Latest items for IIP-PRACTICE-1
April 9, 2024, 10:09 p.m.
Countries: Japan
Variables: IIP-PRACTICE-1
"Protesters gather to call for revision of sex crime legislation in Tokyo, 2019" (para 7).
Variables: IIP-PRACTICE-1
"Protesters gather to call for revision of sex crime legislation in Tokyo, 2019" (para 7).
Feb. 20, 2024, 9:55 a.m.
Countries: Qatar
Variables: IIP-PRACTICE-1
"Whilst women hotel workers across the world face a disproportionate risk of gender-based violence compared to other industries, rights groups say that those working in Qatar could find it particularly difficult to report the abuse they may face. A report published this year by Equidem, a labor rights organization, said gender-based violence and harassment are 'a fact of life for women' at some Fifa World Cup hotel partners. Equidem’s researchers contacted more than 800 migrant workers across the region, male and female, but only 10% agreed to have their experiences recorded" (para 20).
Variables: IIP-PRACTICE-1
"Whilst women hotel workers across the world face a disproportionate risk of gender-based violence compared to other industries, rights groups say that those working in Qatar could find it particularly difficult to report the abuse they may face. A report published this year by Equidem, a labor rights organization, said gender-based violence and harassment are 'a fact of life for women' at some Fifa World Cup hotel partners. Equidem’s researchers contacted more than 800 migrant workers across the region, male and female, but only 10% agreed to have their experiences recorded" (para 20).
Feb. 11, 2024, 3:55 p.m.
Countries: Afghanistan
Variables: IIP-PRACTICE-1, DSFMF-PRACTICE-2, DSFMF-PRACTICE-3, DSFMF-LAW-1
"Women accused of adultery have been publicly lashed by the Taliban as the Islamist group rolls out sharia law across Afghanistan. Ten men and nine women were each whipped 39 times in the city of Taloqan for alleged adultery and theft, a senior Taliban official said" (para 1-2).
Variables: IIP-PRACTICE-1, DSFMF-PRACTICE-2, DSFMF-PRACTICE-3, DSFMF-LAW-1
"Women accused of adultery have been publicly lashed by the Taliban as the Islamist group rolls out sharia law across Afghanistan. Ten men and nine women were each whipped 39 times in the city of Taloqan for alleged adultery and theft, a senior Taliban official said" (para 1-2).
Jan. 29, 2024, 5:50 p.m.
Countries: Bosnia-Herzegovina
Variables: IIP-PRACTICE-1
"[L]esbian, bisexual and transgender women [are stigmatized and discriminated against in society]" (14).
Variables: IIP-PRACTICE-1
"[L]esbian, bisexual and transgender women [are stigmatized and discriminated against in society]" (14).
Jan. 22, 2024, 6:37 p.m.
Countries: Afghanistan
Variables: IIP-PRACTICE-1
"The formerly liberal city is also the site of a Taliban prison where women are being held without trial simply for taking taxis without male companions" (para 3). "Other 'immoral offences' prompting women to be locked up include schoolgirls posing for photos with male classmates" (para 4). "A Taliban official at the local Ministry for Promotion of Virtue and Prevention of Vice confirmed today that authorities have 'instructed that men and women be segregated in restaurants'. Riazullah Seerat told AFP business owners had been verbally warned that the rule applies 'even if they are husband and wife'" (para 9-10). "Seerat added his office has issued a decree that Herat's public...more
Variables: IIP-PRACTICE-1
"The formerly liberal city is also the site of a Taliban prison where women are being held without trial simply for taking taxis without male companions" (para 3). "Other 'immoral offences' prompting women to be locked up include schoolgirls posing for photos with male classmates" (para 4). "A Taliban official at the local Ministry for Promotion of Virtue and Prevention of Vice confirmed today that authorities have 'instructed that men and women be segregated in restaurants'. Riazullah Seerat told AFP business owners had been verbally warned that the rule applies 'even if they are husband and wife'" (para 9-10). "Seerat added his office has issued a decree that Herat's public...more
Jan. 21, 2024, 10:43 a.m.
