The most comprehensive compilation of information on the status of
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Latest items for EWCMS-PRACTICE-3

Feb. 4, 2026, 9:04 a.m.
Countries: Argentina
Variables: EWCMS-PRACTICE-3

"The UFEM (Specialized Unit for Violence Against Women) intervened in 52% of the cases, and its actions contributed to six of them being brought to trial, three of which have already resulted in a sentence. The cases analyzed exhibit lengthy processing times relative to the complexity of the investigations. The average time to the first instance ruling was 5.3 years" (4). The presence of the Argentine Specialized Unit for Violence Against Women appears to indicate a desire from the Argentine government to discourage rape/assault and to encourage victims to report. However, this quote also acknowledges the structural difficulties (such as processing times) that present barriers to reporting (NAC - CODER...more
Feb. 4, 2026, 8:55 a.m.
Countries: Argentina
Variables: EWCMS-PRACTICE-3

"A report prepared by the Specialized Prosecutor's Unit for Violence against Women (UFEM) on sexual violence within the Federal Security Forces and the Armed Forces against women members of these institutions reveals that 96% of the aggressors held positions of authority and/or higher than that of the victims, that on average they were 16 years older than the victims, and that 88% of the complainants had work-related consequences after the incident, such as temporary leaves, relocations, and even dismissals" (1). This quote indicates the presence of certain factors which encourage rape/assault, such as the presence of strict rank hierarchies which are used to facilitate/legitimize assault (NAC - CODER COMMENT).more
Feb. 4, 2026, 8:38 a.m.
Countries: Argentina
Variables: EWCMS-PRACTICE-3

"Situations were identified in which institutions did not offer support and even exposed victims, aggravating their vulnerability and generating new forms of violence in the workplace. Of the 24 victims surveyed, 21 experienced some type of change in their working conditions after the incident, either following an internal complaint or criminal charges. Regarding the type of changes, 62% were temporarily suspended (from their job duties), 48% were relocated to another area or office, and 19% were dismissed, terminated, or forced to resign" (16). This data includes cases from the Argentine armed forces, gendarmerie, and federal security. Disaggregated data specifically tracking adverse actions taken against members of the armed forces was...more
Feb. 4, 2026, 8:31 a.m.
Countries: Argentina
Variables: EWCMS-PRACTICE-3

"Situations of sexual violence in these cases often occur under threats of warnings, sanctions, arrests, defamation, transfers, reassignment to lower-level positions, among others, generating job uncertainty, discomfort, fear, and even harmful consequences for the health of people who experience these types of episodes" (1).
Feb. 4, 2026, 8:20 a.m.
Countries: Argentina
Variables: EWCMS-PRACTICE-3

"The document (a report from the Argentine Specialized Prosecutor's Unit for Violence against Women (UFEM)) which PERFIL (an Argentine news outlet) obtained, indicates that the aggressors “ attempted to normalize harassment as common practice within the institution.” It also states that “threats were made against the victims , taking advantage of positions of power.” “The armed forces and federal security forces, historically structured as masculinized spaces , have recently undergone normative and organizational transformations aimed at incorporating a gender perspective and the entry of women into their functional structures,” states the UFEM report. However, it warns that within the forces “gender violence and in particular sexual violence (...) operates as...more
Feb. 3, 2026, 3:12 p.m.
Countries: Angola
Variables: EWCMS-PRACTICE-3

"Other Forms of Gender-based Violence or Harassment: Sexual harassment was common and not illegal. It could be prosecuted, however, under assault and battery and defamation statutes, but prosecutions were rare" (12). While information on practices encouraging/discouraging military assault/rape in Angola is scarce to nonexistent, the above quote indicates that sexual harassment in particular is relatively normalized in Angolan society. While this does not necessarily indicate that the same is true of rape/sexual assault, either in the military or society more broadly, it shines a light on the Angolan government's perspective on this class of crime. (NAC - CODER COMMENT).
Feb. 2, 2026, 9:48 a.m.
Countries: Algeria
Variables: EWCMS-PRACTICE-3

Publicly available information on practices encouraging/discouraging sexual assault in Algeria is scarce to nonexistent. The Algerian Ministry of National Defense does not appear to have posted any information publicly about policies/attempts to restrict military sexual violence on their website or other public-facing channels. (NAC - CODER COMMENT).
Feb. 2, 2026, 8:55 a.m.
Countries: Albania
Variables: EWCMS-PRACTICE-3

