Latest items for INFIB-LAW-1
March 18, 2023, 10:20 p.m.
Countries: Ethiopia
Variables: INFIB-LAW-1
“The Government entered a commitment to end child marriage and FGM by 2025…The Strategy has identified three of the most commonly practiced HTPs namely FGM, child marriage and abduction and has developed detailed implementation plan (action plan) for three years” (9, 26).
Variables: INFIB-LAW-1
“The Government entered a commitment to end child marriage and FGM by 2025…The Strategy has identified three of the most commonly practiced HTPs namely FGM, child marriage and abduction and has developed detailed implementation plan (action plan) for three years” (9, 26).
March 8, 2023, 1:43 p.m.
Countries: Montenegro
Variables: INFIB-LAW-1, FSCB-LAW-1
"[T]he acts of female genital mutilation... and forced sterilization of another person in order to prevent their reproduction...were incriminated" (11).
Variables: INFIB-LAW-1, FSCB-LAW-1
"[T]he acts of female genital mutilation... and forced sterilization of another person in order to prevent their reproduction...were incriminated" (11).
March 4, 2023, 7:52 a.m.
Countries: Sierra Leone
Variables: INFIB-LAW-1
"A proposed amendment to the Child Right Act, which has been under review by Sierra Leone’s Ministry of Gender and Children Affairs, would codify cutting as a “harmful practice” and make it illegal to perform the procedure on girls under 18. This is far less than the outright ban than many opponents want. But the path to outlawing the procedure is not a clear one. Powerful individuals and institutions continue to champion the practice — some overtly, some discreetly — on the grounds that it is a key part of Sierra Leone’s culture and values. They often bolster the claim with the assertion that the anti-cutting movement is a Western...more
Variables: INFIB-LAW-1
"A proposed amendment to the Child Right Act, which has been under review by Sierra Leone’s Ministry of Gender and Children Affairs, would codify cutting as a “harmful practice” and make it illegal to perform the procedure on girls under 18. This is far less than the outright ban than many opponents want. But the path to outlawing the procedure is not a clear one. Powerful individuals and institutions continue to champion the practice — some overtly, some discreetly — on the grounds that it is a key part of Sierra Leone’s culture and values. They often bolster the claim with the assertion that the anti-cutting movement is a Western...more
Feb. 8, 2023, 1:06 p.m.
Countries: United Kingdom
Variables: INFIB-LAW-1
"She is still suffering from the consequences of her FGM today. 'I'm experiencing PTSD and complicated intersexual relationships,' she said. 'Before coming to the UK in 2019, I was unable to have a sexual relationship. I finally got therapy here and it helped me understand myself and showed me that I can have a normal relationship. I always need to explain myself to a partner and I need to really take my time. Sometimes I'm unable to say I'm a survivor and that this has happened to me. There is so much pain and shame. It takes a lot of energy to explain FGM to a person and it has...more
Variables: INFIB-LAW-1
"She is still suffering from the consequences of her FGM today. 'I'm experiencing PTSD and complicated intersexual relationships,' she said. 'Before coming to the UK in 2019, I was unable to have a sexual relationship. I finally got therapy here and it helped me understand myself and showed me that I can have a normal relationship. I always need to explain myself to a partner and I need to really take my time. Sometimes I'm unable to say I'm a survivor and that this has happened to me. There is so much pain and shame. It takes a lot of energy to explain FGM to a person and it has...more
Feb. 2, 2023, 1:11 p.m.
Countries: Austria
Variables: INFIB-PRACTICE-1, INFIB-LAW-1
"The Committee notes the following with concern:...(c) The lack of reliable statistics on the number of women who have been subjected to... female genital mutilation. The Committee recommends that the State party:...(b) Continue to combat harmful practices, in particular...female genital mutilation, through awareness-raising and education campaigns within target communities and by prosecuting and adequately punishing perpetrators of such acts; (c) Systematically collect data disaggregated by relevant factors on... female genital mutilation" (14-15).
