Latest items for ERBG-PRACTICE-1
May 1, 2025, 5:12 p.m.
Countries: United States
Variables: ERBG-PRACTICE-1
"Mines on Navajo lands in the early 1900s created new jobs largely for men. And then in the 1930s, a program by the U.S. government to kill thousands of livestock on Navajo lands, especially sheep, eliminated jobs and financial stability for the many Navajo women who owned and managed the sheep herds. Over time, their power continued to dwindle. That legacy has a lasting impact" (par. 12). "One of the main issues affecting Native American women in general, she said, is that there are few jobs — and in particular specialized ones — on the reservation" (par. 15). "The concentration of women in lower-paying jobs, such as hospitality and retail,...more
Variables: ERBG-PRACTICE-1
"Mines on Navajo lands in the early 1900s created new jobs largely for men. And then in the 1930s, a program by the U.S. government to kill thousands of livestock on Navajo lands, especially sheep, eliminated jobs and financial stability for the many Navajo women who owned and managed the sheep herds. Over time, their power continued to dwindle. That legacy has a lasting impact" (par. 12). "One of the main issues affecting Native American women in general, she said, is that there are few jobs — and in particular specialized ones — on the reservation" (par. 15). "The concentration of women in lower-paying jobs, such as hospitality and retail,...more
May 1, 2025, 4:55 p.m.
Countries: Ukraine
Variables: ERBG-PRACTICE-1
"Ihor Pechonoha of the Swiss-based BioTexCom says the business model that enabled him to build one of the most profitable surrogacy companies in the world is simple exploitation: 'We are looking for women in the former Soviet republics because, logically, [the women] have to be from poorer places than our clients.' It is no surprise then that BioTexCom’s quest for rentable wombs has led it to the seemingly endless pool of desperate young women in war-torn Ukraine" (par. 1-2). "One Ukrainian BioTexCom surrogate mother carrying a child for an American couple similarly told El Pais that she decided to sell her womb due to financial strain. 'I grew up without...more
Variables: ERBG-PRACTICE-1
"Ihor Pechonoha of the Swiss-based BioTexCom says the business model that enabled him to build one of the most profitable surrogacy companies in the world is simple exploitation: 'We are looking for women in the former Soviet republics because, logically, [the women] have to be from poorer places than our clients.' It is no surprise then that BioTexCom’s quest for rentable wombs has led it to the seemingly endless pool of desperate young women in war-torn Ukraine" (par. 1-2). "One Ukrainian BioTexCom surrogate mother carrying a child for an American couple similarly told El Pais that she decided to sell her womb due to financial strain. 'I grew up without...more
May 1, 2025, 3:28 p.m.
Countries: South Sudan
Variables: ERBG-PRACTICE-1
"'I was the only female doctor amongst the four doctors who were posted at the local clinic [Dr. Idyoro Ojukwu]" (par. 16). "The army officers were astonished that she [Dr. Idyoro Ojukwu] was a doctor, yet she was so young. 'They would always ask, 'What is this little girl telling us?', but with time, I gained their trust and was able to provide HIV treatment,' she [Dr. Idyoro Ojukwu] says" (par. 19).
Variables: ERBG-PRACTICE-1
"'I was the only female doctor amongst the four doctors who were posted at the local clinic [Dr. Idyoro Ojukwu]" (par. 16). "The army officers were astonished that she [Dr. Idyoro Ojukwu] was a doctor, yet she was so young. 'They would always ask, 'What is this little girl telling us?', but with time, I gained their trust and was able to provide HIV treatment,' she [Dr. Idyoro Ojukwu] says" (par. 19).
May 1, 2025, 3:01 p.m.
Countries: Saudi Arabia
Variables: ERBG-PRACTICE-1
"An insightful dissection of the labor market data highlights the increase of Saudi women in historically male-dominated sectors like retail, food and manufacturing. However, a recent analysis of this trend reveals a troubling detail: Numerous women are shoehorned into roles with ambiguous parameters, grueling hours and low pay. Quite frequently, they’re merely stepping into the shoes of unskilled migrant workers in tenuous positions" (par. 5).
Variables: ERBG-PRACTICE-1
"An insightful dissection of the labor market data highlights the increase of Saudi women in historically male-dominated sectors like retail, food and manufacturing. However, a recent analysis of this trend reveals a troubling detail: Numerous women are shoehorned into roles with ambiguous parameters, grueling hours and low pay. Quite frequently, they’re merely stepping into the shoes of unskilled migrant workers in tenuous positions" (par. 5).