Information on military sexual assault in Albania is scarce to nonexistent. The 2020 policy revision (coded under this variable) appears to be the most recent reference to military sexual assault data, policy, or prevalence by Albanian government sources.
Feb. 2, 2026, 8:50 a.m.
Countries: Albania
Variables: EWCMS-PRACTICE-3

"Data from INSTAT shows that 26% of women aged 18-74 believe a woman should be ashamed to talk to anyone if she is raped, while 21% believe that if a woman is raped, she probably did something careless to put herself in trouble" (1-2). While this quote does not directly address specific factors discouraging military members from reporting rape and sexual assault, it provides insight into the broader societal perspective on such crimes in Albania. It can safely be assumed that the societal attitudes which are highlighted in the quote, and which are likely to discourage reporting in Albania writ large, also apply to female military members who have been...more
Jan. 20, 2026, 2:03 p.m.
Countries: Afghanistan
Variables: EWCMS-PRACTICE-3

“The Taliban acknowledged using hudud punishments (corporal punishments for perceived moral crimes), including for engaging in a sexual relationship outside marriage, which discourages sex trafficking victims from reporting exploitation as they are vulnerable to penalization solely for acts committed as a direct result of being trafficked. Observers noted the Taliban inappropriately penalized victims in cases of sex trafficking” (4). While this quote, which comes from the State Department's 2025 Trafficking in Persons Report for Afghanistan, focuses on the methods by which victims of trafficking are discouraged from reporting, the same incentives against reporting apply to those in the Afghan military who have been raped/assaulted by their superior or another soldier...more
Jan. 19, 2026, 2:56 p.m.
Countries: Afghanistan
Variables: EWCMS-PRACTICE-3

"The law criminalizes forced gynecological exams, which acted as “virginity tests,” except when conducted pursuant to a court order or with the consent of the subject. Awareness and enforcement of the restrictions on forced gynecological exams remained limited. There were reports police, prosecutors, and judges continued to order the exams in cases of “moral crimes” such as zina. Pre-August 15 government doctors, frequently men, conducted these exams, often without consent. Women who sought assistance in cases of rape were often subjected to the exams" (29). The practice of virginity tests is a thinly-veiled technique to discourage women from reporting instances of rape and sexual assault. Though this quote does not...more
Jan. 19, 2026, 2:51 p.m.
Countries: Afghanistan
Variables: EWCMS-PRACTICE-3

“Widespread disregard for the rule of law and official impunity for those responsible for human rights abuses were common. The pre-August 15 government did not consistently or effectively investigate or prosecute abuses by officials, including security forces" (3). The term "pre-August 15 government" refers to the government of Afghanistan which held power prior to the Taliban takeover in August 2021. The existence of a widespread lack of prosecution of abuses by officials can be assumed to have extended to military officials, creating an incentive to commit abuses including rape and assault due to a lack of prosecution (NAC - CODER COMMENT).
Jan. 9, 2026, 1:10 p.m.
Countries: United Kingdom
Variables: EWCMS-PRACTICE-3

"Other women have also spoken out about a 'deeply rooted cultural issue' in the armed forces, including unwanted comments about their appearance, harassment, leering and groping" (1)."Gunner Beck had made a complaint of sexual assault against [Sergeant Major Michael] Webber the day after the incident, but it was not investigated by military or civilian police and he was instead given a 'minor disciplinary'" (4)."The teenager [Gunner Beck} felt unable to report anything further as she had been 'silenced and dismissed' and did not want to be branded a 'female troublemaker', her mother said" (4)."According to the report, 42 per cent of women felt their Service actively tries to prevent harassment,...more
Dec. 10, 2025, 8:44 a.m.
Countries: Albania
Variables: EWCMS-PRACTICE-3

"Within the [Albanian Armed Forces], appointed personnel overseeing allegations of sexual offenses include direct superiors, leaders in all structures, personnel specialists, and the military police" (8). While the practice of including direct superiors in the sexual assault allegation oversight process does not necessarily discourage reporting, a number of militaries have shifted away from this model and towards the creation of independent bodies to investigate allegations to ensure that soldiers who make allegations are entirely protected from any real or perceived retaliatory punishment. An example of such a shift is the development of the Office of Special Trial Counsel by the United States military. (NAC - CODER COMMENT)
Nov. 1, 2025, 8:06 p.m.
Countries: Ukraine
Variables: EWCMS-PRACTICE-3

