Latest items for INFIB-PRACTICE-1
Aug. 24, 2023, 1:08 a.m.
Countries: Cape Verde
Variables: INFIB-PRACTICE-1
"[There may be] potential practice [of FGM] within migrant communities" (14).
Variables: INFIB-PRACTICE-1
"[There may be] potential practice [of FGM] within migrant communities" (14).
Aug. 8, 2023, 12:20 p.m.
Countries: Senegal
Variables: INFIB-PRACTICE-1, INFIB-DATA-2
"Efforts in the field of women’s rights have focused on empowering women and combating sexual and marital violence. The Government has therefore set up gender units within the various ministries in order to develop a culture of women’s rights within the Administration. However, obstacles remain, in the form of cultural, religious and economic pressures, including the following:...Persistent sociocultural and religious constraints that resulted in a slight decrease in the prevalence rate of FGM for girls up to 14 years of age. This rate once again decreased slightly between 2012 (18 percent) and 2017 (14 percent), before stabilizing at 14 percent in the past two years (2016 and 2017); Lack of...more
Variables: INFIB-PRACTICE-1, INFIB-DATA-2
"Efforts in the field of women’s rights have focused on empowering women and combating sexual and marital violence. The Government has therefore set up gender units within the various ministries in order to develop a culture of women’s rights within the Administration. However, obstacles remain, in the form of cultural, religious and economic pressures, including the following:...Persistent sociocultural and religious constraints that resulted in a slight decrease in the prevalence rate of FGM for girls up to 14 years of age. This rate once again decreased slightly between 2012 (18 percent) and 2017 (14 percent), before stabilizing at 14 percent in the past two years (2016 and 2017); Lack of...more
June 27, 2023, 11:16 p.m.
Countries: Algeria
Variables: INFIB-PRACTICE-1
"Female Genital Mutilation and Cutting (FGM/C) was not generally practiced in the country but was widely present among immigrant communities in southern sectors, particularly among Sub-Saharan African migrant groups. While this abuse is considered a criminal offense punishable by up to 25 years in prison, there were no reports of any related convictions, nor any official pronouncements by religious or secular leaders proscribing the practice" (28-29).
Variables: INFIB-PRACTICE-1
"Female Genital Mutilation and Cutting (FGM/C) was not generally practiced in the country but was widely present among immigrant communities in southern sectors, particularly among Sub-Saharan African migrant groups. While this abuse is considered a criminal offense punishable by up to 25 years in prison, there were no reports of any related convictions, nor any official pronouncements by religious or secular leaders proscribing the practice" (28-29).
June 26, 2023, 6:46 p.m.
Countries: Kenya
Variables: INFIB-PRACTICE-1
"Lilian Kemunto, a former surgical nurse, set it up after she retired in 2018. She mainly does health check-ups but has also offered female genital mutilation (FGM) services on request. Kemunto has performed cuts since the 90s, after receiving training in basic surgical techniques from male colleagues in the local hospital where she worked. She would do the cuts in the hospital at night, but it was risky, she says, because management didn’t approve. 'They would tell us: ‘Just do it, but if you’re caught, you’re on your own.’ ' " (para.2-3). "The services are in high demand over the December holidays, when the community traditionally perform the rite of...more
Variables: INFIB-PRACTICE-1
"Lilian Kemunto, a former surgical nurse, set it up after she retired in 2018. She mainly does health check-ups but has also offered female genital mutilation (FGM) services on request. Kemunto has performed cuts since the 90s, after receiving training in basic surgical techniques from male colleagues in the local hospital where she worked. She would do the cuts in the hospital at night, but it was risky, she says, because management didn’t approve. 'They would tell us: ‘Just do it, but if you’re caught, you’re on your own.’ ' " (para.2-3). "The services are in high demand over the December holidays, when the community traditionally perform the rite of...more
March 31, 2023, 2:31 p.m.