April 29, 2025, 4:20 p.m.
Countries: Rwanda
Variables: ERBG-PRACTICE-1
"In addition to whatever social stigma they face, Sengoga says because many come from poor families, they struggle to survive financially. Many survive by doing farm work or domestic tasks like washing clothes. 'It is really hard doing casual labor, sometimes getting paid less than $1 or $2 per day per week," Sengoga says. "And survival becomes very complicated.' Some of the women said they had learned skills like reading, writing, or basket weaving during their time in prison, but still struggle when faced with the realities of life outside" (par. 54-57). "Now in her mid-20s with a young child, Epiphanie was pardoned in 2019 from what she says would...more
Variables: ERBG-PRACTICE-1
"In addition to whatever social stigma they face, Sengoga says because many come from poor families, they struggle to survive financially. Many survive by doing farm work or domestic tasks like washing clothes. 'It is really hard doing casual labor, sometimes getting paid less than $1 or $2 per day per week," Sengoga says. "And survival becomes very complicated.' Some of the women said they had learned skills like reading, writing, or basket weaving during their time in prison, but still struggle when faced with the realities of life outside" (par. 54-57). "Now in her mid-20s with a young child, Epiphanie was pardoned in 2019 from what she says would...more
April 28, 2025, 3:25 p.m.
Countries: India
Variables: ERBG-PRACTICE-1
"'It's massive. Growing up, we had only male cricket stars and cricket idols,' she said. 'These women coming every single day on our TV screens are going to be such big inspirations, especially in a country that loves cricket so much.'" (par. 33-34).
Variables: ERBG-PRACTICE-1
"'It's massive. Growing up, we had only male cricket stars and cricket idols,' she said. 'These women coming every single day on our TV screens are going to be such big inspirations, especially in a country that loves cricket so much.'" (par. 33-34).
April 15, 2025, 7:13 p.m.
Countries: China
Variables: ERBG-PRACTICE-1
"Progress… Increasing discussion on ending age difference of retirement between women and men" (12). "Pension gaps may discriminate against women indirectly. Pension hierarchy system creates about three times income difference among pensioners hold the same professional qualifications. Retirees from 'society' get least pension, and retirees from '(state own) company' is less than retirees from governmental and public work units" (13).
Variables: ERBG-PRACTICE-1
"Progress… Increasing discussion on ending age difference of retirement between women and men" (12). "Pension gaps may discriminate against women indirectly. Pension hierarchy system creates about three times income difference among pensioners hold the same professional qualifications. Retirees from 'society' get least pension, and retirees from '(state own) company' is less than retirees from governmental and public work units" (13).
April 11, 2025, 3:49 p.m.
Countries: Indonesia
Variables: ERBG-PRACTICE-1
"Based on ILO Jakarta’s survey in 2015, there are 4,2 million Domestic Workers (DWs) in Indonesia. They are still not recognized as worker and excluded by Indonesian Labor Law, have no rights protection, makes them work and live-in indecent situation" (9). "Sexual violence in many plantations (palm oil, rubber, etc) often reported" (10). "Women workers in palm oil (which are 30% of the total labor in this sector) are experiencing violations, including occupational health and safety, suffered vaginal discharge desease and other discriminatory practices. Female workers, including those who are pregnant, usually do the spraying and fertilization job, using pesticides. Companies rarely provide adequate masks, boots, and gloves to protect...more
Variables: ERBG-PRACTICE-1
"Based on ILO Jakarta’s survey in 2015, there are 4,2 million Domestic Workers (DWs) in Indonesia. They are still not recognized as worker and excluded by Indonesian Labor Law, have no rights protection, makes them work and live-in indecent situation" (9). "Sexual violence in many plantations (palm oil, rubber, etc) often reported" (10). "Women workers in palm oil (which are 30% of the total labor in this sector) are experiencing violations, including occupational health and safety, suffered vaginal discharge desease and other discriminatory practices. Female workers, including those who are pregnant, usually do the spraying and fertilization job, using pesticides. Companies rarely provide adequate masks, boots, and gloves to protect...more
April 10, 2025, 7:06 p.m.
Countries: Venezuela
Variables: ERBG-PRACTICE-1
"[I]t notes with concern… Reported sexual harassment and other forms of gender-based violence against women in the workplace" (10).
