Latest items for ERBG-DATA-2
April 1, 2023, 9:26 p.m.
Countries: Uzbekistan
Variables: ERBG-DATA-2
"To encourage the hiring of women, 131,074 new jobs were created in 2018, including 29,785 in enterprises and organizations, 8,679 in small businesses, 3,664 in the cottage industry, 8,967 in family businesses, 62,335 in silkworm breeding and 18,623 in other sectors. Forty thousand new jobs were created in 2019. To date, almost 30,000 women have been placed in jobs." (26). "Women in Uzbekistan are widely represented in such public sectors of the labour market as education, health and social services, culture and art, the hotel business and public catering. They account for 76.6 percent of all employment in health, social security and sports, and 75.6 percent in education, culture, arts...more
Variables: ERBG-DATA-2
"To encourage the hiring of women, 131,074 new jobs were created in 2018, including 29,785 in enterprises and organizations, 8,679 in small businesses, 3,664 in the cottage industry, 8,967 in family businesses, 62,335 in silkworm breeding and 18,623 in other sectors. Forty thousand new jobs were created in 2019. To date, almost 30,000 women have been placed in jobs." (26). "Women in Uzbekistan are widely represented in such public sectors of the labour market as education, health and social services, culture and art, the hotel business and public catering. They account for 76.6 percent of all employment in health, social security and sports, and 75.6 percent in education, culture, arts...more
March 31, 2023, 2:31 p.m.
Countries: Egypt
Variables: ERBG-DATA-2
" [I]n the private sector, women are underrepresented or disadvantaged" (5). "[T]he rate of women’s labour force participation stands at half the global rate (at 22 per cent)" (9).
Variables: ERBG-DATA-2
" [I]n the private sector, women are underrepresented or disadvantaged" (5). "[T]he rate of women’s labour force participation stands at half the global rate (at 22 per cent)" (9).
March 18, 2023, 10:20 p.m.
Countries: Ethiopia
Variables: ERBG-DATA-2
"In 2013 the female employment to population ratio reached 72.1 per cent. Agriculture and industry are the major employers of women. From the industrial and manufacturing sectors textile industry takes 66 per cent and the leather industry covers 68 per cent of total employment of women. Employment of women reached 62.4 per cent in the formal economy and the proportion of women employed in the informal economy declined to 36.5 per cent and women in civil service account for 41 per cent... 63.1 per cent of women remain outside of the economically active population. The proportion of unemployed female youth is greater with 30.2 per cent and 5.5 per cent...more
Variables: ERBG-DATA-2
"In 2013 the female employment to population ratio reached 72.1 per cent. Agriculture and industry are the major employers of women. From the industrial and manufacturing sectors textile industry takes 66 per cent and the leather industry covers 68 per cent of total employment of women. Employment of women reached 62.4 per cent in the formal economy and the proportion of women employed in the informal economy declined to 36.5 per cent and women in civil service account for 41 per cent... 63.1 per cent of women remain outside of the economically active population. The proportion of unemployed female youth is greater with 30.2 per cent and 5.5 per cent...more
March 16, 2023, 3:32 a.m.
Countries: Bulgaria
Variables: ERBG-DATA-2
“Although Communist era policies enforced the participation of women on a par with men in the work force and encouraged equal access to education and services, the regime also entrenched their roles as mothers and political participants. Despite the many benefits to women, these policies resulted in the feminization of certain employment sectors, a gender wage gap and certain inhibiting legal protections, which served to limit women’s equal participation in the labour force. Perhaps most significant to women’s participation in the post-socialist formal labour market was women’s perception of the right to work as an obligation and a duty in addition to their family responsibilities, rather than a right they...more
Variables: ERBG-DATA-2
“Although Communist era policies enforced the participation of women on a par with men in the work force and encouraged equal access to education and services, the regime also entrenched their roles as mothers and political participants. Despite the many benefits to women, these policies resulted in the feminization of certain employment sectors, a gender wage gap and certain inhibiting legal protections, which served to limit women’s equal participation in the labour force. Perhaps most significant to women’s participation in the post-socialist formal labour market was women’s perception of the right to work as an obligation and a duty in addition to their family responsibilities, rather than a right they...more
March 11, 2023, 9:34 a.m.