Countries: Egypt
Variables: INFIB-PRACTICE-1, LRW-PRACTICE-1
"[The state does not] effectively investigate and prosecute cases of harassment and female genital mutilation" (7).
Variables: INFIB-PRACTICE-1, LRW-PRACTICE-1
"[The state does not] effectively investigate and prosecute cases of harassment and female genital mutilation" (7).
March 18, 2023, 10:20 p.m.
Countries: Ethiopia
Variables: INFIB-PRACTICE-1
"The Ministry established a “National Alliance to End Child Marriage and FGM” consisting of all concerned stakeholders in order to implement the strategic interventions set out in the National Strategy” (26).
Variables: INFIB-PRACTICE-1
"The Ministry established a “National Alliance to End Child Marriage and FGM” consisting of all concerned stakeholders in order to implement the strategic interventions set out in the National Strategy” (26).
March 4, 2023, 7:52 a.m.
Countries: Sierra Leone
Variables: INFIB-PRACTICE-1
"Ms. Bangura, 18, left home almost five years ago, after her parents gave her a choice: to be initiated in a ceremony centered on genital cutting, or leave. The ceremony allows entrance to bondo, or 'the society,' a term for the gender-and-ethnicity-based groups that control much of life here. 'My mom said, ‘If you won’t do bondo, you have to go,' Ms. Bangura said, her voice low but her chin defiantly raised. The choice cut her off from her family’s financial support and left her unable to pay for further education or to marry" (Para. 2-3). "For more than two decades, there has been a push across the developing world...more
Variables: INFIB-PRACTICE-1
"Ms. Bangura, 18, left home almost five years ago, after her parents gave her a choice: to be initiated in a ceremony centered on genital cutting, or leave. The ceremony allows entrance to bondo, or 'the society,' a term for the gender-and-ethnicity-based groups that control much of life here. 'My mom said, ‘If you won’t do bondo, you have to go,' Ms. Bangura said, her voice low but her chin defiantly raised. The choice cut her off from her family’s financial support and left her unable to pay for further education or to marry" (Para. 2-3). "For more than two decades, there has been a push across the developing world...more
Feb. 8, 2023, 1:06 p.m.
Countries: United Kingdom
Variables: INFIB-PRACTICE-1
"Ms Kamel, who wants to raise awareness about the issue so others don't suffer the same consequences like her and the over 30,000 other affected women in the UK, said: 'She told me we were going on a summer vacation, but she had arranged to do this to me, encouraged by her friends and other mothers." (para 4). "Ms Kamel said her mother never gave her a proper explanation why she had to have the circumcision, but added: 'She said that this is something we all do for all girls, so every woman has to go through it.' She said 'it's good for my future when I get married.'" (para...more
Variables: INFIB-PRACTICE-1
"Ms Kamel, who wants to raise awareness about the issue so others don't suffer the same consequences like her and the over 30,000 other affected women in the UK, said: 'She told me we were going on a summer vacation, but she had arranged to do this to me, encouraged by her friends and other mothers." (para 4). "Ms Kamel said her mother never gave her a proper explanation why she had to have the circumcision, but added: 'She said that this is something we all do for all girls, so every woman has to go through it.' She said 'it's good for my future when I get married.'" (para...more
Feb. 2, 2023, 1:11 p.m.
Countries: Austria
Variables: INFIB-PRACTICE-1, INFIB-LAW-1
"The Committee notes the following with concern:...(c) The lack of reliable statistics on the number of women who have been subjected to... female genital mutilation. The Committee recommends that the State party:...(b) Continue to combat harmful practices, in particular...female genital mutilation, through awareness-raising and education campaigns within target communities and by prosecuting and adequately punishing perpetrators of such acts; (c) Systematically collect data disaggregated by relevant factors on... female genital mutilation" (14-15).