Countries: Saudi Arabia
Variables: IIP-PRACTICE-1
"He also removed some of the legal enforcements of the dreaded guardianship system, which consigned every Saudi woman to the near total control of a male family member...M.B.S. defanged the notorious religious police and ended the mandatory gender segregation they imposed on every public space." (Parag. 6) "The recent reforms mean that if a woman has been born or married into a clan of freethinking men willing to let her do things, the state will not interfere. But for the many Saudi women who lack a benevolent male guardian, there is no remedy. If, for example, a woman’s husband or father doesn’t think she should get her driving license, she...more
Variables: IIP-PRACTICE-1
"He also removed some of the legal enforcements of the dreaded guardianship system, which consigned every Saudi woman to the near total control of a male family member...M.B.S. defanged the notorious religious police and ended the mandatory gender segregation they imposed on every public space." (Parag. 6) "The recent reforms mean that if a woman has been born or married into a clan of freethinking men willing to let her do things, the state will not interfere. But for the many Saudi women who lack a benevolent male guardian, there is no remedy. If, for example, a woman’s husband or father doesn’t think she should get her driving license, she...more
Jan. 21, 2024, 10:39 a.m.
Countries: Iran
Variables: IIP-PRACTICE-1
"As I write this, my cousin, who lives in a small town, sends me a message via WhatsApp: When driving in the car with her husband, she got a warning via text that her headscarf was not properly covering her hair, including the details of their license plate and location" (para 15). "Four decades of brutal policing have also given unofficial permission to ordinary citizens whose religious and political ideologies align with the regime to take matters into their own hands. Long before the death of Mahsa Amini ignited the current uprising, a woman could be harassed for her appearances by any passerby merely because the government justifies policing women’s...more
Variables: IIP-PRACTICE-1
"As I write this, my cousin, who lives in a small town, sends me a message via WhatsApp: When driving in the car with her husband, she got a warning via text that her headscarf was not properly covering her hair, including the details of their license plate and location" (para 15). "Four decades of brutal policing have also given unofficial permission to ordinary citizens whose religious and political ideologies align with the regime to take matters into their own hands. Long before the death of Mahsa Amini ignited the current uprising, a woman could be harassed for her appearances by any passerby merely because the government justifies policing women’s...more
Jan. 21, 2024, 10:36 a.m.
Countries: Iran
Variables: IIP-PRACTICE-1
"The court found her guilty of 'encouraging corruption and prostitution' as well as 'assembly and collusion'" (para 3). This was the sentence given to a woman that took off her hijab at a protest. This suggests legal concerns about the individual's activities, while women's participation in protests is a broader expression of their rights and societal concerns (MD-CODDER COMMENT).
Variables: IIP-PRACTICE-1
"The court found her guilty of 'encouraging corruption and prostitution' as well as 'assembly and collusion'" (para 3). This was the sentence given to a woman that took off her hijab at a protest. This suggests legal concerns about the individual's activities, while women's participation in protests is a broader expression of their rights and societal concerns (MD-CODDER COMMENT).
Dec. 21, 2023, 10:10 a.m.
Countries: Iran
Variables: IIP-PRACTICE-1
"Zahra Khoshnavaz knew she had taken a risk when she joined five other female supporters and attended a high-profile football match disguised as a man"(para 1). "When the Iranian authorities let a limited number of women attend a domestic football match in Tehran in August, Khoshnavaz was refused access, again without being given a reason" (para 18). "'The women and men are separated so attending with your family is still a dream,' says Sepidah, who now lives overseas and requested her surname was kept secret to protect her family in Iran. 'There are morality police everywhere, not letting in women with 'bad' hijab as they call it'" (para 32). "Only...more
Variables: IIP-PRACTICE-1
"Zahra Khoshnavaz knew she had taken a risk when she joined five other female supporters and attended a high-profile football match disguised as a man"(para 1). "When the Iranian authorities let a limited number of women attend a domestic football match in Tehran in August, Khoshnavaz was refused access, again without being given a reason" (para 18). "'The women and men are separated so attending with your family is still a dream,' says Sepidah, who now lives overseas and requested her surname was kept secret to protect her family in Iran. 'There are morality police everywhere, not letting in women with 'bad' hijab as they call it'" (para 32). "Only...more
Dec. 20, 2023, 11:14 a.m.
Countries: Iran
Variables: IIP-PRACTICE-1
"After months of protests set off by the death of a young woman who was detained by the force for supposedly violating the country’s strict Islamic dress law" (para 1 ). "There have been many reports from residents of Iran that the morality police have scarcely been seen on the streets since the protests erupted nearly three months ago, and women have increasingly been appearing in public with their hair uncovered. But other security forces, including the notorious Basij militiamen, have been beating and arresting women who go out with their hair uncovered, videos show"(para 10).