Countries: Ethiopia
Variables: ERBG-DATA-2
"[T]he number of women in cooperatives reached 3.61 million. Further, 110,544 women are employed by cooperatives" (19).
Variables: ERBG-DATA-2
"[T]he number of women in cooperatives reached 3.61 million. Further, 110,544 women are employed by cooperatives" (19).
March 11, 2023, 9:33 a.m.
Countries: Ethiopia
Variables: ERBG-DATA-2
"The proportion of women in the teaching profession is 37 per cent at primary; 16 per cent at secondary; 8.3 per cent in teachers training institutions; 17 per cent in TVETs and 11.7 per cent in higher educational institutions. Although these figures show improvements over the reporting period, the proportion remain slow" (15, 29).
Variables: ERBG-DATA-2
"The proportion of women in the teaching profession is 37 per cent at primary; 16 per cent at secondary; 8.3 per cent in teachers training institutions; 17 per cent in TVETs and 11.7 per cent in higher educational institutions. Although these figures show improvements over the reporting period, the proportion remain slow" (15, 29).
March 8, 2023, 1:43 p.m.
Countries: Montenegro
Variables: ERBG-DATA-2
"Compared to 2016, when the employment rate of women (15-64) stood at the level of 46.8 per cent, the employment rate in 2019 reached the level of 49.7 per cent, nearing the planned value, which could be achieved in the final year of implementation of the Strategy. The crisis caused by the COVID-19 pandemic led to a worsening of all indicators and a regression when it comes to plans to achieve the target results in 2020, with the employment rate for women (15-64) at the end of 2020 standing at 44.4 per cent. There is still a gap in terms of employment of women compared to the employment rate of...more
Variables: ERBG-DATA-2
"Compared to 2016, when the employment rate of women (15-64) stood at the level of 46.8 per cent, the employment rate in 2019 reached the level of 49.7 per cent, nearing the planned value, which could be achieved in the final year of implementation of the Strategy. The crisis caused by the COVID-19 pandemic led to a worsening of all indicators and a regression when it comes to plans to achieve the target results in 2020, with the employment rate for women (15-64) at the end of 2020 standing at 44.4 per cent. There is still a gap in terms of employment of women compared to the employment rate of...more
Feb. 24, 2023, 12:54 p.m.
Countries: Nepal
Variables: ERBG-DATA-2
"Agricultural sector remains the main employer, with 75 percent of women and 35 percent of men engaged in agricultural occupations. Ten percent of the total number of women employed in the agricultural sector are paid in-kind. Women are more likely to be paid in cash if they are employed in the non-agricultural sector: 80 percent of women employed in this sector are paid in cash. There has been a change in the employment structure as compared to the 2006 Survey which had the finding that 86 percent of women and 52 percent of men were employed in agricultural occupations. According to NDHS of 2011, there has been increase in women’s...more
Variables: ERBG-DATA-2
"Agricultural sector remains the main employer, with 75 percent of women and 35 percent of men engaged in agricultural occupations. Ten percent of the total number of women employed in the agricultural sector are paid in-kind. Women are more likely to be paid in cash if they are employed in the non-agricultural sector: 80 percent of women employed in this sector are paid in cash. There has been a change in the employment structure as compared to the 2006 Survey which had the finding that 86 percent of women and 52 percent of men were employed in agricultural occupations. According to NDHS of 2011, there has been increase in women’s...more
Feb. 22, 2023, 1:20 p.m.
Countries: Bulgaria
Variables: ERBG-DATA-2, ERBG-DATA-6
“Women represent about half the Bulgarian labour force. Women-owned small and medium enterprises have been growing in number and currently make up one-fourth of all registered companies” (1).
Variables: ERBG-DATA-2, ERBG-DATA-6
“Women represent about half the Bulgarian labour force. Women-owned small and medium enterprises have been growing in number and currently make up one-fourth of all registered companies” (1).
Feb. 22, 2023, 12:45 p.m.
Countries: Bulgaria
Variables: ERBG-DATA-2
“The unemployment rate in 2017 was 6.4 percent for men and 6 percent for women. The gender unemployment gap has been narrowing down since the crisis and fell down by 0.8 percentage points between 2016 and 2017” (9).