Variables: INFIB-PRACTICE-1, INFIB-LAW-1
"The Committee notes the following with concern:...(c) The lack of reliable statistics on the number of women who have been subjected to... female genital mutilation. The Committee recommends that the State party:...(b) Continue to combat harmful practices, in particular...female genital mutilation, through awareness-raising and education campaigns within target communities and by prosecuting and adequately punishing perpetrators of such acts; (c) Systematically collect data disaggregated by relevant factors on... female genital mutilation" (14-15).
Dec. 19, 2022, 5:54 p.m.
Countries: Malaysia
Variables: INFIB-PRACTICE-1
"Malaysian supporters of FGM also argue that FGM is obligatory under Shafii Islamic school of thought" (para 31). "Since the fatwa issued by JAKIM in 2009, the practice is increasingly being performed by medical professionals in clinics who decided to conduct the procedure themselves to minimise health risks instead of leaving families to perform it outside of a safe environment" (para 35). "So far, there have not been any reports of Muslim babies undergoing the procedure facing any health complications. Some adult women who had FGM done as a baby say that the procedure does not have any effect on their sexual life. While some doctors have decided to perform...more
Variables: INFIB-PRACTICE-1
"Malaysian supporters of FGM also argue that FGM is obligatory under Shafii Islamic school of thought" (para 31). "Since the fatwa issued by JAKIM in 2009, the practice is increasingly being performed by medical professionals in clinics who decided to conduct the procedure themselves to minimise health risks instead of leaving families to perform it outside of a safe environment" (para 35). "So far, there have not been any reports of Muslim babies undergoing the procedure facing any health complications. Some adult women who had FGM done as a baby say that the procedure does not have any effect on their sexual life. While some doctors have decided to perform...more
Dec. 19, 2022, 5:53 p.m.
Countries: Malaysia
Variables: INFIB-PRACTICE-1
"In Malaysia, female circumcision has been traditionally carried out by Mak Bidans, each one practising their own version of the procedure using everyday tools such as blade cutters and kitchen ingredients as antiseptic" (para 1, 34). "Besides being prevalent, many Muslims in the country view FGM as a religious obligation, especially since it is apparently encouraged by religious authorities in Malaysia. Several reports mention that the National Council of Islamic Religious Affairs (JAKIM) introduced a fatwa in 2009 stating that the practice is wajib (obligatory) for all Muslim woman, as long as a medical practitioner has deemed that it would not be harmful" (para 11-12).
Variables: INFIB-PRACTICE-1
"In Malaysia, female circumcision has been traditionally carried out by Mak Bidans, each one practising their own version of the procedure using everyday tools such as blade cutters and kitchen ingredients as antiseptic" (para 1, 34). "Besides being prevalent, many Muslims in the country view FGM as a religious obligation, especially since it is apparently encouraged by religious authorities in Malaysia. Several reports mention that the National Council of Islamic Religious Affairs (JAKIM) introduced a fatwa in 2009 stating that the practice is wajib (obligatory) for all Muslim woman, as long as a medical practitioner has deemed that it would not be harmful" (para 11-12).
Dec. 19, 2022, 12:53 p.m.
Countries: Bulgaria
Variables: INFIB-PRACTICE-1
“Between half a percent and 13% of the Bulgarian population confess that they know about forms of honour related violence in their own family or other families they keep in touch with. The most common is the most fluid form of violence - restrictions of social contacts with friends, relatives and others done as a preventive measure to avoid the risk that someone might tarnish family honour, stated by 13% of the Bulgarians. Respectively, the least common 10 are the most hurtful forms of violence which are characterised by extreme cruelty like murder attempts, acid attacks due to tarnished family honour or female genital mutilation.” (9-10).
Variables: INFIB-PRACTICE-1
“Between half a percent and 13% of the Bulgarian population confess that they know about forms of honour related violence in their own family or other families they keep in touch with. The most common is the most fluid form of violence - restrictions of social contacts with friends, relatives and others done as a preventive measure to avoid the risk that someone might tarnish family honour, stated by 13% of the Bulgarians. Respectively, the least common 10 are the most hurtful forms of violence which are characterised by extreme cruelty like murder attempts, acid attacks due to tarnished family honour or female genital mutilation.” (9-10).