Variables: IIP-PRACTICE-1
"After months of protests set off by the death of a young woman who was detained by the force for supposedly violating the country’s strict Islamic dress law" (para 1 ). "There have been many reports from residents of Iran that the morality police have scarcely been seen on the streets since the protests erupted nearly three months ago, and women have increasingly been appearing in public with their hair uncovered. But other security forces, including the notorious Basij militiamen, have been beating and arresting women who go out with their hair uncovered, videos show"(para 10).
Nov. 28, 2023, 12:49 p.m.
Countries: South Korea
Variables: IIP-PRACTICE-1
"[O]ne's hairstyle can become a reason for verbal abuse and accusations of man-hating" (pp 20). "[W]omen cannot talk about gender issues in public spaces" (pp 25).
Variables: IIP-PRACTICE-1
"[O]ne's hairstyle can become a reason for verbal abuse and accusations of man-hating" (pp 20). "[W]omen cannot talk about gender issues in public spaces" (pp 25).
Nov. 22, 2023, 5:13 p.m.
Countries: Indonesia
Variables: IIP-PRACTICE-1
"In March 2017, I went to Santen beach, the most popular public beach in Banyuwangi, facing Bali Island… The government set up a checkpoint not only to charge visitors but, later I learned, to separate males and females" (78). "We were walking [on the beach] when a man in a civil servant uniform [Korpri] shouted and asked us—women—to move to the woman’s beach section. We did not see public order officials [Satpol PP] like usual. He said the officials had gone home but it did not mean the rule could be ignored. He insisted that we should stay on our side of the iron gate that separated the beach into...more
Variables: IIP-PRACTICE-1
"In March 2017, I went to Santen beach, the most popular public beach in Banyuwangi, facing Bali Island… The government set up a checkpoint not only to charge visitors but, later I learned, to separate males and females" (78). "We were walking [on the beach] when a man in a civil servant uniform [Korpri] shouted and asked us—women—to move to the woman’s beach section. We did not see public order officials [Satpol PP] like usual. He said the officials had gone home but it did not mean the rule could be ignored. He insisted that we should stay on our side of the iron gate that separated the beach into...more
Nov. 22, 2023, 4 p.m.
Countries: Indonesia
Variables: IIP-PRACTICE-1
"Women in parts of the country who are forced or pressured to wear long hijabs and required to wear long skirts instead of long pants risks having their clothes getting caught in motorcycle wheels, particularly if also required to ride side-saddle, as they are in Aceh" (3).
Variables: IIP-PRACTICE-1
"Women in parts of the country who are forced or pressured to wear long hijabs and required to wear long skirts instead of long pants risks having their clothes getting caught in motorcycle wheels, particularly if also required to ride side-saddle, as they are in Aceh" (3).
Nov. 22, 2023, 12:31 p.m.
Countries: Syria
Variables: RCDW-PRACTICE-1, IIP-PRACTICE-1
"[W]omen and girls over 9 years of age wear a black or dark brown jalabiya, a wide-cut, loose-fitting garment, when venturing outdoors. They may not wear dresses with bright colors, must cover their hair, and cannot wear makeup" (111).
Variables: RCDW-PRACTICE-1, IIP-PRACTICE-1
"[W]omen and girls over 9 years of age wear a black or dark brown jalabiya, a wide-cut, loose-fitting garment, when venturing outdoors. They may not wear dresses with bright colors, must cover their hair, and cannot wear makeup" (111).
Nov. 22, 2023, 12:29 p.m.
Countries: Syria
Variables: IIP-PRACTICE-1
"Members of these groups forbade women from being in public without a male family member in Idlib city, Ras al-Ayn, Tel Abyad, and Tel Aran" (110).
Variables: IIP-PRACTICE-1
"Members of these groups forbade women from being in public without a male family member in Idlib city, Ras al-Ayn, Tel Abyad, and Tel Aran" (110).
Nov. 6, 2023, 11:49 p.m.
Countries: China
Variables: IIP-PRACTICE-1
"The equal access of women to public services and resources is guaranteed. [I]n the newly revised Design Code for Urban Public Restrooms, issued in 2016, the ratio of women’s toilets to men’s toilets was changed to 3:2, or 2:1 in high traffic areas, making the pubic space more welcoming for women" (24).
Variables: IIP-PRACTICE-1
"The equal access of women to public services and resources is guaranteed. [I]n the newly revised Design Code for Urban Public Restrooms, issued in 2016, the ratio of women’s toilets to men’s toilets was changed to 3:2, or 2:1 in high traffic areas, making the pubic space more welcoming for women" (24).
Nov. 3, 2023, 5 p.m.