Variables: ERBG-DATA-2
“The unemployment rate in 2017 was 6.4 percent for men and 6 percent for women. The gender unemployment gap has been narrowing down since the crisis and fell down by 0.8 percentage points between 2016 and 2017” (9).
Feb. 22, 2023, 10:40 a.m.
Countries: Bulgaria
Variables: ERBG-DATA-2
“There are many numbers regarding women in tech, engineering, and startup sector one could quote depending on their hypothesis. We chose one that has representativeness – women accounted for 26.5 % of ICT specialists in Bulgaria in 2017. This is the highest score across the EU” (second paragraph).
Variables: ERBG-DATA-2
“There are many numbers regarding women in tech, engineering, and startup sector one could quote depending on their hypothesis. We chose one that has representativeness – women accounted for 26.5 % of ICT specialists in Bulgaria in 2017. This is the highest score across the EU” (second paragraph).
Feb. 22, 2023, 10:02 a.m.
Countries: Bulgaria
Variables: ERBG-DATA-2
“Bulgaria - Employment rate: Females was 68.50% in December of 2020, according to the EUROSTAT. Trading Economics provides the current actual value, an historical data chart and related indicators for Bulgaria - Employment rate: Females - last updated from the EUROSTAT on January of 2023. Historically, Bulgaria - Employment rate: Females reached a record high of 70.20% in December of 2019 and a record low of 59.40% in December of 2011” (first paragraph).
Variables: ERBG-DATA-2
“Bulgaria - Employment rate: Females was 68.50% in December of 2020, according to the EUROSTAT. Trading Economics provides the current actual value, an historical data chart and related indicators for Bulgaria - Employment rate: Females - last updated from the EUROSTAT on January of 2023. Historically, Bulgaria - Employment rate: Females reached a record high of 70.20% in December of 2019 and a record low of 59.40% in December of 2011” (first paragraph).
Feb. 22, 2023, 9:58 a.m.
Countries: Bulgaria
Variables: ERBG-PRACTICE-3, ERBG-DATA-2
“About 70,000 women become mothers each year in Bulgaria according to various studies and at least 18,000 mothers remain outside the labor market. For many mothers, it is difficult to return to their workplace under previous conditions – working time, distance from home, pay. On the one hand, in a situation of brain drain, labour shortages and needs of qualified staff, companies are trying to retain the experienced workers. On the other hand, there are a number of factors which stop employers of hiring mothers, for example part of the sick leave burden, is taken over by the company” (first paragraph).
Variables: ERBG-PRACTICE-3, ERBG-DATA-2
“About 70,000 women become mothers each year in Bulgaria according to various studies and at least 18,000 mothers remain outside the labor market. For many mothers, it is difficult to return to their workplace under previous conditions – working time, distance from home, pay. On the one hand, in a situation of brain drain, labour shortages and needs of qualified staff, companies are trying to retain the experienced workers. On the other hand, there are a number of factors which stop employers of hiring mothers, for example part of the sick leave burden, is taken over by the company” (first paragraph).
Feb. 22, 2023, 9:21 a.m.
Countries: Cyprus, Czech Republic, Greece, Latvia
Variables: ERBG-DATA-2
“There is also significant variation in the share of women managers in different parts of the EU. In Lithuania, Hungary, Bulgaria, Cyprus and Latvia over 40 per cent of managers are women – more than five per cent above the EU average – whereas in Greece and the Czech Republic, less than 30 per cent of managers are women” (top half of page).
Variables: ERBG-DATA-2
“There is also significant variation in the share of women managers in different parts of the EU. In Lithuania, Hungary, Bulgaria, Cyprus and Latvia over 40 per cent of managers are women – more than five per cent above the EU average – whereas in Greece and the Czech Republic, less than 30 per cent of managers are women” (top half of page).
Feb. 22, 2023, 9:21 a.m.
Countries: Hungary, Lithuania
Variables: ERBG-DATA-2
“The EU country with the highest percentage of women managers is Lithuania, at 45 per cent, followed by Hungary, 43 per cent” (top half of page). “There is also significant variation in the share of women managers in different parts of the EU. In Lithuania, Hungary, Bulgaria, Cyprus and Latvia over 40 per cent of managers are women – more than five per cent above the EU average – whereas in Greece and the Czech Republic, less than 30 per cent of managers are women” (top half of page).