Variables: INFIB-PRACTICE-1, INFIB-LAW-1
"The Committee notes the following with concern:...(c) The lack of reliable statistics on the number of women who have been subjected to... female genital mutilation. The Committee recommends that the State party:...(b) Continue to combat harmful practices, in particular...female genital mutilation, through awareness-raising and education campaigns within target communities and by prosecuting and adequately punishing perpetrators of such acts; (c) Systematically collect data disaggregated by relevant factors on... female genital mutilation" (14-15).
Dec. 19, 2022, 5:54 p.m.
Countries: Malaysia
Variables: INFIB-LAW-1
"Why does female genital mutilation keep coming up as a headline in the news? And why won’t the government ban the procedure? The issue of female genital mutilation is surprisingly complicated in Malaysia" (para 2). "In November 2018, Health Minister Dr Dzulkefly Ahmad released a statement clarifying that the type of female circumcision practised in Malaysia is not FGM, but instead FGC, female genital cutting, or FC, female circumcision. The Ministry has supposedly also released a guideline to standardise the procedure" (para 14).
Variables: INFIB-LAW-1
"Why does female genital mutilation keep coming up as a headline in the news? And why won’t the government ban the procedure? The issue of female genital mutilation is surprisingly complicated in Malaysia" (para 2). "In November 2018, Health Minister Dr Dzulkefly Ahmad released a statement clarifying that the type of female circumcision practised in Malaysia is not FGM, but instead FGC, female genital cutting, or FC, female circumcision. The Ministry has supposedly also released a guideline to standardise the procedure" (para 14).
Dec. 14, 2022, 2:18 p.m.
Countries: Kenya
Variables: INFIB-LAW-1
In other countries where cutting is practiced in some communities but not in others, girls can find it easier to leave home, she said. In Kenya, for example, there are shelters and organizations that support girls who resist cutting. Sierra Leone, where the hegemony of bondo is still entrenched, has nothing of the sort.
Variables: INFIB-LAW-1
In other countries where cutting is practiced in some communities but not in others, girls can find it easier to leave home, she said. In Kenya, for example, there are shelters and organizations that support girls who resist cutting. Sierra Leone, where the hegemony of bondo is still entrenched, has nothing of the sort.
Dec. 14, 2022, 2:08 p.m.
Countries: Egypt, Ethiopia, Senegal, Somalia
Variables: INFIB-PRACTICE-1, INFIB-LAW-1
Laws against cutting have had uneven enforcement and mixed results. Some countries, such as Egypt and Ethiopia, have seen rates fall dramatically. But in others, such as Senegal and Somalia, the decline has been negligible. Globally, the number of girls at risk of being cut continues to grow, because countries without laws or enforcement against cutting have large and rapidly growing youth populations
Variables: INFIB-PRACTICE-1, INFIB-LAW-1
Laws against cutting have had uneven enforcement and mixed results. Some countries, such as Egypt and Ethiopia, have seen rates fall dramatically. But in others, such as Senegal and Somalia, the decline has been negligible. Globally, the number of girls at risk of being cut continues to grow, because countries without laws or enforcement against cutting have large and rapidly growing youth populations
Dec. 14, 2022, 2 p.m.
Countries: Sierra Leone
Variables: INFIB-LAW-1
"A proposed amendment to the Child Right Act, which has been under review by Sierra Leone’s Ministry of Gender and Children Affairs, would codify cutting as a “harmful practice” and make it illegal to perform the procedure on girls under 18. This is far less than the outright ban than many opponents want. But the path to outlawing the procedure is not a clear one. Powerful individuals and institutions continue to champion the practice — some overtly, some discreetly — on the grounds that it is a key part of Sierra Leone’s culture and values. They often bolster the claim with the assertion that the anti-cutting movement is a Western...more
Variables: INFIB-LAW-1
"A proposed amendment to the Child Right Act, which has been under review by Sierra Leone’s Ministry of Gender and Children Affairs, would codify cutting as a “harmful practice” and make it illegal to perform the procedure on girls under 18. This is far less than the outright ban than many opponents want. But the path to outlawing the procedure is not a clear one. Powerful individuals and institutions continue to champion the practice — some overtly, some discreetly — on the grounds that it is a key part of Sierra Leone’s culture and values. They often bolster the claim with the assertion that the anti-cutting movement is a Western...more
Oct. 7, 2022, 4:17 p.m.