Countries: Haiti
Variables: IIP-PRACTICE-1
"That fear has rippled across Port-au-Prince. Parents hesitate to send their children to school, worried they could be kidnapped or raped by gangs. By night, the buzzing streets of the city empty" (para 12). "For women especially, going outside the house is a risk. So is fleeing: Gangs use the threat of rape to stop communities from abandoning the areas they control" (para 13). "'Sexual violence is a way to paralyze, to scare people. The minute there’s an increase in sexual violence, everyone stops moving, people don’t go to work because they’re scared,' Michel said. 'It’s a weapon, it’s a way to send a message'" (para 24).
Variables: IIP-PRACTICE-1
"That fear has rippled across Port-au-Prince. Parents hesitate to send their children to school, worried they could be kidnapped or raped by gangs. By night, the buzzing streets of the city empty" (para 12). "For women especially, going outside the house is a risk. So is fleeing: Gangs use the threat of rape to stop communities from abandoning the areas they control" (para 13). "'Sexual violence is a way to paralyze, to scare people. The minute there’s an increase in sexual violence, everyone stops moving, people don’t go to work because they’re scared,' Michel said. 'It’s a weapon, it’s a way to send a message'" (para 24).
Nov. 3, 2023, 4:52 p.m.
Countries: South Korea
Variables: IIP-PRACTICE-1
"The ministry explained that the measures are aimed at alleviating people's anxiety from sharing a ride with a stranger, as well as concerns of potential crimes" (para 10). If lawmakers are concerned with crime increasing through the intermingling of sex, then there must be a preexisting issue of violence and harassment against women in public spaces (MCP - CODER COMMENT).
Variables: IIP-PRACTICE-1
"The ministry explained that the measures are aimed at alleviating people's anxiety from sharing a ride with a stranger, as well as concerns of potential crimes" (para 10). If lawmakers are concerned with crime increasing through the intermingling of sex, then there must be a preexisting issue of violence and harassment against women in public spaces (MCP - CODER COMMENT).
Nov. 3, 2023, 11:41 a.m.
Countries: South Korea
Variables: IIP-PRACTICE-1
“As she wanders through the dark alleys of her local food market, dressed in a black baseball cap, oversized jeans, and a T-shirt, she tries to disguise herself as she recounts her experience. This is a small town, and she has done something she could have been fired for. She filmed everything and reported the bank to the government, to be investigated” (para 4). This woman disguises herself in public, assumably because she fears harassment of some kind after she spoke out on gender issues. Women who speak out on gender issues may not be free to move about in public (ET - CODER COMMENT). “But just six months later,...more
Variables: IIP-PRACTICE-1
“As she wanders through the dark alleys of her local food market, dressed in a black baseball cap, oversized jeans, and a T-shirt, she tries to disguise herself as she recounts her experience. This is a small town, and she has done something she could have been fired for. She filmed everything and reported the bank to the government, to be investigated” (para 4). This woman disguises herself in public, assumably because she fears harassment of some kind after she spoke out on gender issues. Women who speak out on gender issues may not be free to move about in public (ET - CODER COMMENT). “But just six months later,...more
Nov. 2, 2023, 2:18 p.m.
Countries: Italy
Variables: IIP-PRACTICE-1
“Brothers of Italy leader Giorgia Meloni has claimed victory in a general election that seems set to install her as Italy’s first female prime minister, leading the most far-right government since the fascist era of Benito Mussolini” (para 1). Meloni's comfortability running for prime minister and being the face of the election indicates women are comfortable in public spaces (ET - CODER COMMENT). “Addressing the media and supporters in the early hours of Monday morning [after the election], Meloni said it was ‘a night of pride for many and a night of redemption... It’s a victory I want to dedicate to everyone who is no longer with us and wanted...more
Variables: IIP-PRACTICE-1
“Brothers of Italy leader Giorgia Meloni has claimed victory in a general election that seems set to install her as Italy’s first female prime minister, leading the most far-right government since the fascist era of Benito Mussolini” (para 1). Meloni's comfortability running for prime minister and being the face of the election indicates women are comfortable in public spaces (ET - CODER COMMENT). “Addressing the media and supporters in the early hours of Monday morning [after the election], Meloni said it was ‘a night of pride for many and a night of redemption... It’s a victory I want to dedicate to everyone who is no longer with us and wanted...more
Oct. 10, 2023, 2:40 p.m.
