Countries: Bulgaria
Variables: GIC-LAW-1, GIC-LAW-3

“In June 2000, Bulgaria ratified selected Articles of Part II of the Social Charter of the Council of Europe, which included provisions for gender equality and some special protections for women, such as the right of women and men workers to equal pay for work of equal value, the right to maternity leave and the payment of adequate benefits” (50). “However, Bulgarian legislation is also lacking in several areas. Most important to the question of women in the labour force is that it does not comply with ratified ILO conventions, namely Convention 100, establishing the right to equal remuneration of women and men for work of equal value. This provision...more

Countries: Namibia
Variables: GIC-LAW-3

"The state party welcomes the recommendation and will consult with relevant stakeholders to develop modalities to better regulate the informal employment sector in order to ensure that issues of conditions of employment including maternity leave in terms of the Labour Act are adhered to." (17). "In terms of section 26 of the Labour Act, Act No.11 of 2007, a female employee who has completed six months’ continuous service in the employment of an employer is, with a view to her confinement (date of childbirth), entitled to not less than 12 weeks’ maternity leave, calculated as follows: a) Before her actual date of confinement - (i) she is entitled to commence...more

Countries: Austria
Variables: GIC-LAW-3

"The Committee welcomes the progress achieved since the consideration in 2013 of the State party’s combined seventh and eighth periodic reports... in particular the following:...(c) Adoption of amendments to the Maternity Protection Law and the Paternal Leave Law, which define a legal working time frame for part-time work of parents and extend the period for informing the employer about parental leave plans and which entered into force on 1 January 2016" (1-2). "Only a very low number of men avail themselves of parental leave in the State party and only for short periods...The Committee recommends that the State party:...(e) Strengthen measures aimed at facilitating the reconciliation of professional and private...more

Countries: Djibouti
Variables: GIC-LAW-1, GIC-LAW-3

"Amending provisions on maternity leave in both the private and public sectors, extending maternity leave to six months" (21).

Countries: Indonesia
Variables: GIC-LAW-3

"Meanwhile, women employment has been boosted with regulations obligating the employers to provide access to maternity leave, lactation rooms and day care centres and flexible working hours for lactating women" (2). "The guarantee for maternity leave, flexible working hours for pregnant women, and providing lactation room and day care in office buildings are among the steps that have been taken to fulfil the rights of working women. To ensure the full implementation of these rights, the MoWECP continues to lobby public and private sectors to allocate integrated special space for day care and lactation in offices, apartment buildings and public places" (30).

Countries: Guyana
Variables: GIC-LAW-3

"The Committee welcomes measures taken to achieve universal school enrolment, which have allowed the State party to reach gender parity in primary and secondary education, and to implement the national policy for the reintegration of adolescent mothers into the formal school system. The Committee expresses concern, however, about the following: (a) The prevalence of sexual harassment of girls in schools by male teachers and pupils; (b) The lack of childcare facilities to facilitate the reintegration of adolescent mothers into the formal education system; (c) Gender and ethnic disparities in enrolment in technical and vocational education and the absence of such training centres in regions 1 and 7 to 9; (d)...more

Countries: Denmark
Variables: GIC-LAW-3

"A nationwide campaign to promote the use of parental leave by fathers runs in 2017–2020. It was developed in dialogue with companies, organizations and trade unions. Also, a charter with concrete actions was drafted and subsequently signed by a number of private sector actors. In 2019, a pool of DKK 1 mill. was distributed for activities to promote the use of fathers’ leave" (5). "Both mothers and fathers are entitled to state sponsored parental leave and entitlements. Mothers have 18 weeks of paid maternity leave and fathers have 2 weeks of paid paternity leave. Additionally, each parent has the right to 32 weeks of parental leave with a total of...more