Countries: Portugal
Variables: INFIB-LAW-1
"FGM/C is a crime punishable under the law" (12).
Variables: INFIB-LAW-1
"FGM/C is a crime punishable under the law" (12).
July 6, 2022, 10:35 a.m.
Countries: Djibouti
Variables: INFIB-LAW-1
"Increasing the punishment for female genital mutilation, which has been a criminal offence since 2009. Setting up a mobile legal brigade to combat female genital mutilation" (11). "Specific measures adopted by the Government as part of a strategy to accelerate the achievement of substantive equality between men and women, particularly in the areas of education, justice and decision-making, include the enactment of a new law on the protection and prevention of violence against women, as well as other measures to combat female genital mutilation, trafficking and prostitution" (12). "Since female genital mutilation is a major concern in Djibouti, the policy of eradicating all forms of female genital mutilation is part...more
Variables: INFIB-LAW-1
"Increasing the punishment for female genital mutilation, which has been a criminal offence since 2009. Setting up a mobile legal brigade to combat female genital mutilation" (11). "Specific measures adopted by the Government as part of a strategy to accelerate the achievement of substantive equality between men and women, particularly in the areas of education, justice and decision-making, include the enactment of a new law on the protection and prevention of violence against women, as well as other measures to combat female genital mutilation, trafficking and prostitution" (12). "Since female genital mutilation is a major concern in Djibouti, the policy of eradicating all forms of female genital mutilation is part...more
July 1, 2022, 11:06 a.m.
Countries: Indonesia
Variables: INFIB-LAW-1
"The government has revoked the MoH Regulation No. 1636/2010 on Female Circumcision by issuing MoH Regulation No. 6/2014. The latest regulation prohibits all medical practitioners from conducting FGM/C procedures" (19). "Raising awareness and advocacy are key in the effort to eliminate FGM/C. Indonesia has intensified efforts in conducting awareness programs among the medical and health workers, parents, community and religious leaders to prevent FGM/C practice on the ground. MoWECP has also intensified efforts to gather support to stop the practice of FGM/C by engaging community leaders, in particular religious communities, on the issue. A series of workshops in cooperation with NHRI has been done to formulate concrete strategies and programs...more
Variables: INFIB-LAW-1
"The government has revoked the MoH Regulation No. 1636/2010 on Female Circumcision by issuing MoH Regulation No. 6/2014. The latest regulation prohibits all medical practitioners from conducting FGM/C procedures" (19). "Raising awareness and advocacy are key in the effort to eliminate FGM/C. Indonesia has intensified efforts in conducting awareness programs among the medical and health workers, parents, community and religious leaders to prevent FGM/C practice on the ground. MoWECP has also intensified efforts to gather support to stop the practice of FGM/C by engaging community leaders, in particular religious communities, on the issue. A series of workshops in cooperation with NHRI has been done to formulate concrete strategies and programs...more
June 29, 2022, 11:33 a.m.
Countries: Indonesia
Variables: INFIB-LAW-1
"The Committee notes that Ministry of Health Regulation No. 1636/2010 was replaced by Ministry of Health Regulation No. 6/2014, which explicitly states that female genital mutilation and circumcision are not medical treatments. However, the Committee notes with concern that Ministry of Health Regulation No. 6/2014 does not prohibit female genital mutilation or impose sanctions on those who perform it" (6). "[The Committee] recommends that the State party: (a) Criminalize all forms of female genital mutilation, ensuring that such criminalization cannot be overruled by fatwas or other rulings issued by religious or clerical authorities" (6). This recommendation indicates that such laws are not yet in place (SFR - CODER COMMENT).more
Variables: INFIB-LAW-1
"The Committee notes that Ministry of Health Regulation No. 1636/2010 was replaced by Ministry of Health Regulation No. 6/2014, which explicitly states that female genital mutilation and circumcision are not medical treatments. However, the Committee notes with concern that Ministry of Health Regulation No. 6/2014 does not prohibit female genital mutilation or impose sanctions on those who perform it" (6). "[The Committee] recommends that the State party: (a) Criminalize all forms of female genital mutilation, ensuring that such criminalization cannot be overruled by fatwas or other rulings issued by religious or clerical authorities" (6). This recommendation indicates that such laws are not yet in place (SFR - CODER COMMENT).more
June 21, 2022, 8:35 a.m.
