variables: ERBG-DATA-1
"The significant gender pay gap" (11).
June 21, 2022, 8:35 a.m.
Countries: United Kingdom
Variables: ERBG-DATA-1
"Equality Act (Gender Pay Gap Information) Regulations, introduced under section 78 of the Equality Act of 2010, in 2017, requiring private and voluntary organizations with more than 250 employees to publish their gender pay gap data" (2). "It also welcomes the adoption of legislation to introduce a requirement for companies and public bodies with over 250 employees to publish their gender pay gap data in England, Scotland and Wales and the voluntary initiatives led by the business sector to increase the representation of women in the private sector, such as the Hampton-Alexander Review" (11). "The Committee is further concerned that the increase in the State pension age for women from...more
Variables: ERBG-DATA-1
"Equality Act (Gender Pay Gap Information) Regulations, introduced under section 78 of the Equality Act of 2010, in 2017, requiring private and voluntary organizations with more than 250 employees to publish their gender pay gap data" (2). "It also welcomes the adoption of legislation to introduce a requirement for companies and public bodies with over 250 employees to publish their gender pay gap data in England, Scotland and Wales and the voluntary initiatives led by the business sector to increase the representation of women in the private sector, such as the Hampton-Alexander Review" (11). "The Committee is further concerned that the increase in the State pension age for women from...more
June 14, 2022, 5:24 p.m.
Countries: Denmark
Variables: ERBG-DATA-1
"The unadjusted gender pay gap has decreased relatively significantly since 2007. In 2018, the Danish National Centre for Social Research published an updated report on pay gap between men and women. The 2018 report covers the period 2012 to 2016, but also looks at trends and developments since 1996. In 2016, the unadjusted gender pay gap was 10–15 percent depending on the pay concept. The unadjusted gender pay gap has decreased relatively significantly since 2007. The decrease is up to 5 percentage points. This corresponds to a reduction of the unadjusted gender pay gap of one fourth and one third depending on the wage concept used. In the previous period...more
Variables: ERBG-DATA-1
"The unadjusted gender pay gap has decreased relatively significantly since 2007. In 2018, the Danish National Centre for Social Research published an updated report on pay gap between men and women. The 2018 report covers the period 2012 to 2016, but also looks at trends and developments since 1996. In 2016, the unadjusted gender pay gap was 10–15 percent depending on the pay concept. The unadjusted gender pay gap has decreased relatively significantly since 2007. The decrease is up to 5 percentage points. This corresponds to a reduction of the unadjusted gender pay gap of one fourth and one third depending on the wage concept used. In the previous period...more
May 30, 2022, 9:08 p.m.
Countries: Switzerland
Variables: ERBG-DATA-1
"New indicative figures from the Swiss Earnings Structure Survey (LSE) show that in the private sector the wage differential between women and men increased by 0.5 percentage point, to 18.9 per cent (standardized [median] monthly gross wage) in 2012 , after a temporary decline (2008:) 19.4 per cent; 2010: 18.4 per cent). Wage disparities between men and women exist in all industries, but wages vary considerably from one industry to another. In the private sector, the differential is greater the higher the educational level and the qualifications and hierarchical level of the position. The wage differential is a function of several factors that are closely linked to the differences between...more
Variables: ERBG-DATA-1
"New indicative figures from the Swiss Earnings Structure Survey (LSE) show that in the private sector the wage differential between women and men increased by 0.5 percentage point, to 18.9 per cent (standardized [median] monthly gross wage) in 2012 , after a temporary decline (2008:) 19.4 per cent; 2010: 18.4 per cent). Wage disparities between men and women exist in all industries, but wages vary considerably from one industry to another. In the private sector, the differential is greater the higher the educational level and the qualifications and hierarchical level of the position. The wage differential is a function of several factors that are closely linked to the differences between...more
May 16, 2022, 8:09 p.m.
Countries: Suriname
Variables: ERBG-DATA-1
"No statistics are available on incomes of employed persons by sex and per sector over the 2002 2014 period. There are also no data available regarding differences in salaries between men and women with the same job under equal qualifications. There are also no complaints filed at the Ministry of Labour on this matter. The public sector maintains a fixed salary wage for officials (FISO). Private companies with a Collective Labour Agreement also have wage ranges. With regard to the smaller companies, it is unclear how the wage structure looks like" (27). "The government manages a pension system granting a pension to Surinamese civil servants and employees of State-owned enterprises....more
Variables: ERBG-DATA-1
"No statistics are available on incomes of employed persons by sex and per sector over the 2002 2014 period. There are also no data available regarding differences in salaries between men and women with the same job under equal qualifications. There are also no complaints filed at the Ministry of Labour on this matter. The public sector maintains a fixed salary wage for officials (FISO). Private companies with a Collective Labour Agreement also have wage ranges. With regard to the smaller companies, it is unclear how the wage structure looks like" (27). "The government manages a pension system granting a pension to Surinamese civil servants and employees of State-owned enterprises....more
May 12, 2022, 5 p.m.
Countries: Panama
Variables: ERBG-DATA-1
"Although the country is a member of the International Equal Pay Coalition, which promotes pay equality between women and men, a gender wage gap continued to exist" (23).
