Countries: Belarus
Variables: EWCMS-DATA-2

For the required timeframe, 2020 to present, no documented evidence was found of rape or sexual assault between servicemembers within the Belarusian Armed Forces. No rates, estimates, personal testimonies, or institutional reports addressing intra-military sexual violence were located. The potential for this variable is structurally limited: women are formally excluded from combat roles and the Military Academy, meaning mixed-gender intra-military contact is negligible. The post-Soviet hazing tradition of *dedovshchina* — documented to include sexual humiliation and assault in Russian and other post-Soviet forces — is the most plausible vector for intra-military sexual violence in Belarus, but no Belarus-specific incidents have been publicly documented in this period. This variable is best...more

Countries: Barbados
Variables: EWCMS-DATA-2

For the required timeframe, 2020 to present, no data was found on how common rape/assault within the Barbados Defence Force (BDF) is between soldiers, including no rates of reports or estimates of unreported assault. Given the BDF's small size of approximately 600 personnel, complete institutional opacity, and Barbados's documented national pattern of rape underreporting and government non-disclosure of prosecution data, this variable should be coded as having little to no documented potential (MR-CODER COMMENT).

Countries: Bangladesh
Variables: EWCMS-DATA-2

"Personnel have had few negative experiences in the Armed Forces: Ninety-nine % of the personnel surveyed said they never received unwanted text messages...Ninety-nine % of the personnel surveyed said they have never heard of or been called a derogatory name in the Armed Forces. Ninety-nine % of the personnel surveyed said they never heard of or experienced unwanted pictures published on the internet by colleagues in the Armed Forces. Ninety-nine % of all of the personnel surveyed said that talking about sex among colleagues is not a norm. Only 1% of all the personnel surveyed said that going to brothels outside of work is a norm among members of the...more

Countries: United Kingdom
Variables: EWCMS-DATA-2

" it was my exposure of Sophie Brook's story in the Mail – telling of the misogyny and bullying she suffered serving on submarines – that triggered a two-year investigation and forced the Navy to admit abuse was endemic within the service" (Para 7). "I held secret meetings in hotel suites and hushed phone calls with sources who were terrified but desperate to speak" (Para 29). We can assume most assaults go unreported (JS-CODER COMMENT). "The problems were systemic – entrenched in the culture and often fiercely protected from scrutiny. The Navy seemed to go to extraordinary lengths to throw me off naming the senior officers implicated" (Para 31). "The...more

Countries: Angola
Variables: EWCMS-DATA-2

Data on the prevalence of military-on-military sexual assault/rape in Angola is scarce to nonexistent. The Angolan government and military do not publish disaggregated crime statistics for military personnel, restricting access to prevalence data (NAC - CODER COMMENT).

Countries: Albania
Variables: EWCMS-DATA-2

Data on the incidence of sexual assault within the Albanian military is scarce to nonexistent. It does not appear that the Albanian Ministry of Defense publishes statistics relating to military sexual assault at this time. (NAC - CODER COMMENT).

Countries: Afghanistan
Variables: EWCMS-DATA-2

Data on the incidence of military sexual assault in Afghanistan is scarce to nonexistent. After the Taliban returned to power in 2021, women were removed from the Afghan military, police, and security services. Approximately 4,000 women served in the Afghan military before the Taliban's return. Women who formerly served in the military have been targeted by the Taliban due to fear of arrest. For more information regarding the treatment of former female Afghan soldiers, reference "Hungry, hunted, terrified: unending plight of the Afghan women who served in military and police" (Authored by Zahra Joya, published in The Guardian on 14 August 2023).

Countries: United Kingdom
Variables: EWCMS-DATA-2

"It comes one month after the Royal Military Academy Sandhurst was encouraged to tackle the 'toxic culture' of sexual assault after hundreds of servicewomen reported abuse during their training. A further 16 women have since come forward to reveal they were sexually assaulted while serving at Sandhurst" (para 4-5). "One female soldier, who remains anonymous, was raped by a colleague early in her career" (para 12). "Mr Al-Nahhas said he has spoken to many women who told him they were raped, sexually assaulted or harassed by colleagues or their chain of command" (para 25). "In August last year, it was reported that dozens of teenagers who had served in the...more

Countries: United Kingdom
Variables: EWCMS-DATA-2

"Some 333 Sexual Offences Act investigations were launched by the service police in 2022, up 108 from the previous year, an almost 50% increase. There were also nine investigations into non-recent cases. In 2022 the Service Prosecuting Authority received 232 case referrals from the police. Some 119 defendants were tried before the Court Martial for sexual offences or indecent images of children offences during 2022, of whom 45 (38%) were convicted" (par. 2-5).

Countries: United Kingdom
Variables: EWCMS-DATA-2

"In October 2022, the Navy was forced to launch a probe into allegations of rape threats and sexual assault on Britain's nuclear submarines, while two Red Arrows pilots were sacked after evidence of a 'toxic culture' emerged that same year. In December, young female members of the scandal-hit Red Arrows spoke out and revealed how they were warned by male colleagues they could become a 'notch on a crew member's bedpost' of some of their more predatory comrades. Colonel Philip Ingram, a former officer in British military intelligence, said scandals like these were putting women off joining, with targets for the RAC and infantry remaining 'totally unachievable' while the sexual...more

Countries: Japan
Variables: EWCMS-DATA-2

"Both were shattered by sexual harassment which she experienced 'on a daily basis' when she joined her unit after training. 'My breasts were rubbed. I was kissed on the cheek, groped, or grabbed from behind in the hallway - colleagues or superiors would rub themselves against me with people watching,' she said. 'Often, I was told things like, 'Give me a blow job'.' Colleagues made remarks about her body, she says: about her breasts being big or small or that her body was large. August 2021 was a dark turning point. During a training exercise in the mountains, three of Ms Gonio's male colleagues called her into a tent, where...more

Countries: United Kingdom
Variables: EWCMS-DATA-2

"Over two decades, 177 women have sought help after suffering abuse at officer training site Sandhurst, it said...Paula Edwards [of Salute Her UK] said that of 3,170 women on its database, over half were raped while in the Armed Forces" (4).

Countries: United Kingdom
Variables: EWCMS-DATA-2

"A couple of hundred female members of the UK armed forces have been “misdiagnosed” with various personality disorders after they reported their sexual assaults at the hands of their colleagues to the department" (par. 1). "Notably, out of 393 referrals Salute UK received for assistance, 133 women under the age of 27 were misdiagnosed with personality disorders" (par. 8).

Countries: Canada
Variables: EWCMS-DATA-2

"Some members of the Canadian military face greater harm from their comrades than from the enemy, according to a new report on sexual violence in the Canadian armed forces (CAF)" (Para.1). "Called the Arbour report after its author, the former supreme court justice Louise Arbour, the 404-page document pinpoints the many failures of the CAF over the years to address misogyny, discrimination, sexual violence and trauma experienced predominantly by female members of the military" (Para. 2). "The Arbour report is the third large study commissioned to examine the sexual violence that has dogged the Canadian military for decades, including allegations of misconduct levelled against a string of senior officers" (Para....more

Countries: Italy
Variables: EWCMS-DATA-2

"...it has been registered the rise of both the women’s occupation share and their participation’s rate in the labour market. From ISTAT data, it emerges that more than over 60% of the overall increase in the occupation sector refers to women (2.7 million in 10 years), mostly employed under parttime job contracts...In the decade 1996–2006, the women part-time workers rose over 71% (while men rate reached 9%), contributing to increase the overall rate of employed women from 20% to 26.5%." (69).