Countries: United Kingdom
Variables: INFIB-PRACTICE-1, INFIB-LAW-1
"The Committee commends the State party on the introduction of a mandatory reporting duty, which came into force in October 2015, requiring health-care and social-care professionals and teachers to report all known cases of female genital mutilation in girls under 18 years of age to the police. It also welcomes the first conviction for female genital mutilation in February 2019" (8).
Variables: INFIB-PRACTICE-1, INFIB-LAW-1
"The Committee commends the State party on the introduction of a mandatory reporting duty, which came into force in October 2015, requiring health-care and social-care professionals and teachers to report all known cases of female genital mutilation in girls under 18 years of age to the police. It also welcomes the first conviction for female genital mutilation in February 2019" (8).
May 30, 2022, 9:08 p.m.
Countries: Switzerland
Variables: INFIB-LAW-1
"A criminal provision on female genital mutilation came into force on 1 July 2012. Under article 124 of the Criminal Code, any person who mutilates the genitals of a female person, impairs their natural function seriously and permanently or damages them in some other way is liable to a custodial sentence not exceeding ten years. Paragraph 2 provides that any person who has committed the offence abroad but is now in Switzerland and is not extradited is liable to the foregoing penalties" (18).
Variables: INFIB-LAW-1
"A criminal provision on female genital mutilation came into force on 1 July 2012. Under article 124 of the Criminal Code, any person who mutilates the genitals of a female person, impairs their natural function seriously and permanently or damages them in some other way is liable to a custodial sentence not exceeding ten years. Paragraph 2 provides that any person who has committed the offence abroad but is now in Switzerland and is not extradited is liable to the foregoing penalties" (18).
April 29, 2022, 5:43 p.m.
Countries: Russia
Variables: INFIB-LAW-1
"The Committee recalls its previous concluding observations (CEDAW/C/RUS/CO/8, para. 24) and recommends that the State party: (b) Adopt legislation explicitly criminalizing female genital mutilation" (8). This indicates that the laws against FGM are not yet in place (SFR - CODER COMMENT).
Variables: INFIB-LAW-1
"The Committee recalls its previous concluding observations (CEDAW/C/RUS/CO/8, para. 24) and recommends that the State party: (b) Adopt legislation explicitly criminalizing female genital mutilation" (8). This indicates that the laws against FGM are not yet in place (SFR - CODER COMMENT).
March 25, 2022, 8:54 p.m.
Countries: United Arab Emirates
Variables: INFIB-PRACTICE-1, INFIB-LAW-1
"The law does not address FGM/C, although the Ministry of Health prohibits hospitals and clinics from performing the procedure. FGM/C is practiced by some tribal groups and was reportedly declining as a traditional custom, yet little information was available. Foreign residents from countries where FGM/C is prevalent undertook the practice" (27).
Variables: INFIB-PRACTICE-1, INFIB-LAW-1
"The law does not address FGM/C, although the Ministry of Health prohibits hospitals and clinics from performing the procedure. FGM/C is practiced by some tribal groups and was reportedly declining as a traditional custom, yet little information was available. Foreign residents from countries where FGM/C is prevalent undertook the practice" (27).
March 9, 2022, 8:57 a.m.
Countries: Italy
Variables: INFIB-LAW-1
"Through Act of 9 January 2006, No. 7 on, 'Provisions concerning the prevention and prohibition of the practice of female genital mutilation', the Italian Legislator has introduced the necessary measures to prevent, contrast and punish the practice of female genital mutilation, as violation of the fundamental rights to integrity and to health of women and girls" (10). "in August 2006, the Department for Equal Opportunities launched a three-fold program on prevention of female genital mutilation, which included an awareness campaign for immigrants, a risks factors analysis, and cultural mediators training. By Act No. 7 of 9 January 2006 concerning the 'Prevention and the prohibition of female genital mutilation', the perpetrator...more
Variables: INFIB-LAW-1
"Through Act of 9 January 2006, No. 7 on, 'Provisions concerning the prevention and prohibition of the practice of female genital mutilation', the Italian Legislator has introduced the necessary measures to prevent, contrast and punish the practice of female genital mutilation, as violation of the fundamental rights to integrity and to health of women and girls" (10). "in August 2006, the Department for Equal Opportunities launched a three-fold program on prevention of female genital mutilation, which included an awareness campaign for immigrants, a risks factors analysis, and cultural mediators training. By Act No. 7 of 9 January 2006 concerning the 'Prevention and the prohibition of female genital mutilation', the perpetrator...more
Feb. 28, 2022, 3:29 p.m.