Variables: ERBG-DATA-2
“The EU country with the highest percentage of women managers is Lithuania, at 45 per cent, followed by Hungary, 43 per cent” (top half of page). “There is also significant variation in the share of women managers in different parts of the EU. In Lithuania, Hungary, Bulgaria, Cyprus and Latvia over 40 per cent of managers are women – more than five per cent above the EU average – whereas in Greece and the Czech Republic, less than 30 per cent of managers are women” (top half of page).
Feb. 22, 2023, 9:16 a.m.
Countries: Bulgaria
Variables: ERBG-PRACTICE-2, ERBG-DATA-2
“About 42 per cent of managers in businesses in Bulgaria are women, the third-highest percentage in the European Union and well above the EU average of 36 per cent” (first paragraph). “At the same time, women make up about 49 per cent of those in employment in Bulgaria, according to a policy brief by EU agency Eurofound. “Management is still mostly a man’s game,” a statement on the policy brief said” (first paragraph).
Variables: ERBG-PRACTICE-2, ERBG-DATA-2
“About 42 per cent of managers in businesses in Bulgaria are women, the third-highest percentage in the European Union and well above the EU average of 36 per cent” (first paragraph). “At the same time, women make up about 49 per cent of those in employment in Bulgaria, according to a policy brief by EU agency Eurofound. “Management is still mostly a man’s game,” a statement on the policy brief said” (first paragraph).
Feb. 6, 2023, 12:07 p.m.
Countries: Kyrgyzstan
Variables: ERBG-DATA-2
"The Committee [on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women]...remains concerned about…[t]he low employment rate of women (44%)" (10).
Variables: ERBG-DATA-2
"The Committee [on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women]...remains concerned about…[t]he low employment rate of women (44%)" (10).
Feb. 4, 2023, 6:14 p.m.
Countries: Namibia
Variables: ERBG-DATA-2
Table 9 titled 'Women in Management Positions in the Public Sectors' provides a breakdown of the percentage of women as Deputy Permanent Secretaries/ Deputy Executive Directors (Namibia) /Principal Secretaries / Director Generals standing at 41% and Directors which is at 42%. (27). "Unemployment in Namibia remains a challenge and its females of working age are mostly affected. To address relatively high unemployment rates, Government has enacted laws and developed policies as well as embarked on a number of programmes that are aimed at alleviating joblessness." (33).
Variables: ERBG-DATA-2
Table 9 titled 'Women in Management Positions in the Public Sectors' provides a breakdown of the percentage of women as Deputy Permanent Secretaries/ Deputy Executive Directors (Namibia) /Principal Secretaries / Director Generals standing at 41% and Directors which is at 42%. (27). "Unemployment in Namibia remains a challenge and its females of working age are mostly affected. To address relatively high unemployment rates, Government has enacted laws and developed policies as well as embarked on a number of programmes that are aimed at alleviating joblessness." (33).
Feb. 4, 2023, 8:40 a.m.
Countries: Iraq
Variables: ERBG-DATA-2
"[There is a] high unemployment rate among women" (10).
Variables: ERBG-DATA-2
"[There is a] high unemployment rate among women" (10).
Feb. 2, 2023, 1:11 p.m.
Countries: Austria
Variables: ERBG-DATA-2, ERBG-DATA-4
"Despite the relatively high employment rate among women between 15 and 64 years of age (68.69 per cent), 47.5 per cent of employed women are currently holding part-time positions, predominantly owing to family responsibilities" (10).
Variables: ERBG-DATA-2, ERBG-DATA-4
"Despite the relatively high employment rate among women between 15 and 64 years of age (68.69 per cent), 47.5 per cent of employed women are currently holding part-time positions, predominantly owing to family responsibilities" (10).
Jan. 12, 2023, 10:25 p.m.