Countries: China
Variables: GIC-LAW-3

"Chinese law ensures that women workers are entitled to paid maternity leave. According to the provisions of the Labour Law of the People’s Republic of China, after childbirth, female workers shall be entitled to no less than ninety days of maternity leave with pay. The Special Regulations Concerning the Labour Protection of Female Staff and Workers include further provisions for maternity leave: a woman can take a prenatal leave of 15 days within the 90-day maternity leave; in cases of dystocia, maternity leave will be extended by 15 days; in cases of multiple births, maternity leave will be extended by 15 days for every additional baby. Provisional Measures for Maternity...more

Countries: Turkey
Variables: GIC-LAW-3

"[A] five-day paternity leave was granted to employees whose spouse give birth" (18). "With the regulation, female employees were entitled to work half-time for two months for the first child on condition of the survival of the child; four months for the second child, and six months for the third and more children without any pay reduction. In multiple births, one extra month shall be added to the aforementioned periods. In the event of a child with disability, the employee was entitled to work half-time for 12 months on usual salary" (18). "The employee shall be paid 'Part Time Employment Payment after Maternity and Adoption', following the maternity and adoption,...more

Countries: Mozambique
Variables: GIC-LAW-3

"The Committee welcomes the amendment of the Labour Act in 2019 to extend maternity leave from 60 to 90 days in the public and private sectors and to criminalize sexual harassment in the workplace. It remains concerned, however, at: It remains concerned, however, at:...The limited availability of affordable childcare facilities and breastfeeding arrangements, especially in the private sector; The fact that women in the informal sector continue to be excluded from social protection, including maternity leave and pension benefits" (10).

Countries: Italy
Variables: GIC-LAW-3

"The support entails the taking in charge of the children through various means and using resources more varied: from a baby-parking service performed by professionals or volunteers (Florence, Ivrea, Trepuzzi, Venice) to its more structured forms, involving the beneficiaries themselves in looking after children, by providing them with forms of remuneration (a sort of scholarship), payable in turn to each of them (city of Sezze)" (37). "...financial resources for 'non-State driven schools' were increased to 100 million Euros, to be allocated, on a priority basis, to kindergartens, in accordance with art. 1, para. 635, of the 2007 Budgetary Law" (63). "By dividing the Italian territory in three areas, namely North,...more

Countries: Somalia
Variables: GIC-LAW-3

"No childcare benefits are available. The mother will most likely hire a close family member or nanny to watch after her child when she goes back to work. The government will not provide any benefits" (1).

Countries: Afghanistan
Variables: GIC-LAW-3

"The law defines the standard workweek for both public- and private-sector employees as 40 hours: eight hours per day with one hour for lunch and noon prayers. The labor law makes no mention of day workers in the informal sector, leaving them completely unprotected. There are no occupational health and safety regulations or officially adopted standards. The law, however, provides for reduced standard workweeks for children ages 15 to 17, pregnant women, nursing mothers, and miners and workers in other occupations that present health risks. The law provides workers with the right to receive wages, annual vacation time in addition to national holidays, compensation for on-the-job injuries, overtime pay, health...more

Countries: Chile
Variables: ERBG-PRACTICE-1, GIC-LAW-1, GIC-LAW-3

"The government effectively enforced applicable laws and regulations prohibiting employment discrimination. Authorities generally enforced the law in cases of sexual harassment, and there was no evidence of police or judicial reluctance to act. Companies may receive 'special sanctions' for infractions such as denying maternity leave. Such penalties were generally sufficient to deter violations..." (21).

Countries: South Korea
Variables: PHBP-PRACTICE-1, ERBG-PRACTICE-3, ERBG-DATA-1, CRPLB-PRACTICE-1, GIC-LAW-1, GIC-LAW-3

"For example, in January 2021, the Seoul city government uploaded guidance for pregnant women to make sure to check if there is plenty of toilet paper in the house, make meals for husbands, and to pay attention to their looks by hanging smaller size clothes to motivate themselves to lose weight after giving birth. And the discrimination against pregnant women begins long before the actual pregnancy. In hiring processes, interviewers routinely ask women invasive questions about their plans to get pregnant, with some openly telling female candidates it would be difficult to hire them because the company does not want to pay for maternity leave. According to a local survey,...more