Variables: ERBG-PRACTICE-1
"[I]t notes with concern… Reported sexual harassment and other forms of gender-based violence against women in the workplace" (10).
April 9, 2025, 10:24 p.m.
Countries: Maldives
Variables: ERBG-PRACTICE-1
"While registration of the employees in the Maldives retirement Pension scheme for people working in the formal sector is mandatory on the employer, the registration and participation for the informal sector is optional. Furthermore, the process of registration in the retirement scheme for the informal sector is currently not user friendly or accessible. There is also a limited amount of awareness work done on the importance of saving and taking part in the retirement pension scheme. Furthermore, the current old aged pension scheme directly contradicts the efforts made to increase participation in the retirement pension scheme. The current mindset of the general population is that they will automatically receive financial...more
Variables: ERBG-PRACTICE-1
"While registration of the employees in the Maldives retirement Pension scheme for people working in the formal sector is mandatory on the employer, the registration and participation for the informal sector is optional. Furthermore, the process of registration in the retirement scheme for the informal sector is currently not user friendly or accessible. There is also a limited amount of awareness work done on the importance of saving and taking part in the retirement pension scheme. Furthermore, the current old aged pension scheme directly contradicts the efforts made to increase participation in the retirement pension scheme. The current mindset of the general population is that they will automatically receive financial...more
April 9, 2025, 8:09 p.m.
Countries: North Korea
Variables: ERBG-PRACTICE-1
"North Korea is a deeply patriarchal society, and women have traditionally been defined by two words: mother and wife. But when famine hit the country in the 1990s and the public food distribution system disintegrated, it was left to women to try to earn money to feed their families. And the state, obsessed with controlling the lives of men, mainly ignored what women were doing. Many began working in markets, some of which were legal, some illegal, selling what they could to supplement the meagre wages of their husbands’ factory jobs. With this shift, it became a whole new lexicon that was derogatory around men, because the economic power had...more
Variables: ERBG-PRACTICE-1
"North Korea is a deeply patriarchal society, and women have traditionally been defined by two words: mother and wife. But when famine hit the country in the 1990s and the public food distribution system disintegrated, it was left to women to try to earn money to feed their families. And the state, obsessed with controlling the lives of men, mainly ignored what women were doing. Many began working in markets, some of which were legal, some illegal, selling what they could to supplement the meagre wages of their husbands’ factory jobs. With this shift, it became a whole new lexicon that was derogatory around men, because the economic power had...more
April 3, 2025, 9:02 p.m.
Countries: Bosnia-Herzegovina
Variables: ERBG-PRACTICE-1
"In an on-line poll nearly a half of women (50,9%) who did not report sexual harassment experience at work place thought they should have taken care of it by themselves; 26,4% were afraid to lose a job, and 24,5% said they were ashamed/embarrassed to report discrimination. Only 10,5% of them told they reported an experience of discrimination to their manager" (10). "Courts are faced with the lack of practice and knowledge of how to estimate the process of proof, i.e. a burden of proof to switch to respondent as the law prescribes. Court proceedings last long and are expensive, and during that time, women continue to endure discrimination, are exposed...more
Variables: ERBG-PRACTICE-1
"In an on-line poll nearly a half of women (50,9%) who did not report sexual harassment experience at work place thought they should have taken care of it by themselves; 26,4% were afraid to lose a job, and 24,5% said they were ashamed/embarrassed to report discrimination. Only 10,5% of them told they reported an experience of discrimination to their manager" (10). "Courts are faced with the lack of practice and knowledge of how to estimate the process of proof, i.e. a burden of proof to switch to respondent as the law prescribes. Court proceedings last long and are expensive, and during that time, women continue to endure discrimination, are exposed...more
April 2, 2025, 5:23 p.m.
Countries: Dominican Republic
Variables: ERBG-PRACTICE-1
"The feminization of migration, the absence of a national care policy, the growing participation of women in the workforce and the ageing of society are some of the reasons for the increased demand for domestic services both at home and abroad. In the Dominican Republic, there are approximately 266,000 domestic workers, 96% of whom are women and more than half of whom are heads of household or single mothers, the vast majority of whom live in conditions of poverty and extreme poverty. Although the constitution establishes that domestic work is an economic activity that creates added value, produces wealth and social well-being (Art. 55, section 11), in practice, it has...more
Variables: ERBG-PRACTICE-1
"The feminization of migration, the absence of a national care policy, the growing participation of women in the workforce and the ageing of society are some of the reasons for the increased demand for domestic services both at home and abroad. In the Dominican Republic, there are approximately 266,000 domestic workers, 96% of whom are women and more than half of whom are heads of household or single mothers, the vast majority of whom live in conditions of poverty and extreme poverty. Although the constitution establishes that domestic work is an economic activity that creates added value, produces wealth and social well-being (Art. 55, section 11), in practice, it has...more
March 28, 2025, 5:46 p.m.