Dec. 14, 2022, 2:08 p.m.
Countries: Egypt, Ethiopia, Senegal, Somalia
Variables: INFIB-PRACTICE-1, INFIB-LAW-1
Laws against cutting have had uneven enforcement and mixed results. Some countries, such as Egypt and Ethiopia, have seen rates fall dramatically. But in others, such as Senegal and Somalia, the decline has been negligible. Globally, the number of girls at risk of being cut continues to grow, because countries without laws or enforcement against cutting have large and rapidly growing youth populations
Variables: INFIB-PRACTICE-1, INFIB-LAW-1
Laws against cutting have had uneven enforcement and mixed results. Some countries, such as Egypt and Ethiopia, have seen rates fall dramatically. But in others, such as Senegal and Somalia, the decline has been negligible. Globally, the number of girls at risk of being cut continues to grow, because countries without laws or enforcement against cutting have large and rapidly growing youth populations
Dec. 14, 2022, 2 p.m.
Countries: Sierra Leone
Variables: INFIB-PRACTICE-1
"Ms. Bangura, 18, left home almost five years ago, after her parents gave her a choice: to be initiated in a ceremony centered on genital cutting, or leave. The ceremony allows entrance to bondo, or 'the society,' a term for the gender-and-ethnicity-based groups that control much of life here. 'My mom said, ‘If you won’t do bondo, you have to go,' Ms. Bangura said, her voice low but her chin defiantly raised. The choice cut her off from her family’s financial support and left her unable to pay for further education or to marry" (Para. 2-3). "For more than two decades, there has been a push across the developing world...more
Variables: INFIB-PRACTICE-1
"Ms. Bangura, 18, left home almost five years ago, after her parents gave her a choice: to be initiated in a ceremony centered on genital cutting, or leave. The ceremony allows entrance to bondo, or 'the society,' a term for the gender-and-ethnicity-based groups that control much of life here. 'My mom said, ‘If you won’t do bondo, you have to go,' Ms. Bangura said, her voice low but her chin defiantly raised. The choice cut her off from her family’s financial support and left her unable to pay for further education or to marry" (Para. 2-3). "For more than two decades, there has been a push across the developing world...more
Oct. 7, 2022, 4:17 p.m.
Countries: Portugal
Variables: INFIB-PRACTICE-1
"The State Secretariat for Citizenship and Equality reported that some immigrant communities practiced FGM/C on young girls, particularly among Bissau-Guinean immigrants. According to the government’s Healthy Practices Project to prevent and combat FGM/C, the country flagged 101 cases of possible FGM/C in 2020, down from 129 in 2019. Since authorities began collecting FGM/C statistics in 2014, there have been only three confirmed cases of FGM/C performed in the country. The remaining cases were performed in the immigrants’ countries of origin" (12). "On October 1, the government allocated 60,000 euros ($69,000) to nine civil society organizations for new projects to prevent and combat FGM/C. The projects focus on encouraging girls and...more
Variables: INFIB-PRACTICE-1
"The State Secretariat for Citizenship and Equality reported that some immigrant communities practiced FGM/C on young girls, particularly among Bissau-Guinean immigrants. According to the government’s Healthy Practices Project to prevent and combat FGM/C, the country flagged 101 cases of possible FGM/C in 2020, down from 129 in 2019. Since authorities began collecting FGM/C statistics in 2014, there have been only three confirmed cases of FGM/C performed in the country. The remaining cases were performed in the immigrants’ countries of origin" (12). "On October 1, the government allocated 60,000 euros ($69,000) to nine civil society organizations for new projects to prevent and combat FGM/C. The projects focus on encouraging girls and...more
Aug. 18, 2022, 5:18 p.m.
