Latest items for ISSA-PRACTICE-2
Jan. 19, 2024, 12:06 p.m.
Countries: Central African Rep
Variables: ISSA-PRACTICE-2
"Women account for 50.2 per cent of the population, and young people under 18 make up more than 50 per cent of the overall population" (18).
Variables: ISSA-PRACTICE-2
"Women account for 50.2 per cent of the population, and young people under 18 make up more than 50 per cent of the overall population" (18).
Dec. 26, 2022, 6:07 p.m.
Countries: Bolivia
Variables: ISSA-PRACTICE-2
"The penalties for prevarication in cases of femicide and infanticide are increased to up to 20 years in prison. The Bolivian Ministry of Justice said that criminal proceedings would be initiated for delay and revictimization would not be allowed" (para 5).
Variables: ISSA-PRACTICE-2
"The penalties for prevarication in cases of femicide and infanticide are increased to up to 20 years in prison. The Bolivian Ministry of Justice said that criminal proceedings would be initiated for delay and revictimization would not be allowed" (para 5).
June 7, 2022, 10:47 a.m.
Countries: China
Variables: ISSA-PRACTICE-2
"In some places a pilot real-name birth registration system has been put in place and promoted, in order to improve the monitoring of pregnancies and the management of childbearing processes, and to prevent the underreporting and abandoning of baby girls. The real-name birth registration system has been rolled out rapidly in most of the key selected provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities) such as Anhui, Hunan, and Jiangxi provinces. Henan, Anhui, Jiangxi, Hubei and Hunan Provinces have been actively coordinating with health authorities, and jointly issued a policy for full implementation of the birth registration system, so as to further strengthen the birth certificate administration, with the establishment and improvement of...more
Variables: ISSA-PRACTICE-2
"In some places a pilot real-name birth registration system has been put in place and promoted, in order to improve the monitoring of pregnancies and the management of childbearing processes, and to prevent the underreporting and abandoning of baby girls. The real-name birth registration system has been rolled out rapidly in most of the key selected provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities) such as Anhui, Hunan, and Jiangxi provinces. Henan, Anhui, Jiangxi, Hubei and Hunan Provinces have been actively coordinating with health authorities, and jointly issued a policy for full implementation of the birth registration system, so as to further strengthen the birth certificate administration, with the establishment and improvement of...more
Jan. 24, 2022, 1:07 p.m.
Countries: India
Variables: ISSA-PRACTICE-2
"The law prohibits prenatal sex selection, but authorities rarely enforced it" (48).
Variables: ISSA-PRACTICE-2
"The law prohibits prenatal sex selection, but authorities rarely enforced it" (48).
Jan. 6, 2022, 12:09 p.m.
Countries: Somalia
Variables: ISSA-PRACTICE-2
"These practices are illegal, in most cases these women are not caught. Women take pills that cause the killing of the unborn child" (1).
Variables: ISSA-PRACTICE-2
"These practices are illegal, in most cases these women are not caught. Women take pills that cause the killing of the unborn child" (1).
Oct. 25, 2021, 2:40 p.m.
Countries: Vietnam
Variables: ISSA-PRACTICE-2
"To address the issue of gender equality, the government has issued legal documents prohibiting gender identification prior to birth and prohibiting gender-based violence and discrimination. Violations of these provisions are subject to fines or even imprisonment" (30).
Variables: ISSA-PRACTICE-2
"To address the issue of gender equality, the government has issued legal documents prohibiting gender identification prior to birth and prohibiting gender-based violence and discrimination. Violations of these provisions are subject to fines or even imprisonment" (30).
Sept. 13, 2021, 2:24 p.m.
Countries: China
Variables: ISSA-PRACTICE-2
"The law [in Hong Kong] mandates protection for victims of child abuse (battery, assault, neglect, abandonment, and sexual exploitation), and the SAR government enforced the law" (125).
Variables: ISSA-PRACTICE-2
"The law [in Hong Kong] mandates protection for victims of child abuse (battery, assault, neglect, abandonment, and sexual exploitation), and the SAR government enforced the law" (125).