Countries: North Korea
Variables: ERBG-PRACTICE-1
"Indeed, the survey provides further evidence that North Korean women are often directed toward careers deemed more suitable by the state, such as teaching or healthcare, rather than fields such as science or technology" (para 11).
Variables: ERBG-PRACTICE-1
"Indeed, the survey provides further evidence that North Korean women are often directed toward careers deemed more suitable by the state, such as teaching or healthcare, rather than fields such as science or technology" (para 11).
March 28, 2025, 5:29 p.m.
Countries: Nigeria
Variables: ERBG-PRACTICE-1
"She also said she had received supportive emails from women across Nigeria, including some who were afraid to speak up about their own experiences. 'In Nigeria, most women who are sexually harassed in workplaces don’t even tell their husbands because they are afraid of being judged,' she said" (para 23).
Variables: ERBG-PRACTICE-1
"She also said she had received supportive emails from women across Nigeria, including some who were afraid to speak up about their own experiences. 'In Nigeria, most women who are sexually harassed in workplaces don’t even tell their husbands because they are afraid of being judged,' she said" (para 23).
March 28, 2025, 2:33 p.m.
Countries: Saudi Arabia
Variables: ERBG-PRACTICE-1, IIP-LAW-1
"Saudi Arabia lifted its longstanding driving ban on women in 2019, which should increase their mobility and potentially their job prospects too" (para 15).
Variables: ERBG-PRACTICE-1, IIP-LAW-1
"Saudi Arabia lifted its longstanding driving ban on women in 2019, which should increase their mobility and potentially their job prospects too" (para 15).
March 28, 2025, 2:19 p.m.
Countries: Peru
Variables: ERBG-PRACTICE-1
"The Committee notes the introduction of… Supreme Decree No. 017-2021-TR, regulating Act No. 31153, a quota for the preferential inclusion of victims of domestic violence in programmes for the promotion or generation of employment, or in vocational training programmes" (7). "[W]omen with disabilities... have limited access to employment opportunities" (13). "It notes with concern… The limited effectiveness of the free hotline to respond to cases of sexual harassment at work" (13).
Variables: ERBG-PRACTICE-1
"The Committee notes the introduction of… Supreme Decree No. 017-2021-TR, regulating Act No. 31153, a quota for the preferential inclusion of victims of domestic violence in programmes for the promotion or generation of employment, or in vocational training programmes" (7). "[W]omen with disabilities... have limited access to employment opportunities" (13). "It notes with concern… The limited effectiveness of the free hotline to respond to cases of sexual harassment at work" (13).
March 27, 2025, 7:22 p.m.
Countries: Cambodia
Variables: ERBG-PRACTICE-1
"New research conducted in 2019 by 8 unions who belong to the Women Union Network show how pervasive the misuse of fixed duration (short-term) contracts is. A total of 192 interviews were conducted of 46 men and 146 women who had filed complaints with their respective unions. 32 of the complaints were discrimination against pregnant women or breastfeeding mothers, and the rest show a restriction of women’s right to join unions or misuse of fixed duration contracts. The termination of fixed duration contracts was used as a vehicle to retaliate against union members or end the employment of new mothers since no reason is required for non-renewal and the burden...more
Variables: ERBG-PRACTICE-1
"New research conducted in 2019 by 8 unions who belong to the Women Union Network show how pervasive the misuse of fixed duration (short-term) contracts is. A total of 192 interviews were conducted of 46 men and 146 women who had filed complaints with their respective unions. 32 of the complaints were discrimination against pregnant women or breastfeeding mothers, and the rest show a restriction of women’s right to join unions or misuse of fixed duration contracts. The termination of fixed duration contracts was used as a vehicle to retaliate against union members or end the employment of new mothers since no reason is required for non-renewal and the burden...more
March 21, 2025, 4:44 p.m.