Countries: Haiti
Variables: ERBG-DATA-2
"With more than 60% of the population unemployed and nearly 77% living on less than $2 (£1.7) a day, much of the youth turn to gangs as a means of survival." (para 20). "Other women have been forcibly recruited, earning money to collect information or stealing from homes, according to women who have fled gang-controlled areas and others working in such places." (para 24). "'There are effectively no paths beyond this world, and so the only way to make a living is to engage in this insular world that was created,' said Sasha Filippova, senior staff attorney at the Institute for Justice and Democracy in Haiti, which partners with BAI...more
Variables: ERBG-DATA-2
"With more than 60% of the population unemployed and nearly 77% living on less than $2 (£1.7) a day, much of the youth turn to gangs as a means of survival." (para 20). "Other women have been forcibly recruited, earning money to collect information or stealing from homes, according to women who have fled gang-controlled areas and others working in such places." (para 24). "'There are effectively no paths beyond this world, and so the only way to make a living is to engage in this insular world that was created,' said Sasha Filippova, senior staff attorney at the Institute for Justice and Democracy in Haiti, which partners with BAI...more
Jan. 12, 2023, 12:05 p.m.
Countries: Australia
Variables: ERBG-DATA-2
"Just over a third of Australia’s business operators are women (34%), and their numbers are rising." (2).
Variables: ERBG-DATA-2
"Just over a third of Australia’s business operators are women (34%), and their numbers are rising." (2).
Jan. 2, 2023, 2:15 a.m.
Countries: Afghanistan
Variables: ERBG-DATA-2
"Nearly 17% of [women] indicated they were unemployed" (para 7).
Variables: ERBG-DATA-2
"Nearly 17% of [women] indicated they were unemployed" (para 7).
July 6, 2022, 10:35 a.m.
Countries: Djibouti
Variables: ERBG-DATA-2
"According to a household survey conducted by the State party in 2017, among the working population, women’s participation is 32 per cent, while that of men is 59 per cent" (20). "Between 2000 and 2018, the number of persons employed by the State (civil servants and contractors) quadrupled. The proportion of women has increased significantly compared to that of men (4.6 times versus 3.7 times)" (20). "The female-to-male ratio improved between 2000 and 2018, from 0.38 in 2000 to 0.47 in 2018" (21). "Women’s participation in the formal private sector is estimated at 33.6 per cent. They are active mainly in trade and housekeeping" (21). "In 2018, women accounted for...more
Variables: ERBG-DATA-2
"According to a household survey conducted by the State party in 2017, among the working population, women’s participation is 32 per cent, while that of men is 59 per cent" (20). "Between 2000 and 2018, the number of persons employed by the State (civil servants and contractors) quadrupled. The proportion of women has increased significantly compared to that of men (4.6 times versus 3.7 times)" (20). "The female-to-male ratio improved between 2000 and 2018, from 0.38 in 2000 to 0.47 in 2018" (21). "Women’s participation in the formal private sector is estimated at 33.6 per cent. They are active mainly in trade and housekeeping" (21). "In 2018, women accounted for...more
July 1, 2022, 11:43 a.m.
Countries: East Timor
Variables: ERBG-DATA-2
"The trend based on 2010-2013-2016 Labour Force Surveys (LFS) indicates that the working age population rose from 627,000 in 2010 to 696,200 in 2013, up to 724,500 in 2016 (representing around 60 per cent of the population). Of these numbers, labour force participation rose from 30.6 per cent in 2013 to 46.9 per cent in 2016, with a significant reduction in the gender gap (from 21.3 per cent women and 39.7 per cent men in 2013 to 40.6 per cent women and 53 per cent men in 2016). Among the working-age population, the share of subsistence foodstuff producers175 has meaningfully reduced (from 23.5 per cent women and 27.8 per cent...more
Variables: ERBG-DATA-2
"The trend based on 2010-2013-2016 Labour Force Surveys (LFS) indicates that the working age population rose from 627,000 in 2010 to 696,200 in 2013, up to 724,500 in 2016 (representing around 60 per cent of the population). Of these numbers, labour force participation rose from 30.6 per cent in 2013 to 46.9 per cent in 2016, with a significant reduction in the gender gap (from 21.3 per cent women and 39.7 per cent men in 2013 to 40.6 per cent women and 53 per cent men in 2016). Among the working-age population, the share of subsistence foodstuff producers175 has meaningfully reduced (from 23.5 per cent women and 27.8 per cent...more
July 1, 2022, 11:06 a.m.
