Countries: Brazil
Variables: GEW-DATA-1

For the timeframe 2020 to present, Brazil does not appear to have an ongoing conventional war, civil war, or rebel conflict in which rape or sexual violence against women and girls is being used as a weapon of war. Available sources show serious levels of gender-based violence, trafficking, armed criminal violence, and sexual exploitation risks connected to organized crime and illegal mining, but these are not clearly documented as wartime rape or conflict-related sexual violence. Therefore, this variable should be coded as little to no war-related potential, while noting that Brazilian women and girls still face serious non-war-related sexual violence and trafficking risks (MR-CODER COMMENT).

Countries: Bolivia
Variables: GEW-DATA-1

For the required timeframe, 2020 to present, there are no publicly available data, reports, or survivor testimonies showing that crimes against women and girls, such as rape, occurred during war or sustained armed conflict in Bolivia. Bolivia has experienced significant internal political unrest, protest violence, road blockades, clashes with police, a failed military coup attempt in 2024, and serious confrontations involving irregular groups and military facilities; however, these events do not amount to a conventional war or sustained civil war. The strongest related evidence concerns Bolivia’s late-2019 post-election crisis, under a different government administration, where human-rights reporting documented sexual and gender-based violence during political violence and security-force operations. However, for...more

Countries: Afghanistan
Variables: GEW-DATA-1

"When a mob of armed Taliban fighters arrived at the front door of 22-year-old Tahmina, the model was home alone. It was nearly midnight in early September 2021, shortly after the militant group conquered Kabul and began to implement a brutal system of gender apartheid, erasing women from public life. 'As soon as I opened the door, a group of armed men entered. The first words I heard were, 'Kill this whore,' Tahmina, speaking under a pseudonym, revealed to Afghanistan International. One of the men opened his phone and began filming, as others beat her, tore her shirt open, and subjected her to gang rape, all the while accusing her...more

Countries: Belize
Variables: GEW-DATA-1

For the given timeframe, 2020 to present, there is little to no documented evidence of war-related rape or other crimes against women and girls during war in Belize. Belize is not currently documented as being in a war, civil conflict, or insurgency, and no evidence was found of rebel armies using rape, kidnapping, or sexual exploitation as a tactic of war against the government. While Belize does face gang violence, trafficking, forced labor, and gender-based violence, these appear to be criminal-security issues rather than documented war-related sexual violence (MR-CODER COMMENT).

Countries: Belarus
Variables: GEW-DATA-1

"There were, however, reports of abductions by security forces of opposition leaders. For example, on September 7, masked members of the security forces approached opposition leader Maryya Kalesnikava on the street in Minsk and forced her into a van. According to Kalesnikava’s lawyer, the men first took her to the Ministry of Internal Affair’s Main Directorate for Combatting Organized Crime and Corruption, where she was held for several hours without registering her detention. She was then brought to the central office of the Committee for State Security (BKGB), where she was told to depart the country voluntarily. After Kalesnikava refused, she was taken to the Ukrainian border on September 8,...more

Countries: Congo
Variables: GEW-DATA-1

"...Rape has been used as a weapon of war through decades of strife between the DRC’s military, ethnic Hutu militias and Tutsi insurgents. That discord is rooted in the 1994 mass slaughter of Tutsis by Hutus in neighboring Rwanda, a genocide that destabilized both nations and has kept them locked in conflict" (para 5). "Congolese gynecologist Denis Mukwege, 70, was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize in 2018 for his work on combating sexual violence in DRC. He has treated tens of thousands of rape victims and survived two wars, including the First Congo War of the late 1990s, when he said armed men massacred colleagues and patients at a hospital...more

Countries: Bangladesh
Variables: GEW-DATA-1

"More than hundred Bangladeshi peacekeepers of the United Nations mission in Liberia were sent back home on March 1 after they were embroiled in a sex scandal....The source said the five paid for having sex with local women and took pictures of sexual acts. They later went to a local photo studio to print the pictures for $25 (Liberian)" (para 1,4). This information shows the commonality of sexual exploitation of women ang girls in the countries to which Bangladeshi peecekeepers are sent (MR-CODER COMMENT).