Aug. 6, 2021, 4:21 p.m.
Countries: Niger
Variables: ISSA-PRACTICE-1, ISSA-PRACTICE-2, ISSA-LAW-1
"Infanticide occurred, and a sizeable proportion of the female prison population was incarcerated for this crime, which was often committed to hide pregnancies out of wedlock" (p 18).
Variables: ISSA-PRACTICE-1, ISSA-PRACTICE-2, ISSA-LAW-1
"Infanticide occurred, and a sizeable proportion of the female prison population was incarcerated for this crime, which was often committed to hide pregnancies out of wedlock" (p 18).
Feb. 4, 2021, 2 p.m.
Countries: India
Variables: ISSA-PRACTICE-2
"The Supreme Court laid down the guidelines for the strict implementation of the Pre-Natal Diagnostics Act (PNDT) and directed the central supervisory board and the state supervisory boards to hold a meeting once in six months to ensure the provisions of the Act are not breached" (para 1). "The authorities should ensure also that all genetic counselling centres, genetic laboratories and genetic clinics, infertility clinics, scan centres etc. using preconception and pre-natal diagnostic techniques and procedures should maintain all records and all forms, required to be maintained under the Act and the rules and the duplicate copies of the same be sent to the concerned district authorities, in accordance with...more
Variables: ISSA-PRACTICE-2
"The Supreme Court laid down the guidelines for the strict implementation of the Pre-Natal Diagnostics Act (PNDT) and directed the central supervisory board and the state supervisory boards to hold a meeting once in six months to ensure the provisions of the Act are not breached" (para 1). "The authorities should ensure also that all genetic counselling centres, genetic laboratories and genetic clinics, infertility clinics, scan centres etc. using preconception and pre-natal diagnostic techniques and procedures should maintain all records and all forms, required to be maintained under the Act and the rules and the duplicate copies of the same be sent to the concerned district authorities, in accordance with...more
Jan. 7, 2021, 9:23 p.m.
Countries: Nigeria
Variables: ISSA-PRACTICE-2
“In Nigeria, quest for male child has resulted in multiple un-spaced pregnancies. This is one of the reasons why many women are dying during childbirth and lots more developing health problems. Male child preference has given rise to violence against women and girls” (para. 1-2). “These women are not alone. Somewhere, each day in Nigeria, a woman is battling with her life and health while trying to get a baby boy. They are going through physical and psychological torture in their marriage for not ‘producing a male child’’ (para. 13). “Culture of Male preference resulting in violence against women and girls:The male child preference has resulted in all kinds of...more
Variables: ISSA-PRACTICE-2
“In Nigeria, quest for male child has resulted in multiple un-spaced pregnancies. This is one of the reasons why many women are dying during childbirth and lots more developing health problems. Male child preference has given rise to violence against women and girls” (para. 1-2). “These women are not alone. Somewhere, each day in Nigeria, a woman is battling with her life and health while trying to get a baby boy. They are going through physical and psychological torture in their marriage for not ‘producing a male child’’ (para. 13). “Culture of Male preference resulting in violence against women and girls:The male child preference has resulted in all kinds of...more
Nov. 6, 2020, 11:29 a.m.
Countries: China
Variables: ISSA-PRACTICE-2
“The parents were detained on suspicion of abandonment soon after the incident took place in Dongguan city of Guangdong province, according to an official statement” (para 4). “They [Mr. and Ms. Li] were both detained under the suspicion abandonment, said the authorities. Mr Zhang has been taken into custody while Ms Li has been released on bail for a pending trial” (para 16). “However, in reality, few of them are given punishment due to a lack of law enforcement” (para 20).
Variables: ISSA-PRACTICE-2
“The parents were detained on suspicion of abandonment soon after the incident took place in Dongguan city of Guangdong province, according to an official statement” (para 4). “They [Mr. and Ms. Li] were both detained under the suspicion abandonment, said the authorities. Mr Zhang has been taken into custody while Ms Li has been released on bail for a pending trial” (para 16). “However, in reality, few of them are given punishment due to a lack of law enforcement” (para 20).
Aug. 11, 2020, 7:11 p.m.