Countries: Central African Rep
Variables: ERBG-PRACTICE-1
"Allegations of rape by Russian mercenaries, who have a large presence in CAR’s restive north-west region, have escalated in recent months. Women and girls are avoiding going to the fields and markets, and food shortages are being reported as a result" (para 5). "About 75% of CAR’s population, particularly women, work in agriculture, according to the World Bank. The International Fund for Agricultural Development, a UN agency, says the sector employs about 80% of rural people and generates half of the country’s GDP. In Bouar, the country’s fifth-largest town with a population of about 40,000, the growing attacks in the farmlands are having an impact on food production as women...more
Variables: ERBG-PRACTICE-1
"Allegations of rape by Russian mercenaries, who have a large presence in CAR’s restive north-west region, have escalated in recent months. Women and girls are avoiding going to the fields and markets, and food shortages are being reported as a result" (para 5). "About 75% of CAR’s population, particularly women, work in agriculture, according to the World Bank. The International Fund for Agricultural Development, a UN agency, says the sector employs about 80% of rural people and generates half of the country’s GDP. In Bouar, the country’s fifth-largest town with a population of about 40,000, the growing attacks in the farmlands are having an impact on food production as women...more
March 20, 2025, 1:55 p.m.
Countries: Mauritania
Variables: ERBG-PRACTICE-1
"While the available laws obviously prohibit women from seeking jobs in several sectors, women’s participation in the formal labour market remains low due to unequal pay, sexual harassment as well as pay gap. In addition, women and young girls are vulnerable to sexual harassment" (6). "Furthermore, discrimination in employment is also deeply rooted in social status and ethnicity. Women and girls of Haratine descent are subjected to slavery and forced labour where there are exposed to violence and mistreatment" (6).
Variables: ERBG-PRACTICE-1
"While the available laws obviously prohibit women from seeking jobs in several sectors, women’s participation in the formal labour market remains low due to unequal pay, sexual harassment as well as pay gap. In addition, women and young girls are vulnerable to sexual harassment" (6). "Furthermore, discrimination in employment is also deeply rooted in social status and ethnicity. Women and girls of Haratine descent are subjected to slavery and forced labour where there are exposed to violence and mistreatment" (6).
March 19, 2025, 10:26 p.m.
Countries: Canada
Variables: ERBG-PRACTICE-1
"Women were more likely than men to have been sexually assaulted or have experienced unwanted sexual behaviour in public, unwanted behaviour online, or unwanted behaviour in the workplace in the 12 months preceding the survey, and this was the case even when controlling for other factors" (para 36).
Variables: ERBG-PRACTICE-1
"Women were more likely than men to have been sexually assaulted or have experienced unwanted sexual behaviour in public, unwanted behaviour online, or unwanted behaviour in the workplace in the 12 months preceding the survey, and this was the case even when controlling for other factors" (para 36).
March 19, 2025, 10:12 p.m.
Countries: Iraq
Variables: ERBG-PRACTICE-1
"[F]emale-headed households face additional challenges following the death of the provider (a likely scenario for ISF or PMU employees), as they do not receive the salary of the deceased husband" (5). "By February 2015, approximately 33 per cent of displaced widows had not received any humanitarian assistance and 76 per cent did not receive a pension" (5-6). "[D]isabled women and girls are not entitled to social security payments if they are married or if their father is alive" (8).
Variables: ERBG-PRACTICE-1
"[F]emale-headed households face additional challenges following the death of the provider (a likely scenario for ISF or PMU employees), as they do not receive the salary of the deceased husband" (5). "By February 2015, approximately 33 per cent of displaced widows had not received any humanitarian assistance and 76 per cent did not receive a pension" (5-6). "[D]isabled women and girls are not entitled to social security payments if they are married or if their father is alive" (8).
March 17, 2025, 1:01 p.m.
Countries: United States
Variables: ERBG-PRACTICE-1
"Officer Widen took a job in West Virginia after resigning from a women's prison in neighboring Ohio. According to an internal investigation submitted as part of civil court filings, he had delivered a ring from an inmate to a former prisoner. He told the AP there was no sexual contact and that he quit after upsetting prison officials by launching his own investigation into heroin smuggling at the facility, transporting the ring in exchange for information from the inmate. Youst said she had no concerns about Widen when she first arrived at the Huntington Work Release Center. In fact, she said he was a favorite among many of the men...more
Variables: ERBG-PRACTICE-1
"Officer Widen took a job in West Virginia after resigning from a women's prison in neighboring Ohio. According to an internal investigation submitted as part of civil court filings, he had delivered a ring from an inmate to a former prisoner. He told the AP there was no sexual contact and that he quit after upsetting prison officials by launching his own investigation into heroin smuggling at the facility, transporting the ring in exchange for information from the inmate. Youst said she had no concerns about Widen when she first arrived at the Huntington Work Release Center. In fact, she said he was a favorite among many of the men...more
March 15, 2025, 11:45 a.m.
