Countries: South Korea
Variables: IIP-PRACTICE-1

"[O]ne's hairstyle can become a reason for verbal abuse and accusations of man-hating" (pp 20). "[W]omen cannot talk about gender issues in public spaces" (pp 25).

Countries: Indonesia
Variables: IIP-PRACTICE-1

"Women in parts of the country who are forced or pressured to wear long hijabs and required to wear long skirts instead of long pants risks having their clothes getting caught in motorcycle wheels, particularly if also required to ride side-saddle, as they are in Aceh" (3).

Countries: Syria
Variables: IIP-PRACTICE-1

"Members of these groups forbade women from being in public without a male family member in Idlib city, Ras al-Ayn, Tel Abyad, and Tel Aran" (110).

Countries: Haiti
Variables: IIP-PRACTICE-1

"That fear has rippled across Port-au-Prince. Parents hesitate to send their children to school, worried they could be kidnapped or raped by gangs. By night, the buzzing streets of the city empty" (para 12). "For women especially, going outside the house is a risk. So is fleeing: Gangs use the threat of rape to stop communities from abandoning the areas they control" (para 13). "'Sexual violence is a way to paralyze, to scare people. The minute there’s an increase in sexual violence, everyone stops moving, people don’t go to work because they’re scared,' Michel said. 'It’s a weapon, it’s a way to send a message'" (para 24).

Countries: South Korea
Variables: IIP-PRACTICE-1

“As she wanders through the dark alleys of her local food market, dressed in a black baseball cap, oversized jeans, and a T-shirt, she tries to disguise herself as she recounts her experience. This is a small town, and she has done something she could have been fired for. She filmed everything and reported the bank to the government, to be investigated” (para 4). This woman disguises herself in public, assumably because she fears harassment of some kind after she spoke out on gender issues. Women who speak out on gender issues may not be free to move about in public (ET - CODER COMMENT). “But just six months later,...more

Countries: Iran
Variables: IIP-PRACTICE-1

"Iranian police have arrested several teenage girls for not wearing headscarves at a skateboarding day along with some of the event's organisers in the southern city of Shiraz, state media reported Friday. A number of girls 'removed their hijab at the end of the sports event without observing the religious considerations and legal norms', state news agency IRNA quoted Shiraz police chief Faraj Shojaee as saying" (para 1-2). "The 'Go Skateboarding Day' event in Shiraz, Iran, prompted outrage among conservative religious authorities due to teenagers mixing freely and teenage girls not wearing headscarves"(para 6). "Iranian media on Sunday reported that police had arrested 120 people for alleged 'criminal acts' including...more

Countries: Guyana
Variables: IIP-PRACTICE-1

"The government did not restrict or disrupt access to the internet or censor online content" (5). "The law provides for freedom of internal movement, foreign travel, emigration, and repatriation, and the government generally respected these rights" (6).

Countries: Afghanistan
Variables: IIP-PRACTICE-1, IIP-LAW-1

"In November, women were banned from parks, gyms and public baths in the capital" (para 26). "Prior to Tuesday's announcement [banning women from attending university], universities had already been operating under discriminatory rules for women since the Taliban takeover in 2021. There were gender segregated entrances and classrooms, and female students could only be taught by women professors or old men" (para 31-32).

Countries: Saudi Arabia
Variables: IIP-PRACTICE-1

"He also removed some of the legal enforcements of the dreaded guardianship system, which consigned every Saudi woman to the near total control of a male family member...M.B.S. defanged the notorious religious police and ended the mandatory gender segregation they imposed on every public space." (Parag. 6) "The recent reforms [of 2022] mean that if a woman has been born or married into a clan of freethinking men willing to let her do things, the state will not interfere. But for the many Saudi women who lack a benevolent male guardian, there is no remedy. If, for example, a woman’s husband or father doesn’t think she should get her driving...more

Countries: Maldives
Variables: IIP-PRACTICE-1

"Although occupational segregation continues, the Government’s significant achievement of ensuring near universal primary education and significant increase in girls’ and boys’ secondary and tertiary school level education attainment in the last eight years is only now beginning to impact the shape of the labour force." (21).

Countries: Albania
Variables: IIP-PRACTICE-1

"For many women born in earlier times, exchanging their sexual, reproductive and social identities was a way to enjoy freedoms only men could experience. Becoming a burrnesha allowed women to dress as men, to act as head of the household, to move freely in social situations, and to take on work traditionally open only to men." (Para.8-9).

Countries: Turkmenistan
Variables: IIP-PRACTICE-1

"MARY, Turkmenistan -- Dozens of couples have been detained in the Turkmen city of Mary and taken away in handcuffs for violating 'social norms' by holding hands in public as the government tightens control over women’s everyday lives" (Para. 1). "'I was out with my wife when a police car stopped in front of us and the officers said they were going to take us in for questioning,' a Mary resident said. 'They interrogated us in separate rooms.' The man said he had to call relatives and ask them to bring the couple’s marriage certificate and passports to prove they’re legally married. Despite that, police ordered the husband and wife...more

Countries: Nepal
Variables: IIP-PRACTICE-1

"The GoN has adopted the following measures to eradicate all harmful practices: (a) Persuading changes in people’s attitude and community practices through Behaviour Change Communication (BCC); (b) Criminalization of all forms of harmful traditional practices against women and girls; (c) Launching awareness raising campaigns against harmful practices such as Chhaupadi, child marriage, dowry system and allegations of witchcraft..." (7). "The GoN, in collaboration with civil society organizations, is also running campaign against dowry, witchcraft allegation, Chhaupadi, and child and forced marriages all over the country. The GoN, in line with the order of the Supreme Court of Nepal in 2005, has issued directives to eradicate Chhaupadi practices, mostly prevailing in...more

Countries: Afghanistan
Variables: IIP-PRACTICE-1

"Outside the capital there were some signs that Saturday's announcement was fuelling stricter oversight of women's dress. A doctor in southeastern Afghanistan said Taliban officials had told her not to treat female patients who did not have a male chaperone and were not fully covered" (Para.13-14). "Fahima, a woman living in the western province of Herat, ran a business before the Taliban took over but now must wait for her teenage son to come home from school so she can leave the house with him just to buy groceries. 'I can barely leave home,' she said" (Para.16-17).

Countries: Turkmenistan
Variables: IIP-PRACTICE-1

"[P]olice have detained dozens of women in the street for wearing false nails and eyelashes, or other beauty accessories. Police also hunt for women who they believe might have had lip fillers and other cosmetic adjustments" (para 5). "A decree was issued banning women from occupying the front seats of cars, say reports. Driving licenses for female citizens of the country have not been issued for several years - although there has not yet been an official ban, it is claimed" (para 16-17). Because women are not issued driving licenses, they are very limited in their ability to move about in society (AMC - CODER COMMENT).