Countries: United Kingdom
Variables: INFIB-PRACTICE-1
"Police have arrested three people on suspicion of involvement in female genital mutilation at an unregistered school in Birmingham. Officers raided the premises and were pictured taking away bags of evidence including computers on Tuesday. Three people including two men aged 32 and 61 have been arrested after Ofsted inspectors found a locked room with a bed and medical equipment at the unregistered school." (1,2,3)
Variables: INFIB-PRACTICE-1
"Police have arrested three people on suspicion of involvement in female genital mutilation at an unregistered school in Birmingham. Officers raided the premises and were pictured taking away bags of evidence including computers on Tuesday. Three people including two men aged 32 and 61 have been arrested after Ofsted inspectors found a locked room with a bed and medical equipment at the unregistered school." (1,2,3)
July 1, 2022, 11:06 a.m.
Countries: Indonesia
Variables: INFIB-PRACTICE-1
"FGM/C is part of a long-held tradition and belief which has been passed down through generations of families and communities, which mostly done by tradition and is carried out symbolically. Even with the prohibition by ministerial decree and health workers and Health Service Facilities do not promote FGM/C, there are still demand for female circumcision in some society" (19).
Variables: INFIB-PRACTICE-1
"FGM/C is part of a long-held tradition and belief which has been passed down through generations of families and communities, which mostly done by tradition and is carried out symbolically. Even with the prohibition by ministerial decree and health workers and Health Service Facilities do not promote FGM/C, there are still demand for female circumcision in some society" (19).
June 21, 2022, 8:35 a.m.
Countries: United Kingdom
Variables: INFIB-PRACTICE-1, INFIB-LAW-1
"The Committee commends the State party on the introduction of a mandatory reporting duty, which came into force in October 2015, requiring health-care and social-care professionals and teachers to report all known cases of female genital mutilation in girls under 18 years of age to the police. It also welcomes the first conviction for female genital mutilation in February 2019" (8).
Variables: INFIB-PRACTICE-1, INFIB-LAW-1
"The Committee commends the State party on the introduction of a mandatory reporting duty, which came into force in October 2015, requiring health-care and social-care professionals and teachers to report all known cases of female genital mutilation in girls under 18 years of age to the police. It also welcomes the first conviction for female genital mutilation in February 2019" (8).
June 3, 2022, 4:56 p.m.
Countries: Somalia
Variables: INFIB-PRACTICE-1, LRW-PRACTICE-1
"Due to this, there has been an increase in women societal problems such as FGM, child marriages, sexual assault or rape cases, and so on" (27).
Variables: INFIB-PRACTICE-1, LRW-PRACTICE-1
"Due to this, there has been an increase in women societal problems such as FGM, child marriages, sexual assault or rape cases, and so on" (27).
May 30, 2022, 9:08 p.m.
Countries: Switzerland
Variables: INFIB-PRACTICE-1
"For several years, Switzerland has been admitting an increasing number of women from countries where female genital mutilation (FGM) is practised. It may be supposed, therefore, that the number of women and girls affected by or threatened with excision is also increasing. According to a statistical estimate, the Swiss residents affected are mainly from Eritrea, Somalia, Ethiopia and Egypt" (18).
Variables: INFIB-PRACTICE-1
"For several years, Switzerland has been admitting an increasing number of women from countries where female genital mutilation (FGM) is practised. It may be supposed, therefore, that the number of women and girls affected by or threatened with excision is also increasing. According to a statistical estimate, the Swiss residents affected are mainly from Eritrea, Somalia, Ethiopia and Egypt" (18).
April 29, 2022, 5:43 p.m.
Countries: Russia
Variables: INFIB-PRACTICE-1
"The Committee is deeply concerned about the prevalence of harmful practices against women and girls in the North Caucasus region, including... female gentile mutilation [sic]. It notes with concern the lack of effective implementation of federal legislation on the investigation, prosecution and punishment of such crimes against women in the region" (7-8).