Countries: United Kingdom
Variables: INFIB-LAW-1
"The law prohibits FGM/C. The law also requires health and social care professionals and teachers to report to police cases of FGM/C on girls less than 18 years of age. It is also illegal to take a British national or permanent resident abroad for FGM/C or to help someone trying to do this. The penalty is up to 14 years in prison. An FGM protection order, a civil measure that can be applied for through a family court, offers the means of protecting actual or potential victims from FGM/C under the civil law. Breach of an FGM protection order is a criminal offense carrying a sentence of up to five...more
Variables: INFIB-LAW-1
"The law prohibits FGM/C. The law also requires health and social care professionals and teachers to report to police cases of FGM/C on girls less than 18 years of age. It is also illegal to take a British national or permanent resident abroad for FGM/C or to help someone trying to do this. The penalty is up to 14 years in prison. An FGM protection order, a civil measure that can be applied for through a family court, offers the means of protecting actual or potential victims from FGM/C under the civil law. Breach of an FGM protection order is a criminal offense carrying a sentence of up to five...more
Feb. 24, 2022, 10:11 p.m.
Countries: Colombia
Variables: INFIB-PRACTICE-1, INFIB-LAW-1, INFIB-DATA-2
"The law prohibits FGM/C, but isolated incidents were reported in several indigenous communities in different parts of the country. Two-thirds of women from the Embera community had undergone FGM/C, according to the UN Population Fund" (25).
Variables: INFIB-PRACTICE-1, INFIB-LAW-1, INFIB-DATA-2
"The law prohibits FGM/C, but isolated incidents were reported in several indigenous communities in different parts of the country. Two-thirds of women from the Embera community had undergone FGM/C, according to the UN Population Fund" (25).
Feb. 23, 2022, 3:02 p.m.
Countries: Senegal
Variables: INFIB-LAW-1
"The law provides criminal penalties for the perpetration of FGM/C on women and girls" (15).
Variables: INFIB-LAW-1
"The law provides criminal penalties for the perpetration of FGM/C on women and girls" (15).
Feb. 11, 2022, 5 p.m.
Countries: Thailand
Variables: INFIB-LAW-1
"No specific law prohibits this practice [of FGM/C]" (32).
Variables: INFIB-LAW-1
"No specific law prohibits this practice [of FGM/C]" (32).
Feb. 5, 2022, 9:24 a.m.
Countries: Mozambique
Variables: INFIB-LAW-1, INFIB-DATA-2
"The law prohibits FGM/C. FGM/C existed in the country, but NGOs and the government stated the incidence was low. There were no reliable estimates of the numbers of girls and women subjected to FGM/C…" (15).
Variables: INFIB-LAW-1, INFIB-DATA-2
"The law prohibits FGM/C. FGM/C existed in the country, but NGOs and the government stated the incidence was low. There were no reliable estimates of the numbers of girls and women subjected to FGM/C…" (15).
Jan. 24, 2022, 1:07 p.m.
Countries: India
Variables: INFIB-LAW-1
"No national law addresses the practice of FGM/C" (44).
Variables: INFIB-LAW-1
"No national law addresses the practice of FGM/C" (44).
Jan. 24, 2022, 12:55 p.m.