Countries: Iran
Variables: IIP-PRACTICE-1
"Iranian police have arrested several teenage girls for not wearing headscarves at a skateboarding day along with some of the event's organisers in the southern city of Shiraz, state media reported Friday. A number of girls 'removed their hijab at the end of the sports event without observing the religious considerations and legal norms', state news agency IRNA quoted Shiraz police chief Faraj Shojaee as saying" (para 1-2). "The 'Go Skateboarding Day' event in Shiraz, Iran, prompted outrage among conservative religious authorities due to teenagers mixing freely and teenage girls not wearing headscarves"(para 6). "Iranian media on Sunday reported that police had arrested 120 people for alleged 'criminal acts' including...more
Variables: IIP-PRACTICE-1
"Iranian police have arrested several teenage girls for not wearing headscarves at a skateboarding day along with some of the event's organisers in the southern city of Shiraz, state media reported Friday. A number of girls 'removed their hijab at the end of the sports event without observing the religious considerations and legal norms', state news agency IRNA quoted Shiraz police chief Faraj Shojaee as saying" (para 1-2). "The 'Go Skateboarding Day' event in Shiraz, Iran, prompted outrage among conservative religious authorities due to teenagers mixing freely and teenage girls not wearing headscarves"(para 6). "Iranian media on Sunday reported that police had arrested 120 people for alleged 'criminal acts' including...more
Sept. 25, 2023, 10:51 a.m.
Countries: Turkmenistan
Variables: IIP-PRACTICE-1
"The first national report on domestic violence against women, published by UNFPA in August 2022, found that 58% of women aged 15-49 believe that violating the restrictions and obligations imposed by a spouse is sufficient reason for a husband to beat his wife. The most common form of spousal control is preventing women from leaving the house without permission. The second most common is banning women from working or studying outside the home. According to the study, 41% of women have encountered at least one type of controlling behaviour from their husband or partner in their lives." (para.9).
Variables: IIP-PRACTICE-1
"The first national report on domestic violence against women, published by UNFPA in August 2022, found that 58% of women aged 15-49 believe that violating the restrictions and obligations imposed by a spouse is sufficient reason for a husband to beat his wife. The most common form of spousal control is preventing women from leaving the house without permission. The second most common is banning women from working or studying outside the home. According to the study, 41% of women have encountered at least one type of controlling behaviour from their husband or partner in their lives." (para.9).
Sept. 25, 2023, 8:02 a.m.
Countries: Guyana
Variables: IIP-PRACTICE-1
"The government did not restrict or disrupt access to the internet or censor online content" (5). "The law provides for freedom of internal movement, foreign travel, emigration, and repatriation, and the government generally respected these rights" (6).
Variables: IIP-PRACTICE-1
"The government did not restrict or disrupt access to the internet or censor online content" (5). "The law provides for freedom of internal movement, foreign travel, emigration, and repatriation, and the government generally respected these rights" (6).
Sept. 22, 2023, 8:51 a.m.
Countries: Angola
Variables: IIP-PRACTICE-1
"The constitution and law provide for freedom of internal movement, foreign travel, emigration, and repatriation. The government at times restricted these rights" (12).
Variables: IIP-PRACTICE-1
"The constitution and law provide for freedom of internal movement, foreign travel, emigration, and repatriation. The government at times restricted these rights" (12).
Sept. 8, 2023, 3:10 p.m.
Countries: Afghanistan
Variables: IIP-PRACTICE-1, IIP-LAW-1
"In November, women were banned from parks, gyms and public baths in the capital" (para 26). "Prior to Tuesday's announcement [banning women from attending university], universities had already been operating under discriminatory rules for women since the Taliban takeover in 2021. There were gender segregated entrances and classrooms, and female students could only be taught by women professors or old men" (para 31-32).
Variables: IIP-PRACTICE-1, IIP-LAW-1
"In November, women were banned from parks, gyms and public baths in the capital" (para 26). "Prior to Tuesday's announcement [banning women from attending university], universities had already been operating under discriminatory rules for women since the Taliban takeover in 2021. There were gender segregated entrances and classrooms, and female students could only be taught by women professors or old men" (para 31-32).
Aug. 15, 2023, 5:22 p.m.
Countries: Bahamas
Variables: IIP-PRACTICE-1
"The government did not restrict access to the internet or censor online content, and there were no credible reports the government monitored private online communications without appropriate legal authorization" (7). "The constitution provides for freedom of internal movement, foreign travel, emigration, and repatriation, and the government generally respected these rights" (8).