Variables: INFIB-PRACTICE-1
"The Committee is deeply concerned about the prevalence of harmful practices against women and girls in the North Caucasus region, including... female gentile mutilation [sic]. It notes with concern the lack of effective implementation of federal legislation on the investigation, prosecution and punishment of such crimes against women in the region" (7-8).
March 25, 2022, 8:54 p.m.
Countries: United Arab Emirates
Variables: INFIB-PRACTICE-1, INFIB-LAW-1
"The law does not address FGM/C, although the Ministry of Health prohibits hospitals and clinics from performing the procedure. FGM/C is practiced by some tribal groups and was reportedly declining as a traditional custom, yet little information was available. Foreign residents from countries where FGM/C is prevalent undertook the practice" (27).
Variables: INFIB-PRACTICE-1, INFIB-LAW-1
"The law does not address FGM/C, although the Ministry of Health prohibits hospitals and clinics from performing the procedure. FGM/C is practiced by some tribal groups and was reportedly declining as a traditional custom, yet little information was available. Foreign residents from countries where FGM/C is prevalent undertook the practice" (27).
March 19, 2022, 9:15 p.m.
Countries: Liberia
Variables: INFIB-PRACTICE-1
"A UN report released today documents the negative impact on human rights of some traditional and cultural practices in Liberia, including female genital mutilation, forced initiation into secret societies, accusations of witchcraft, trials by ordeal and ritualistic killing" (para 1). "Some 58 per cent of Liberian women and girls have undergone female genital mutilation (FGM), a practice widely used by a secret society called Sande, says the report. Women and girls from poor households are twice likely to experience FGM than those from wealthy ones.The report stresses the negative consequences of FGM, which is generally performed without anesthesia, on the health and physical integrity of these women and girls. 'In...more
Variables: INFIB-PRACTICE-1
"A UN report released today documents the negative impact on human rights of some traditional and cultural practices in Liberia, including female genital mutilation, forced initiation into secret societies, accusations of witchcraft, trials by ordeal and ritualistic killing" (para 1). "Some 58 per cent of Liberian women and girls have undergone female genital mutilation (FGM), a practice widely used by a secret society called Sande, says the report. Women and girls from poor households are twice likely to experience FGM than those from wealthy ones.The report stresses the negative consequences of FGM, which is generally performed without anesthesia, on the health and physical integrity of these women and girls. 'In...more
March 9, 2022, 8:57 a.m.
Countries: Italy
Variables: INFIB-PRACTICE-1
"the Ministry of the Interior...set up a toll free number...to receive reports from whoever becomes aware of cases of genital mutilation on the national territory, and to provide information on charity organizations, NGOs and health-care facilities that operate within those communities of immigrants, being from countries where such practice occurs" (95). "the Minister for Equal Opportunities issued a Public Notice in August 2007 for the financing of projects to prevent and combat...female genital mutilation in three different areas: Actions/research projects; Awareness-raising campaigns; Training and refresher courses...the amount of the resources made available...is...3.546,290,00 Euros, pursuant to Act No. 7/2006. Such resources are allocated as follows: 793,890.00 Euros for Action/research projects; 1,160,382...more
Variables: INFIB-PRACTICE-1
"the Ministry of the Interior...set up a toll free number...to receive reports from whoever becomes aware of cases of genital mutilation on the national territory, and to provide information on charity organizations, NGOs and health-care facilities that operate within those communities of immigrants, being from countries where such practice occurs" (95). "the Minister for Equal Opportunities issued a Public Notice in August 2007 for the financing of projects to prevent and combat...female genital mutilation in three different areas: Actions/research projects; Awareness-raising campaigns; Training and refresher courses...the amount of the resources made available...is...3.546,290,00 Euros, pursuant to Act No. 7/2006. Such resources are allocated as follows: 793,890.00 Euros for Action/research projects; 1,160,382...more
Feb. 28, 2022, 3:29 p.m.