Countries: India
Variables: ISSA-PRACTICE-2
“Foeticide, or the killing of a girl in the womb at the foetal stage, drove the enactment of legislation to ban methods used to determine the sex of a foetus – except that parallel avenues emerged illegally to carry out the practice” (para 2). “Considering the use of technology, diagnostic means and the lack of a legal sanction behind prohibiting female foeticide, the Indian legislature banned the use of pre-natal sex determination for the purpose of abortion a penal offence. Despite the fact that laws have made India’s pre-natal gender tests illegal, the 2011 census in India has indicated the futility of the efforts made to curb female foeticide. India’s...more
Variables: ISSA-PRACTICE-2
“Foeticide, or the killing of a girl in the womb at the foetal stage, drove the enactment of legislation to ban methods used to determine the sex of a foetus – except that parallel avenues emerged illegally to carry out the practice” (para 2). “Considering the use of technology, diagnostic means and the lack of a legal sanction behind prohibiting female foeticide, the Indian legislature banned the use of pre-natal sex determination for the purpose of abortion a penal offence. Despite the fact that laws have made India’s pre-natal gender tests illegal, the 2011 census in India has indicated the futility of the efforts made to curb female foeticide. India’s...more
Dec. 14, 2019, 2:59 p.m.
Countries: India
Variables: ISSA-PRACTICE-2
"'Availability of cheap technology but most of all complicity of the authorities has allowed this flourishing illegal practice [of sex-selective foeticide] to permeate into rural areas as well, turning this into a national crisis,' he says" (para 36). "Devendra Dhama says the local government committee which is instructed to identify and shut down illegal abortion clinics is corrupt and has stopped doing its job" (para 42).
Variables: ISSA-PRACTICE-2
"'Availability of cheap technology but most of all complicity of the authorities has allowed this flourishing illegal practice [of sex-selective foeticide] to permeate into rural areas as well, turning this into a national crisis,' he says" (para 36). "Devendra Dhama says the local government committee which is instructed to identify and shut down illegal abortion clinics is corrupt and has stopped doing its job" (para 42).
July 8, 2019, 9:30 a.m.
Countries: Senegal
Variables: ISSA-PRACTICE-2
"If police discovered the identity of the mother, she faced arrest and prosecution for infanticide. According to a 2015 UN report, approximately 16 percent of women in detention in 2013 were imprisoned for infanticide. Moreover, infanticide represented 64 percent of the grounds for imprisonment of girls ages 13 to 18, according to the UN report" (page 18-19).
Variables: ISSA-PRACTICE-2
"If police discovered the identity of the mother, she faced arrest and prosecution for infanticide. According to a 2015 UN report, approximately 16 percent of women in detention in 2013 were imprisoned for infanticide. Moreover, infanticide represented 64 percent of the grounds for imprisonment of girls ages 13 to 18, according to the UN report" (page 18-19).
July 3, 2019, 11:11 a.m.
Countries: Albania
Variables: ISSA-PRACTICE-1, ISSA-PRACTICE-2
"According to the government’s statistical agency, the ratio of boys to girls at birth in 2016 was 107 to 100, which indicated that gender-biased sex selection was possibly occurring. The government did not take any steps to address the imbalance" (page 18).
Variables: ISSA-PRACTICE-1, ISSA-PRACTICE-2
"According to the government’s statistical agency, the ratio of boys to girls at birth in 2016 was 107 to 100, which indicated that gender-biased sex selection was possibly occurring. The government did not take any steps to address the imbalance" (page 18).
July 1, 2019, 6:30 p.m.
Countries: Armenia
Variables: ISSA-PRACTICE-2
"In 2015 the Ministry of Health and the Ministry of Labor and Social Affairs approved a midterm program to prevent gender-selective abortions and established a working group to coordinate governmental efforts in this regard" (p. 32).
Variables: ISSA-PRACTICE-2
"In 2015 the Ministry of Health and the Ministry of Labor and Social Affairs approved a midterm program to prevent gender-selective abortions and established a working group to coordinate governmental efforts in this regard" (p. 32).