Countries: Iran
Variables: LRW-DATA-1, GEW-DATA-1

"Amnesty has reported that girls as young as 12 have been raped in an effort to inflict lasting physical and psychological damage" (para 16). "The use of sexual violence intensified during the 2022 anti-government protests, which erupted after the death of 22-year-old Mahsa Amini in police custody. Amnesty documented testimonies from at least 45 survivors, including men, women and children, who reported rape, gang rape and other forms of sexual violence. The organisation stated that ‘Iran’s intelligence and security forces have been committing horrific acts of torture, including beatings, flogging, electric shocks, rape and other sexual violence against child protestors as young as 12 to quell their involvement in nationwide...more

Countries: Sudan
Variables: GEW-DATA-1

“UNICEF cited ‘data compiled by gender-based violence service providers in Sudan’ that showed 221 rape cases against children have been documented since the beginning of 2024. Of those, 147 were girls, meaning 33 percent of rape victims were boys. Sixteen of the survivors were under five years of age and four of them were only one year old. ‘These figures represent only a small fraction of total cases. Survivors and their families are often unwilling or unable to come forward due to challenges accessing services and frontline workers, fear of the stigma they could face, the fear of rejection from their family or community, the fear of retribution from armed...more

Countries: Iran
Variables: GEW-DATA-1

"Two nurses working in a Tehran hospital who treated wounded protesters during the nationwide uprising in January were tortured and repeatedly gang raped by security agents while in custody, people familiar with the matter told Iran International" (para 1). "One of the nurses, a 33-year-old woman, was repeatedly abused and raped during detention, according to informed sources who spoke with Iran International. Sources said agents subjected her to various forms of sexual torture. In addition to assaulting her with their fingers, agents raped her in groups of two or three over consecutive days. They also raped her by inserting a foreign object into her anus, causing severe bleeding, the sources...more

Countries: Haiti
Variables: GEW-DATA-1

"More than half of the patients being treated at the Pran Men'm clinic, which opened a decade ago in Port-au-Prince, were attacked by multiple members of armed groups, the charity, also known as Médecins Sans Frontières, or MSF, said in a new report. 'Over 100 individuals were attacked by 10 or more perpetrators at a time,' it said, noting an average of three perpetrators per case. The clinic has treated nearly 17,000 patients in the past decade, including 2,300 alone in the first nine months of last year. More than 350 of those patients are boys and men, MSF said" (para 4-6).

Countries: Angola
Variables: GEW-DATA-1

There is no evidence that sexual violence or trafficking were used as weapons of war between the years 2020-2025 in Angola. During that period, Angola was not involved in an armed conflict. The insurgent group Front for the Liberation of the Enclave of Cabinda (FLEC) may have had a small presence in the country between 2020 and 2025, though reporting on their activities is scarce and no reports have been made regarding their use of sexual violence as a weapon of war during that time. (NAC - CODER COMMENT).

Countries: Albania
Variables: GEW-DATA-1

There is no evidence that the Albanian government facilitated or was accepting of the use of sexual violence as a weapon of war between the years 2020-2025. During that period, Albania was not involved in an armed conflict. Rebel groups/armed insurgencies did not exist in Albania during that period. (NAC - CODER COMMENT).

Countries: Afghanistan
Variables: GEW-DATA-1

"In 2023, the United Nations Assistance Mission in Afghanistan (UNAMA) verified incidents of sexual violence perpetrated against six women, including rape and attempted rape, all implicating Taliban de facto officials. As part of the monitoring of grave violations against children, the United Nations verified rape and other forms of sexual violence perpetrated against six girls and six boys by de facto authorities and unidentified perpetrators" (9).

Countries: Afghanistan
Variables: GEW-DATA-1

"In August the UN Special Rapporteur on the situation of human rights in Afghanistan reported cases of women detainees being sexually abused and assaulted by the Taliban. Similarly, Afghan Witness and the media reported that the Taliban initiated a campaign in January to arrest women and girls for non-compliance with mandatory hijab rules. This resulted in the arrest and detention of dozens of women and girls during the year, 'with many reporting degrading treatments, torture, and even rape'" (3).