Variables: ERBG-DATA-1
"Although the country is a member of the International Equal Pay Coalition, which promotes pay equality between women and men, a gender wage gap continued to exist" (23).
March 19, 2022, 8:08 p.m.
Countries: United Kingdom
Variables: ERBG-DATA-1
"For the first time since before the Second World War, men and women older than the age of 65 will start collecting their state pension"(para 1). "Historically, women could collect their state pension at age 60 and men at age 65 but, since 2011, it has been gradually equalised. By October 6, 2020, the age at which both sexes can claim their state pension will be 66"(para 4)."Sir Steve Webb, former pensions minister and director of policy at Royal London, said: 'In recent years it has been women who have needed to keep a close eye on changes in their state pension age.But for the first time both men and...more
Variables: ERBG-DATA-1
"For the first time since before the Second World War, men and women older than the age of 65 will start collecting their state pension"(para 1). "Historically, women could collect their state pension at age 60 and men at age 65 but, since 2011, it has been gradually equalised. By October 6, 2020, the age at which both sexes can claim their state pension will be 66"(para 4)."Sir Steve Webb, former pensions minister and director of policy at Royal London, said: 'In recent years it has been women who have needed to keep a close eye on changes in their state pension age.But for the first time both men and...more
March 15, 2022, 11:02 a.m.
Countries: Lithuania
Variables: ERBG-DATA-1
"The law stipulates that discrimination based on sex should also cover discrimination related to pregnancy and maternity (childbirth and breastfeeding). The matter of female poverty among the elderly who do not receive equal government social remuneration, as well as a pay gap between men and women, continued to exist" (19).
Variables: ERBG-DATA-1
"The law stipulates that discrimination based on sex should also cover discrimination related to pregnancy and maternity (childbirth and breastfeeding). The matter of female poverty among the elderly who do not receive equal government social remuneration, as well as a pay gap between men and women, continued to exist" (19).
March 10, 2022, 9:58 a.m.
Countries: Peru
Variables: ERBG-DATA-1
"...The law stipulates that women should receive equal pay for equal work, but women often were paid less than men. The National Institute of Statistics estimated that, as of 2018, women’s earnings were an average of 68 percent of their male counterparts’ earnings" (14). "Societal prejudice and discrimination led to disproportionately high poverty and unemployment rates for women, who earned 30 percent less than their male counterparts. Women were more likely than men to work in the informal sector, such as in domestic work or as street vendors, resulting in lower wages and a lack of benefits. Women were also more likely to work in less safe occupations, such as...more
Variables: ERBG-DATA-1
"...The law stipulates that women should receive equal pay for equal work, but women often were paid less than men. The National Institute of Statistics estimated that, as of 2018, women’s earnings were an average of 68 percent of their male counterparts’ earnings" (14). "Societal prejudice and discrimination led to disproportionately high poverty and unemployment rates for women, who earned 30 percent less than their male counterparts. Women were more likely than men to work in the informal sector, such as in domestic work or as street vendors, resulting in lower wages and a lack of benefits. Women were also more likely to work in less safe occupations, such as...more
March 9, 2022, 8:57 a.m.
Countries: Italy
Variables: ERBG-DATA-1
"...article 37 which states 'the right of the woman worker to the same wages for the man worker, for equal work, under the motto 'equal pay for equal work'...developed a set of standards aimed at ensuring equal rights in the area of the access to employment, training, working conditions and social protection...The legal basis concerning women workers and maternity protection is found in article 37, 'working conditions should allow (the woman worker) the performance of her essential role in the family and ensure the mother and the child adequate protection'" (6). "The participation in an action-oriented research On Gender Wage differentials, to reduce relevant gender inequalities in the Italian industry...more
Variables: ERBG-DATA-1
"...article 37 which states 'the right of the woman worker to the same wages for the man worker, for equal work, under the motto 'equal pay for equal work'...developed a set of standards aimed at ensuring equal rights in the area of the access to employment, training, working conditions and social protection...The legal basis concerning women workers and maternity protection is found in article 37, 'working conditions should allow (the woman worker) the performance of her essential role in the family and ensure the mother and the child adequate protection'" (6). "The participation in an action-oriented research On Gender Wage differentials, to reduce relevant gender inequalities in the Italian industry...more
March 4, 2022, 6:57 p.m.
Countries: Fiji
Variables: ERBG-DATA-1
"Although the law prohibits gender-based discrimination and requires equal pay for equal work, employers generally paid women less than men for similar work" (16). "Discrimination in employment and wages occurred against women and persons with disabilities. Women generally received less pay than men for similar work..." (24).
Variables: ERBG-DATA-1
"Although the law prohibits gender-based discrimination and requires equal pay for equal work, employers generally paid women less than men for similar work" (16). "Discrimination in employment and wages occurred against women and persons with disabilities. Women generally received less pay than men for similar work..." (24).
Feb. 28, 2022, 4:35 p.m.
Countries: El Salvador
Variables: ERBG-DATA-1
"The constitution grants women and men the same legal rights, but women did not receive equal pay or employment opportunities"(19).