Countries: Indonesia
Variables: ERBG-DATA-2
"[T]he participation rate of the female workforce in August 2018 was 51.88%, an increase of 0.99% point from 2017" (29).
Variables: ERBG-DATA-2
"[T]he participation rate of the female workforce in August 2018 was 51.88%, an increase of 0.99% point from 2017" (29).
June 28, 2022, 2:56 p.m.
Countries: Bangladesh
Variables: ERBG-DATA-2
"The proportion of women age 15-49 who are currently employed has increased over time, from 13% in 2011 to 33% in 2014 and 48% in 2017-18. Older women are generally more likely to be employed than younger women. Twenty-four percent of women age 15-19 are currently employed, as compared with 58% of women age 40-44. Divorced, separated, or widowed women are more likely to be employed than currently married women (60% versus 47%). The percentage of women who are employed increases as the number of living children increases. Twenty-nine percent of women without any living children are currently employed, compared with 59% of women with five or more living children....more
Variables: ERBG-DATA-2
"The proportion of women age 15-49 who are currently employed has increased over time, from 13% in 2011 to 33% in 2014 and 48% in 2017-18. Older women are generally more likely to be employed than younger women. Twenty-four percent of women age 15-19 are currently employed, as compared with 58% of women age 40-44. Divorced, separated, or widowed women are more likely to be employed than currently married women (60% versus 47%). The percentage of women who are employed increases as the number of living children increases. Twenty-nine percent of women without any living children are currently employed, compared with 59% of women with five or more living children....more
June 21, 2022, 1:11 p.m.
Countries: Guyana
Variables: ERBG-DATA-2, MULV-LAW-1
"The Committee notes the increase in the participation of women in the labour force from 35 per cent in 2012 to 43.6 per cent in 2017 and the ongoing consultations to formalize access to social security benefits for women in the informal sector" (10).
Variables: ERBG-DATA-2, MULV-LAW-1
"The Committee notes the increase in the participation of women in the labour force from 35 per cent in 2012 to 43.6 per cent in 2017 and the ongoing consultations to formalize access to social security benefits for women in the informal sector" (10).
June 21, 2022, 8:35 a.m.
Countries: United Kingdom
Variables: ERBG-DATA-2
"Gender Representation on Public Boards (Scotland) Act, in March 2018" (2). "Women continue to be underrepresented on corporate boards and executive positions and are concentrated in lower paying positions in all occupational sectors and in lower paying occupational sectors such as health, education and retail" (11).
Variables: ERBG-DATA-2
"Gender Representation on Public Boards (Scotland) Act, in March 2018" (2). "Women continue to be underrepresented on corporate boards and executive positions and are concentrated in lower paying positions in all occupational sectors and in lower paying occupational sectors such as health, education and retail" (11).
June 14, 2022, 5:24 p.m.
Countries: Denmark
Variables: ERBG-DATA-2
"In 2016, the workforce (including all employed and unemployed persons) totalled 2.9 mill. persons. Women accounted for 1.38 mill. of these which corresponds to 47.4 percent of the entire workforce. Women’s participation rate is lower than men’s are. The participation rate for women was 73.5 percent in 2016. In comparison, men’s participation rate was 77.6 percent. The gap between women and men’s participation rate has continuously been narrowing from 2008 to 2014, but it increased from 2014 to 2016. The participation rate for immigrant and ethnic minority women from non-western countries is lower than for ethnic Danish women. In 2016, the participation rate for immigrant and ethnic minority women from...more
Variables: ERBG-DATA-2
"In 2016, the workforce (including all employed and unemployed persons) totalled 2.9 mill. persons. Women accounted for 1.38 mill. of these which corresponds to 47.4 percent of the entire workforce. Women’s participation rate is lower than men’s are. The participation rate for women was 73.5 percent in 2016. In comparison, men’s participation rate was 77.6 percent. The gap between women and men’s participation rate has continuously been narrowing from 2008 to 2014, but it increased from 2014 to 2016. The participation rate for immigrant and ethnic minority women from non-western countries is lower than for ethnic Danish women. In 2016, the participation rate for immigrant and ethnic minority women from...more