June 14, 2019, 4:05 p.m.
Countries: India
Variables: ISSA-PRACTICE-2
"The law prohibits prenatal sex selection, but authorities rarely enforced it" (42).
Variables: ISSA-PRACTICE-2
"The law prohibits prenatal sex selection, but authorities rarely enforced it" (42).
March 29, 2019, 4:03 p.m.
Countries: China
Variables: ISSA-PRACTICE-2
"The law forbids infanticide, but there was evidence that the practice continued. According to the National Population and Family Planning Commission, a handful of doctors were charged with infanticide under this law. Female infanticide, gender-biased abortions, and the abandonment and neglect of baby girls remained problems due to the traditional preference for sons and the birth-limitation policy" (page 60).
Variables: ISSA-PRACTICE-2
"The law forbids infanticide, but there was evidence that the practice continued. According to the National Population and Family Planning Commission, a handful of doctors were charged with infanticide under this law. Female infanticide, gender-biased abortions, and the abandonment and neglect of baby girls remained problems due to the traditional preference for sons and the birth-limitation policy" (page 60).
Feb. 8, 2019, 4:42 p.m.
Countries: Mali
Variables: ISSA-PRACTICE-2
"Authorities prosecuted at least two infanticide cases during the year" (page 24) (Coder comment: prosecution indicates illegality of infanticide - ARR).
Variables: ISSA-PRACTICE-2
"Authorities prosecuted at least two infanticide cases during the year" (page 24) (Coder comment: prosecution indicates illegality of infanticide - ARR).
Oct. 26, 2018, 8:42 a.m.
Countries: Senegal
Variables: ISSA-PRACTICE-2, ISSA-LAW-1
"If police discovered the identity of the mother, she faced arrest and prosecution" (page 18).
Variables: ISSA-PRACTICE-2, ISSA-LAW-1
"If police discovered the identity of the mother, she faced arrest and prosecution" (page 18).
Oct. 12, 2018, 10:54 a.m.
Countries: China
Variables: ISSA-PRACTICE-2
"In June, the Guardian reported that the Jiangxi province ordered that women seeking an abortion after 14 weeks must get 'signed approval from three medical professionals' before they can access the procedure. The newspaper reported that this is to help prevent selective-sex abortions (an illegal procedure), but that women are still concerned" (para 4-5).
Variables: ISSA-PRACTICE-2
"In June, the Guardian reported that the Jiangxi province ordered that women seeking an abortion after 14 weeks must get 'signed approval from three medical professionals' before they can access the procedure. The newspaper reported that this is to help prevent selective-sex abortions (an illegal procedure), but that women are still concerned" (para 4-5).
Sept. 5, 2018, 9:59 a.m.
Countries: Taiwan
Variables: ISSA-PRACTICE-2
"In 2014 the ratio of boy-to-girl births was 107 to 100" (11). "There were no reported cases of the authorities imposing these fines during the year" (11). It is unclear if fines were not imposed because no fines were necessary, or if authorities were simply not enforcing the law (AA-CODER COMMENT)
Variables: ISSA-PRACTICE-2
"In 2014 the ratio of boy-to-girl births was 107 to 100" (11). "There were no reported cases of the authorities imposing these fines during the year" (11). It is unclear if fines were not imposed because no fines were necessary, or if authorities were simply not enforcing the law (AA-CODER COMMENT)
March 20, 2018, 1:29 p.m.