"But many women say that many impediments remain and that sexism is common within the ranks" (para 7). Sexism and misogyny within the military contributes significantly to sexual assault and rape. Military environments with institutional sexism can create a "permissive environment" where sexual harassment and assualt are tolerated or even normalized (LEN - CODER COMMENT).
March 27, 2025, 8:26 p.m.
Countries: United Kingdom
Variables: EWCMS-PRACTICE-3

"Hundreds of female soldiers who accused their colleagues of rape were 'misdiagnosed' with a personality disorder, it has been revealed. The victims said that after they sought help for sexual assault from the military's departments of community mental health (DCMH), they were 'written off' with emotionally unstable personality disorder and medically discharged. According to the The Telegraph, Paula Edwards, the chief executive of Salute Her UK - a charity for female military workers who have suffered rape and sexual assault - said women were being 'overdiagnosed and misdiagnosed' so the military could 'get rid of the problem'" (para 1-3). "Ms Edwards said it became a 'common theme' for young women...more
March 14, 2025, 5:25 p.m.
Countries: United States
Variables: EWCMS-PRACTICE-3

"The military services and the academies have struggled for years to combat sexual assault and harassment, with myriad prevention, education, and treatment programs. But despite reams of research, and expanded programs, the numbers continue to grow" (para 4-5). "Calling the increase 'extremely disappointing and upsetting,' defense officials said teams are visiting all three academies in the coming weeks to target improvements and changes to address the problem" (para 8). "But as yet, the changes have not appeared to make a dent in the problem, although officials argue that expanded assistance programs have encouraged more victims to report the crimes" (para 16). "Based on the surveys, students at the academies are...more
March 14, 2025, 4:48 p.m.
Countries: Venezuela
Variables: EWCMS-PRACTICE-3

"In 2019, it also drafted the 'Guidelines for victims of gender violence in the Bolivarian National Armed Forces'" (10).
Feb. 3, 2025, 1:16 p.m.
Countries: Eritrea
Variables: GEW-DATA-1, EWCMS-PRACTICE-3, EWCMS-LAW-1, EWCMS-LAW-2, EWCMS-DATA-3

"Eritrea, Tigray’s neighbor to the north, women conscripted into the federal army have reportedly been subjected to sexual violence during compulsory national service" (Para 7).
Jan. 18, 2025, 1:24 p.m.
Countries: Saudi Arabia
Variables: EWCMS-PRACTICE-3

"Houri was released from a Houthi jail in 2019 and gave numerous powerful interviews, mainly on Arabic channels, claiming female prisoners were systematically raped, mistreated and held for ransom. Her testimony contributed to UN security council sanctions being imposed on two Houthi security officials in February 2021. It was later alleged that she admitted some of her testimony on Arabic TV was untrue and she had embellished claims at the request of Saudi officials. . .He said Houri had told him that some, but not all, she said about her time in prison was either false or embellished. She had told him that some of the embellishment was on the...more
Jan. 15, 2025, 3:12 p.m.
Countries: United Kingdom
Variables: EWCMS-PRACTICE-3

"Speaking at the Sandhurst military academy, Defence Secretary Mr Wallace said the increase in cases was due to victims – who are overwhelmingly female – being prepared to come forward. He said: 'Ultimately I think it's a reflection of the work we've been doing in allowing people to come forward, encouraging them to come forward to talk about their experiences. 'And it's also, I think, a reflection on the fact we've invested in the service justice system to make sure there are better outcomes.' Mr Wallace said a greater proportion of victims who came forward in the military system received justice in the form of a conviction than in the...more
Dec. 13, 2024, 10:27 p.m.
Countries: Australia
Variables: EWCMS-PRACTICE-3

"Defence force personnel convicted of sexual crimes under the military justice system remained in service, with the ADF not knowing how many of its members had been convicted in civilian courts - even if the offending was against another defence member. The inquiry found when members were convicted of sexual offences under the military justice system, they were not transferred to civilian court records" (para 4-5). "Some victims did not report sexual violence out of fear of damaging their career advancement prospects or being ostracised, the inquiry found. Even when reports of sexual assault were substantiated, 'systemic weaknesses' might expose victims to ongoing risk, including being posted to the same...more
Dec. 6, 2024, 10:52 a.m.
Countries: Japan
Variables: EWCMS-PRACTICE-3

"Its report said most victims did not trust the way the SDF and defence ministry handled complaints, or feared retribution if they spoke out" (para 3). "In findings that are expected to intensify criticism of the way in which the SDF and the ministry handle harassment complaints, the panel said most of the 400 people who had sought advice said they had not received proper help, with some claiming they had been pressured into dropping their complaints. Some of those who had decided not to complain said they were not confident that reaching out to counsellors would resolve their problem. Others said they did not know who to talk to,...more
Dec. 4, 2024, 4:45 p.m.
Countries: Burma/Myanmar
Variables: EWCMS-PRACTICE-3