Countries: Lebanon
Variables: ERBG-PRACTICE-1
"[There is a] persistent gender pay gap in the State party, vertical and horizontal segregation in the labour market and the lack of childcare facilities to enable women and men to reconcile family and professional life" (11). "Women have only limited access to loans and other forms of financial credit, as well as to property and inheritance rights" (12). "The Committee notes as positive the Lebanon National Agricultural Strategy (2020–2025), which aims to ensure gender equality in the field of sustainable agricultural production and rural development, as well as training for rural women on cooperative issues, business management and various other related subjects" (14).
Variables: ERBG-PRACTICE-1
"[There is a] persistent gender pay gap in the State party, vertical and horizontal segregation in the labour market and the lack of childcare facilities to enable women and men to reconcile family and professional life" (11). "Women have only limited access to loans and other forms of financial credit, as well as to property and inheritance rights" (12). "The Committee notes as positive the Lebanon National Agricultural Strategy (2020–2025), which aims to ensure gender equality in the field of sustainable agricultural production and rural development, as well as training for rural women on cooperative issues, business management and various other related subjects" (14).
March 14, 2025, 7:59 p.m.
Countries: Indonesia
Variables: ERBG-PRACTICE-1
"Both BNN [National Narcotics Board] and the Ministry of Women and Child Protection affirm that the gender gap in rehabilitation services is also reflected by the gender r of counselors in rehabilitation facilities. According to data from the BNN in 2012, out of 286 counselors, 93% were men" (10). "The requirements for drug testing and the sanctions imposed on WUD [women who use drugs] are both clear forms of discrimination. WUD will find it difficult to find work and enjoy a decent life. Moreover, according to data from BNN, there are 1.51 million workers who are classified as 'drug abusers', where the ratio of male to female prevalence is 2.1%:...more
Variables: ERBG-PRACTICE-1
"Both BNN [National Narcotics Board] and the Ministry of Women and Child Protection affirm that the gender gap in rehabilitation services is also reflected by the gender r of counselors in rehabilitation facilities. According to data from the BNN in 2012, out of 286 counselors, 93% were men" (10). "The requirements for drug testing and the sanctions imposed on WUD [women who use drugs] are both clear forms of discrimination. WUD will find it difficult to find work and enjoy a decent life. Moreover, according to data from BNN, there are 1.51 million workers who are classified as 'drug abusers', where the ratio of male to female prevalence is 2.1%:...more
March 14, 2025, 4:48 p.m.
Countries: Venezuela
Variables: ERBG-PRACTICE-1
"The Chamba Juvenil Mission was an attempt to improve access to jobs in the formal sector and reduce unemployment. A total of 1,040,320 women participated, representing 57 per cent of all beneficiaries. In 2020, according to the National Register of Trade Unions, a total of 2,566,192 people including 1,223,166 women (48 per cent) were members of trade unions. In 2018, the Act on Workers’ Councils was adopted, with the goal of giving the working class a say in the management of productive activity. For 2020, 2,236 Workers’ Councils were created. Female workers have 32.46 per cent of the votes in these participatory bodies. Between January 2014 and September 2020, the...more
Variables: ERBG-PRACTICE-1
"The Chamba Juvenil Mission was an attempt to improve access to jobs in the formal sector and reduce unemployment. A total of 1,040,320 women participated, representing 57 per cent of all beneficiaries. In 2020, according to the National Register of Trade Unions, a total of 2,566,192 people including 1,223,166 women (48 per cent) were members of trade unions. In 2018, the Act on Workers’ Councils was adopted, with the goal of giving the working class a say in the management of productive activity. For 2020, 2,236 Workers’ Councils were created. Female workers have 32.46 per cent of the votes in these participatory bodies. Between January 2014 and September 2020, the...more
March 13, 2025, 3:54 p.m.