Countries: Gambia
Variables: ISSA-PRACTICE-1, ISSA-PRACTICE-2, ISSA-LAW-1, ISSA-DATA-1
"The Committee is concerned that women in detention live in deplorable conditions and are subjected to violence, including rape, by guards and/or male detainees, and that such cases are not adequately investigated and prosecuted. The Committee also is concerned that most women in detention have been convicted of infanticide. The Committee urges the State party to ensure that living conditions in detention centres are compliant with the United Nations Rules for the Treatment of Women Prisoners and Non-custodial Measures for Women Offenders (the Bangkok Rules); that women are under the supervision of female guards and that gender-sensitive complaint mechanisms are available to them; and that all cases of violence against...more
Variables: ISSA-PRACTICE-1, ISSA-PRACTICE-2, ISSA-LAW-1, ISSA-DATA-1
"The Committee is concerned that women in detention live in deplorable conditions and are subjected to violence, including rape, by guards and/or male detainees, and that such cases are not adequately investigated and prosecuted. The Committee also is concerned that most women in detention have been convicted of infanticide. The Committee urges the State party to ensure that living conditions in detention centres are compliant with the United Nations Rules for the Treatment of Women Prisoners and Non-custodial Measures for Women Offenders (the Bangkok Rules); that women are under the supervision of female guards and that gender-sensitive complaint mechanisms are available to them; and that all cases of violence against...more
Oct. 11, 2017, 1:30 p.m.
Countries: China
Variables: ISSA-PRACTICE-2
"Xiao Zhu used gene detection technology, which claims to be able to predict a baby's sex by analyzing a small amount of the pregnant mother's blood.The procedure is illegal on the Chinese mainland, so many parents-to-be are looking to Hong Kong clinics that offer this service. The government is trying to battle against countless generations of preference for boys"(para 6-7)."But the Global Times reporter found many agencies offering to identify the sex of unborn babies simply by putting 'Hong Kong' and 'fetus sex identification' into a search engine.An employee from an agency found via this simple search said that customers could choose to have the blood test in Hong Kong...more
Variables: ISSA-PRACTICE-2
"Xiao Zhu used gene detection technology, which claims to be able to predict a baby's sex by analyzing a small amount of the pregnant mother's blood.The procedure is illegal on the Chinese mainland, so many parents-to-be are looking to Hong Kong clinics that offer this service. The government is trying to battle against countless generations of preference for boys"(para 6-7)."But the Global Times reporter found many agencies offering to identify the sex of unborn babies simply by putting 'Hong Kong' and 'fetus sex identification' into a search engine.An employee from an agency found via this simple search said that customers could choose to have the blood test in Hong Kong...more
March 14, 2017, 11:44 a.m.
Countries: Armenia
Variables: ISSA-PRACTICE-2
"In mid-2016, the Armenian parliament adopted legislation aimed at reversing the female foeticide trend. The new measures include doctors compulsorily questioning women on their motives for wanting an abortion and refusing those driven by gender selection. The legislation also bars terminations after 12 weeks unless there is a risk to a woman’s health, she was raped or is a single mother" (para 16-18).
Variables: ISSA-PRACTICE-2
"In mid-2016, the Armenian parliament adopted legislation aimed at reversing the female foeticide trend. The new measures include doctors compulsorily questioning women on their motives for wanting an abortion and refusing those driven by gender selection. The legislation also bars terminations after 12 weeks unless there is a risk to a woman’s health, she was raped or is a single mother" (para 16-18).
Jan. 30, 2017, 1:30 p.m.
Countries: Vietnam
Variables: ISSA-PRACTICE-2
"Concerned about the spreading sex imbalances on society, especially for the numerous men in the reproductive-age groups who will not be able to find a suitable wife someday, many Asian countries, including China, India, Georgia, Nepal, South Korea and Vietnam, have enacted laws making it illegal for a doctor to reveal the sex of a fetus to expecting parents. Such laws, however, are difficult to enforce, especially given the strong preference for sons and the reluctance of couples and medical workers to cooperate with government regulations mostly aimed at the more abstract notion of improving society" (para 15).
Variables: ISSA-PRACTICE-2
"Concerned about the spreading sex imbalances on society, especially for the numerous men in the reproductive-age groups who will not be able to find a suitable wife someday, many Asian countries, including China, India, Georgia, Nepal, South Korea and Vietnam, have enacted laws making it illegal for a doctor to reveal the sex of a fetus to expecting parents. Such laws, however, are difficult to enforce, especially given the strong preference for sons and the reluctance of couples and medical workers to cooperate with government regulations mostly aimed at the more abstract notion of improving society" (para 15).
Jan. 30, 2017, 1:05 p.m.