Countries: Djibouti
Variables: INFIB-LAW-1
"The law prohibits FGM/C for girls, and women age 18 and above, but it was a problem. The law also criminalizes those who fail to report a completed or planned FGM/C" (17). "The law sets punishment for conviction of FGM/C at five years’ imprisonment and a fine of one million DJF ($5,650), and nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) may file charges on behalf of victims. The law also provides for up to one year’s imprisonment and a fine of up to 100,000 DJF ($565) for anyone convicted of failing to report a completed or planned FGM/C to the proper authorities" (17). "The government continued efforts to end FGM/C with a high-profile national...more
Variables: INFIB-LAW-1
"The law prohibits FGM/C for girls, and women age 18 and above, but it was a problem. The law also criminalizes those who fail to report a completed or planned FGM/C" (17). "The law sets punishment for conviction of FGM/C at five years’ imprisonment and a fine of one million DJF ($5,650), and nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) may file charges on behalf of victims. The law also provides for up to one year’s imprisonment and a fine of up to 100,000 DJF ($565) for anyone convicted of failing to report a completed or planned FGM/C to the proper authorities" (17). "The government continued efforts to end FGM/C with a high-profile national...more
Jan. 21, 2022, 9:22 p.m.
Countries: Mauritania
Variables: INFIB-LAW-1
"The law states that any act or attempt to damage a girl’s sexual organs is punishable by imprisonment and a fine of 12,000 to 30,000 ouguiyas ($333 to $833)" (16).
Variables: INFIB-LAW-1
"The law states that any act or attempt to damage a girl’s sexual organs is punishable by imprisonment and a fine of 12,000 to 30,000 ouguiyas ($333 to $833)" (16).
Jan. 13, 2022, 10:29 a.m.
Countries: Kenya
Variables: INFIB-LAW-1
"The law makes it illegal to practice FGM/C, procure the services of someone who practices FGM/C, or send a person out of the country to undergo the procedure.The law also makes it illegal to make derogatory remarks about a woman who has not undergone FGM/C"(37).
Variables: INFIB-LAW-1
"The law makes it illegal to practice FGM/C, procure the services of someone who practices FGM/C, or send a person out of the country to undergo the procedure.The law also makes it illegal to make derogatory remarks about a woman who has not undergone FGM/C"(37).
Dec. 20, 2021, 11:19 a.m.
Countries: Belgium
Variables: INFIB-PRACTICE-1, INFIB-LAW-1, INFIB-DATA-2
"The law prohibits FGM/C for women and girls, and it was not a widespread practice in the country. Reported cases were primarily filed by recent immigrants or asylum seekers. Criminal sanctions apply to persons convicted of FGM/C. According to 2017 estimates, there were more than 17,000 female minor and adult victims of FGM/C in the country, while more than 8,000 were at risk. The vast majority of potential victims were asylum seekers from Guinea, Somalia, Cote d’Ivoire, and Egypt" (9).
Variables: INFIB-PRACTICE-1, INFIB-LAW-1, INFIB-DATA-2
"The law prohibits FGM/C for women and girls, and it was not a widespread practice in the country. Reported cases were primarily filed by recent immigrants or asylum seekers. Criminal sanctions apply to persons convicted of FGM/C. According to 2017 estimates, there were more than 17,000 female minor and adult victims of FGM/C in the country, while more than 8,000 were at risk. The vast majority of potential victims were asylum seekers from Guinea, Somalia, Cote d’Ivoire, and Egypt" (9).
Dec. 17, 2021, 6:27 p.m.
Countries: Cote D'Ivoire
Variables: INFIB-LAW-1
"The law specifically forbids FGM/C and provides penalties for practitioners of up to five years’ imprisonment and fines of 360,000 to two million CFA francs ($610 to $3,400). Double penalties apply to medical practitioners, including doctors, nurses, and medical technicians" (19).
Variables: INFIB-LAW-1
"The law specifically forbids FGM/C and provides penalties for practitioners of up to five years’ imprisonment and fines of 360,000 to two million CFA francs ($610 to $3,400). Double penalties apply to medical practitioners, including doctors, nurses, and medical technicians" (19).
Dec. 10, 2021, 5:27 p.m.
Countries: Russia
Variables: INFIB-LAW-1
"The law does not specifically prohibit FGM/C" (55).
Variables: INFIB-LAW-1
"The law does not specifically prohibit FGM/C" (55).