"Min Htet Aung, a lead researcher for BACS, said women would face unique risks if forced to serve. 'The Myanmar military is an organisation dominated by patriarchy and male chauvinism. Consequently, women who join the military may face discrimination and sexual abuse,' he said in an emailed response to questions" (par. 41-42). "Min Htet Aung said the army was snatching people from their homes, roadside checkpoints, tea shops and bars and sometimes soldiers threatened the parents of people who had fled, a tactic it also uses against opponents" (par. 58).
Dec. 4, 2024, 4:40 p.m.
Countries: United States
Variables: EWCMS-PRACTICE-3

"The US Coast Guard has been accused of failing to prevent and punish mariners accused of sexual assault for years - as women have broken silence in harrowing detail with claims of rape at sea. Among those speaking out in CNN's damning 'Maritime Me Too' report is Hope Hicks. She was a 19-year-old student in the US Merchant Marine Academy when she was allegedly raped by First Engineer Edgar Sison on board the Alliance Fairfax. Before she boarded her 100-day stint at sea in Jacksonville, Florida, she was warned by older academy graduates that crew members were known for questionable behavior - including stealing women's bras and underwear from the...more
Nov. 12, 2024, 2:41 p.m.
Countries: United Kingdom
Variables: LRW-PRACTICE-1, EWCMS-PRACTICE-3

"Sandhurst [the training center for prospective Royal Army officers] is plagued by a ‘toxic culture’ of sexual assault as hundreds of women report abuse during service training, it was alleged last night...Over two decades, 177 women have sought help after suffering abuse at officer training site Sandhurst, it said...Paula Edwards [of Salute Her UK] said that of 3,170 women on its database, over half were raped while in the Armed Forces. Officers have already promised to improve the culture at Sandhurst after the suicide of cadet Olivia Perks, which exposed a culture of incidents between instructors and recruits. The Daily Mail has previously revealed similar allegations of abuse in the...more
Nov. 5, 2024, 12:46 p.m.
Countries: Ireland
Variables: EWCMS-PRACTICE-3

"Ireland's armed forces 'barely tolerates women', a report into bullying and sexual harassment has found. The report by the Independent Review Group found a 'discernible pattern of rape and sexual assault'" (para 1-2). "It [report by the Independent Review Group of Ireland's armed forces] found that incidents of bullying and rape were covered up and that no sexual harassment cases were officially recorded through the formal complaints process between 2019 to 2021" (para 7). "In the review, 88% of female respondents surveyed said they had experienced one or more forms of sexual harassment. Interviewees reported sexual assaults taking place in barracks, naval boats, shower facilities and while abroad on tours....more
Oct. 17, 2024, 6:46 p.m.
Countries: United Kingdom
Variables: EWCMS-PRACTICE-3

"A couple of hundred female members of the UK armed forces have been 'misdiagnosed' with various personality disorders after they reported their sexual assaults at the hands of their colleagues to the department. According to a report by The Telegraph, the victims of sexual abuse said that after they sought help from the military’s departments of community mental health (DCMH), they were 'written off' with emotional disorders. The women were later eventually medically discharged" (par. 1-2). "[T]he Royal Military Academy in Sandhurst was urged to tackle a 'toxic culture' of sexual assault following the testimonies of several servicewomen" (par. 3). "The chief executive of Salute Her UK, a charity organisation...more
June 14, 2023, 7:56 p.m.
Countries: Bolivia
Variables: EWCMS-PRACTICE-3

"[P]ublic servants staffing the 'Genoveva Ríos' Special Anti-Violence Force (FELCV) [are obligated]to obtain qualifications and training in violence prevention, and the establishment of the 'ADELA' early warning system" (4). "Training and awareness-raising courses are regularly held on women’s rights, discrimination and violence, including an induction programme for staff joining FELCV; a training course for instructors in combating violence against women and families; and courses on forensics" (12).
June 14, 2023, 5:57 p.m.
Countries: Bolivia
Variables: EWCMS-PRACTICE-3

"Other landmarks in the ongoing drive to eliminate discrimination and violence against women include 'Let’s Live Without Violence', the recent approval of strategies to promote awareness-raising days to prevent violence, and compulsory training on preventing violence against women for public servants, military personnel and public-sector enterprises" (3).