Countries: China
Variables: ISSA-PRACTICE-2
"Concerned about the spreading sex imbalances on society, especially for the numerous men in the reproductive-age groups who will not be able to find a suitable wife someday, many Asian countries, including China, India, Georgia, Nepal, South Korea and Vietnam, have enacted laws making it illegal for a doctor to reveal the sex of a fetus to expecting parents. Such laws, however, are difficult to enforce, especially given the strong preference for sons and the reluctance of couples and medical workers to cooperate with government regulations mostly aimed at the more abstract notion of improving society" (para 15).
Variables: ISSA-PRACTICE-2
"Concerned about the spreading sex imbalances on society, especially for the numerous men in the reproductive-age groups who will not be able to find a suitable wife someday, many Asian countries, including China, India, Georgia, Nepal, South Korea and Vietnam, have enacted laws making it illegal for a doctor to reveal the sex of a fetus to expecting parents. Such laws, however, are difficult to enforce, especially given the strong preference for sons and the reluctance of couples and medical workers to cooperate with government regulations mostly aimed at the more abstract notion of improving society" (para 15).
May 29, 2016, 7:51 p.m.
Countries: India
Variables: ISSA-PRACTICE-2
"India's children's minister has called for mandatory tests to determine the sex of an unborn child to try to counter high levels of female foeticide, sparking fierce criticism Tuesday from women's activists. Prenatal sex tests are officially illegal in India, a policy designed to stop so many unborn girls being aborted by parents desperate for a boy. But in a speech late Monday, Women and Child Development Minister Maneka Gandhi said a more effective strategy would be to record the sex of a foetus at the outset of the pregnancy and then monitor its progress" (Para 1-3). "Parents and doctors can be jailed for up to five years for asking...more
Variables: ISSA-PRACTICE-2
"India's children's minister has called for mandatory tests to determine the sex of an unborn child to try to counter high levels of female foeticide, sparking fierce criticism Tuesday from women's activists. Prenatal sex tests are officially illegal in India, a policy designed to stop so many unborn girls being aborted by parents desperate for a boy. But in a speech late Monday, Women and Child Development Minister Maneka Gandhi said a more effective strategy would be to record the sex of a foetus at the outset of the pregnancy and then monitor its progress" (Para 1-3). "Parents and doctors can be jailed for up to five years for asking...more
Feb. 29, 2016, 9:23 a.m.
Countries: Ukraine
Variables: ISSA-PRACTICE-2
""In Ukraine, there is no gender preference that would cause sex-selective abortions, infanticide, child abandonment or son preference to be an issue. Abortions are common here because of the stresses of life and the economy, but this will usually not depend on whether or not the baby is a boy or girl." Anna Saienko" (14)
Variables: ISSA-PRACTICE-2
""In Ukraine, there is no gender preference that would cause sex-selective abortions, infanticide, child abandonment or son preference to be an issue. Abortions are common here because of the stresses of life and the economy, but this will usually not depend on whether or not the baby is a boy or girl." Anna Saienko" (14)
Jan. 5, 2016, 11:30 a.m.
Countries: India
Variables: ISSA-PRACTICE-2
"That said, the delay in enacting this legislation and the lack of implementation post-enactment has meant easy availability of pre-natal sex-determination tests carried out with impunity" (58). "The Act sets up a number of statutory authorities like the Central Supervisory Board, and the State Supervisory Board, which are required to 'review and monitor implementation of the Act' and to create public awareness of the Act amongst other functions. The State Supervisory Boards are also required to send consolidated reports of the various activities under the Act to the Central government and Central Board. The Central Board is required to meet at least once in six months. Both the Central and...more
Variables: ISSA-PRACTICE-2
"That said, the delay in enacting this legislation and the lack of implementation post-enactment has meant easy availability of pre-natal sex-determination tests carried out with impunity" (58). "The Act sets up a number of statutory authorities like the Central Supervisory Board, and the State Supervisory Board, which are required to 'review and monitor implementation of the Act' and to create public awareness of the Act amongst other functions. The State Supervisory Boards are also required to send consolidated reports of the various activities under the Act to the Central government and Central Board. The Central Board is required to meet at least once in six months. Both the Central and...more