Variables: IIP-PRACTICE-1
"The government did not restrict access to the internet or censor online content, and there were no credible reports the government monitored private online communications without appropriate legal authorization" (7). "The constitution provides for freedom of internal movement, foreign travel, emigration, and repatriation, and the government generally respected these rights" (8).
July 30, 2023, 5:25 a.m.
Countries: Saudi Arabia
Variables: IIP-PRACTICE-1
"He also removed some of the legal enforcements of the dreaded guardianship system, which consigned every Saudi woman to the near total control of a male family member...M.B.S. defanged the notorious religious police and ended the mandatory gender segregation they imposed on every public space." (Parag. 6) "The recent reforms [of 2022] mean that if a woman has been born or married into a clan of freethinking men willing to let her do things, the state will not interfere. But for the many Saudi women who lack a benevolent male guardian, there is no remedy. If, for example, a woman’s husband or father doesn’t think she should get her driving...more
Variables: IIP-PRACTICE-1
"He also removed some of the legal enforcements of the dreaded guardianship system, which consigned every Saudi woman to the near total control of a male family member...M.B.S. defanged the notorious religious police and ended the mandatory gender segregation they imposed on every public space." (Parag. 6) "The recent reforms [of 2022] mean that if a woman has been born or married into a clan of freethinking men willing to let her do things, the state will not interfere. But for the many Saudi women who lack a benevolent male guardian, there is no remedy. If, for example, a woman’s husband or father doesn’t think she should get her driving...more
July 12, 2023, 10:28 p.m.
Countries: Saudi Arabia
Variables: IIP-PRACTICE-1
"He also removed some of the legal enforcements of the dreaded guardianship system, which consigned every Saudi woman to the near total control of a male family member...M.B.S. defanged the notorious religious police and ended the mandatory gender segregation they imposed on every public space." (Parag. 6) "The recent reforms [of 2022] mean that if a woman has been born or married into a clan of freethinking men willing to let her do things, the state will not interfere. But for the many Saudi women who lack a benevolent male guardian, there is no remedy. If, for example, a woman’s husband or father doesn’t think she should get her driving...more
Variables: IIP-PRACTICE-1
"He also removed some of the legal enforcements of the dreaded guardianship system, which consigned every Saudi woman to the near total control of a male family member...M.B.S. defanged the notorious religious police and ended the mandatory gender segregation they imposed on every public space." (Parag. 6) "The recent reforms [of 2022] mean that if a woman has been born or married into a clan of freethinking men willing to let her do things, the state will not interfere. But for the many Saudi women who lack a benevolent male guardian, there is no remedy. If, for example, a woman’s husband or father doesn’t think she should get her driving...more
July 10, 2023, 9:26 p.m.
Countries: Maldives
Variables: IIP-PRACTICE-1
"Although occupational segregation continues, the Government’s significant achievement of ensuring near universal primary education and significant increase in girls’ and boys’ secondary and tertiary school level education attainment in the last eight years is only now beginning to impact the shape of the labour force." (21).
Variables: IIP-PRACTICE-1
"Although occupational segregation continues, the Government’s significant achievement of ensuring near universal primary education and significant increase in girls’ and boys’ secondary and tertiary school level education attainment in the last eight years is only now beginning to impact the shape of the labour force." (21).
June 19, 2023, 1:46 p.m.
Countries: Iran
Variables: IIP-PRACTICE-1
"Controlling women's bodies has been a pillar of the Islamic Republic from its inception. After the 1979 revolution, Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini and his disciples passed a draconian hijab law, in 1983, that established a new dress code for women in public. While this law has existed ever since, its rigid application has ebbed and flowed for the past 40 years. Reformist governments discouraged the morality police—the Gasht-e Ershad or 'Guidance Patrol'—from harassing women, while hard-liners did the opposite, viewing this show of force against women as a non-negotiable principle of Iran's theocratic regime. In 2018, after a woman in Tehran was physically beaten by a police officer for 'insufficient hijab,'...more
Variables: IIP-PRACTICE-1
"Controlling women's bodies has been a pillar of the Islamic Republic from its inception. After the 1979 revolution, Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini and his disciples passed a draconian hijab law, in 1983, that established a new dress code for women in public. While this law has existed ever since, its rigid application has ebbed and flowed for the past 40 years. Reformist governments discouraged the morality police—the Gasht-e Ershad or 'Guidance Patrol'—from harassing women, while hard-liners did the opposite, viewing this show of force against women as a non-negotiable principle of Iran's theocratic regime. In 2018, after a woman in Tehran was physically beaten by a police officer for 'insufficient hijab,'...more