Countries: United Kingdom
Variables: INFIB-PRACTICE-1
"FGM/C is practiced in the country, particularly within some diaspora communities where FGM/C is prevalent. There were 298 FGM prevention orders issued to protect children perceived as at-risk of FGM/C. In March a court sentenced a Ugandan woman to 11 years for performing FGM/C on her three-year-old daughter in 2017. Her Ghanaian partner was acquitted of all charges. This was the first FGM/C conviction in the UK" (14).
Variables: INFIB-PRACTICE-1
"FGM/C is practiced in the country, particularly within some diaspora communities where FGM/C is prevalent. There were 298 FGM prevention orders issued to protect children perceived as at-risk of FGM/C. In March a court sentenced a Ugandan woman to 11 years for performing FGM/C on her three-year-old daughter in 2017. Her Ghanaian partner was acquitted of all charges. This was the first FGM/C conviction in the UK" (14).
Feb. 24, 2022, 10:11 p.m.
Countries: Colombia
Variables: INFIB-PRACTICE-1, INFIB-LAW-1, INFIB-DATA-2
"The law prohibits FGM/C, but isolated incidents were reported in several indigenous communities in different parts of the country. Two-thirds of women from the Embera community had undergone FGM/C, according to the UN Population Fund" (25).
Variables: INFIB-PRACTICE-1, INFIB-LAW-1, INFIB-DATA-2
"The law prohibits FGM/C, but isolated incidents were reported in several indigenous communities in different parts of the country. Two-thirds of women from the Embera community had undergone FGM/C, according to the UN Population Fund" (25).
Feb. 23, 2022, 3:02 p.m.
Countries: Senegal
Variables: INFIB-PRACTICE-1
"The law provides criminal penalties for the perpetration of FGM/C on women and girls, but no cases were prosecuted during the year" (15).
Variables: INFIB-PRACTICE-1
"The law provides criminal penalties for the perpetration of FGM/C on women and girls, but no cases were prosecuted during the year" (15).
Feb. 11, 2022, 5 p.m.
Countries: Thailand
Variables: INFIB-PRACTICE-1
"NGOs reported that FGM/C occurred in the Muslim-majority south, although statistics were unavailable. There were no reports of governmental efforts to prevent or address the practice" (32).
Variables: INFIB-PRACTICE-1
"NGOs reported that FGM/C occurred in the Muslim-majority south, although statistics were unavailable. There were no reports of governmental efforts to prevent or address the practice" (32).
Jan. 24, 2022, 1:07 p.m.
Countries: India
Variables: INFIB-PRACTICE-1
"In July 2018 the Supreme Court heard a public interest case seeking to ban the practice of FGM/C" (44).
Variables: INFIB-PRACTICE-1
"In July 2018 the Supreme Court heard a public interest case seeking to ban the practice of FGM/C" (44).
Jan. 24, 2022, 12:55 p.m.
Countries: Djibouti
Variables: INFIB-PRACTICE-1
"Per government officials, new cases of FGM/C were rare in the country’s urban areas, but they also noted a small subsection of the population travels to surrounding countries to have FGM/C performed... The law also provides for up to one year’s imprisonment and a fine of up to 100,000 DJF ($565) for anyone convicted of failing to report a completed or planned FGM/C to the proper authorities; however, the government had prosecuted no one under this statute by year’s end" (17).
Variables: INFIB-PRACTICE-1
"Per government officials, new cases of FGM/C were rare in the country’s urban areas, but they also noted a small subsection of the population travels to surrounding countries to have FGM/C performed... The law also provides for up to one year’s imprisonment and a fine of up to 100,000 DJF ($565) for anyone convicted of failing to report a completed or planned FGM/C to the proper authorities; however, the government had prosecuted no one under this statute by year’s end" (17).