Variables: ERBG-DATA-1
"The constitution grants women and men the same legal rights, but women did not receive equal pay or employment opportunities"(19).
Feb. 24, 2022, 10:11 p.m.
Countries: Colombia
Variables: ERBG-PRACTICE-3, ERBG-DATA-1, NGOFW-DATA-1
"Unemployment disproportionately affected women, who faced hiring discrimination and received salaries that generally were not commensurate with their education and experience. The NGO Sisma Mujer reported that on average women were paid 28 percent less than men. In a previous year, a senior government official estimated that 85 percent of persons with disabilities were unemployed. Afro-Colombian labor unions reported discrimination in the port sector" (40).
Variables: ERBG-PRACTICE-3, ERBG-DATA-1, NGOFW-DATA-1
"Unemployment disproportionately affected women, who faced hiring discrimination and received salaries that generally were not commensurate with their education and experience. The NGO Sisma Mujer reported that on average women were paid 28 percent less than men. In a previous year, a senior government official estimated that 85 percent of persons with disabilities were unemployed. Afro-Colombian labor unions reported discrimination in the port sector" (40).
Feb. 4, 2022, 7:59 p.m.
Countries: Norway
Variables: ERBG-DATA-1, ERBG-DATA-4
"Discrimination in employment and occupation occurred with respect to gender and ethnicity. The law provides that women and men engaged in the same activity shall receive equal wages for work of equal value. In 2018 women earned on average 13.8 percent less than men on a monthly basis, according to Statistics Norway, which also reported that 37 percent of women and 14.6 percent of men worked part time in 2017, the most recent year for which data were available" (18).
Variables: ERBG-DATA-1, ERBG-DATA-4
"Discrimination in employment and occupation occurred with respect to gender and ethnicity. The law provides that women and men engaged in the same activity shall receive equal wages for work of equal value. In 2018 women earned on average 13.8 percent less than men on a monthly basis, according to Statistics Norway, which also reported that 37 percent of women and 14.6 percent of men worked part time in 2017, the most recent year for which data were available" (18).
Feb. 2, 2022, 12:28 p.m.
Countries: Madagascar
Variables: ERBG-DATA-1
"In rural areas, where most of the population engaged in subsistence farming, traditional social structures tended to favor entrenched gender roles, leading to a pattern of discrimination against women. While there was little discrimination in access to employment and credit, women often did not receive equal pay for substantially similar work..." (30).
Variables: ERBG-DATA-1
"In rural areas, where most of the population engaged in subsistence farming, traditional social structures tended to favor entrenched gender roles, leading to a pattern of discrimination against women. While there was little discrimination in access to employment and credit, women often did not receive equal pay for substantially similar work..." (30).
Jan. 27, 2022, 10:21 a.m.
Countries: Jamaica
Variables: ERBG-DATA-1
"Although the law provides for the same legal status and rights for women as for men, including equal pay for equal work, women encountered discrimination in the workplace and often earned less than men"(12).
Variables: ERBG-DATA-1
"Although the law provides for the same legal status and rights for women as for men, including equal pay for equal work, women encountered discrimination in the workplace and often earned less than men"(12).
Jan. 24, 2022, 1:07 p.m.
Countries: India
Variables: ERBG-DATA-1
"The law prohibits discrimination in the workplace and requires equal pay for equal work, but employers reportedly often paid women less than men for the same job" (47).
Variables: ERBG-DATA-1
"The law prohibits discrimination in the workplace and requires equal pay for equal work, but employers reportedly often paid women less than men for the same job" (47).
Jan. 14, 2022, 10:50 a.m.
Countries: Belize
Variables: ERBG-DATA-1
"The law provides for the same legal status and rights for women as for men. The law also mandates equal pay for equal work, but the labor commissioner verified that men earned on average BZ$90 ($45) more per month than women did because they held higher managerial positions. The law provides generally for the continuity of employment and protection against unfair dismissal, including for sexual harassment in the workplace, pregnancy, or HIV status" (12).
Variables: ERBG-DATA-1
"The law provides for the same legal status and rights for women as for men. The law also mandates equal pay for equal work, but the labor commissioner verified that men earned on average BZ$90 ($45) more per month than women did because they held higher managerial positions. The law provides generally for the continuity of employment and protection against unfair dismissal, including for sexual harassment in the workplace, pregnancy, or HIV status" (12).
Jan. 13, 2022, 1:27 p.m.
Countries: Costa Rica
Variables: ERBG-DATA-1
"The law requires that women and men receive equal pay for equal work. The government enforced the laws effectively, although an official study reported a pay gap of 13 percent for highly skilled jobs. Assembly approved an amendment to the women's equality law to establish pay equality between men and women in both the public and private sectors and to create an interagency commission for pay equality" (11).
Variables: ERBG-DATA-1
"The law requires that women and men receive equal pay for equal work. The government enforced the laws effectively, although an official study reported a pay gap of 13 percent for highly skilled jobs. Assembly approved an amendment to the women's equality law to establish pay equality between men and women in both the public and private sectors and to create an interagency commission for pay equality" (11).