Countries: Bahrain
Variables: ERBG-PRACTICE-1
"With respect to the designation of specific locations as - as described in paragraph 1999 of the state party’s report - appropriate judicial environment for Bahraini families, SALAM DHR [Salam for Democracy and Human Rights] amd RRC [Rights Realization Centre] are concerned about the concept of women's dependency and obedience to men by imposing a 'house of obedience' (Beit Al-Ta’a) on women who refrain from staying in their husband's chosen home or leaving to work if the husband does not agree to their work. The authors are concerned that if the wife refrains from 'obeying' and recognizing the marital residence without legal justification, the husband may ask the judiciary to...more
Variables: ERBG-PRACTICE-1
"With respect to the designation of specific locations as - as described in paragraph 1999 of the state party’s report - appropriate judicial environment for Bahraini families, SALAM DHR [Salam for Democracy and Human Rights] amd RRC [Rights Realization Centre] are concerned about the concept of women's dependency and obedience to men by imposing a 'house of obedience' (Beit Al-Ta’a) on women who refrain from staying in their husband's chosen home or leaving to work if the husband does not agree to their work. The authors are concerned that if the wife refrains from 'obeying' and recognizing the marital residence without legal justification, the husband may ask the judiciary to...more
March 11, 2025, 4:41 p.m.
Countries: India
Variables: ERBG-PRACTICE-1
"The policy aims to encourage more women to work. Women’s participation in the workforce is low in India. The latest World Bank data says women represent 23% of India’s workforce, as compared with 32% in Bangladesh and 34.5% in Sri Lanka. The hope is that, with free transport, more women can look for jobs and look further away from home while also enjoying the savings. Many women are deterred from working because of the chunk taken out of their modest wages by bus fares" (par. 5-6). "This is not the first such scheme in India. The government of New Delhi started free bus travel for women in 2019 but it...more
Variables: ERBG-PRACTICE-1
"The policy aims to encourage more women to work. Women’s participation in the workforce is low in India. The latest World Bank data says women represent 23% of India’s workforce, as compared with 32% in Bangladesh and 34.5% in Sri Lanka. The hope is that, with free transport, more women can look for jobs and look further away from home while also enjoying the savings. Many women are deterred from working because of the chunk taken out of their modest wages by bus fares" (par. 5-6). "This is not the first such scheme in India. The government of New Delhi started free bus travel for women in 2019 but it...more
March 5, 2025, 8:35 p.m.
Countries: Ecuador
Variables: ERBG-PRACTICE-1
"As of December 2019, 234,868 unpaid household workers were affiliated with the social security system of the Ecuadorian Social Security Institute, which represents an average annual growth rate of 30.5 per cent since 2015. Furthermore, as of December 2019, 786,466 women in the private sector were affiliated, reflecting average annual growth of -0.1 per cent, while the growth rate among affiliated women in the public sector was 1.6 per cent, or 333,167 women" (28).
Variables: ERBG-PRACTICE-1
"As of December 2019, 234,868 unpaid household workers were affiliated with the social security system of the Ecuadorian Social Security Institute, which represents an average annual growth rate of 30.5 per cent since 2015. Furthermore, as of December 2019, 786,466 women in the private sector were affiliated, reflecting average annual growth of -0.1 per cent, while the growth rate among affiliated women in the public sector was 1.6 per cent, or 333,167 women" (28).
March 4, 2025, 6:02 p.m.
Countries: Japan
Variables: ERBG-PRACTICE-1
“Japan’s long campaign to appoint more women to senior roles in business and industry has suffered a blow after a survey found that just 13 chief executive officers at the country’s top companies are female. Women lead just 0.8% of the 1,643 firms listed on the Tokyo Stock Exchange’s top-tier prime market, according to a survey by the Kyodo news agency, which based its findings on fiscal 2023 financial statements. Kyodo said the figures demonstrated Japan’s slow progress in “increasing diversity among its corporate decision makers”. The low numbers underline the uphill struggle Japan’s government faces in reaching its target of having women in at least 30% of executive roles...more
Variables: ERBG-PRACTICE-1
“Japan’s long campaign to appoint more women to senior roles in business and industry has suffered a blow after a survey found that just 13 chief executive officers at the country’s top companies are female. Women lead just 0.8% of the 1,643 firms listed on the Tokyo Stock Exchange’s top-tier prime market, according to a survey by the Kyodo news agency, which based its findings on fiscal 2023 financial statements. Kyodo said the figures demonstrated Japan’s slow progress in “increasing diversity among its corporate decision makers”. The low numbers underline the uphill struggle Japan’s government faces in reaching its target of having women in at least 30% of executive roles...more