The most comprehensive compilation of information on the status of
women in the world.

Latest items for IW-LAW-1

Aug. 20, 2026, 2:13 p.m.
Countries: Burundi
Variables: IW-LAW-1

“(v) No statutory provisions for women’s succession rights: This affects women's inheritance on their family side and in the instance their husband passes on. Customary law dictates succession rights of women and in most instances it is discriminatory” (40).
Aug. 20, 2026, 2:07 p.m.
Countries: South Sudan
Variables: IW-LAW-1

“(ii) Harmful traditional practices: A number of harmful traditional practices persist in custom, including polygamy, forced marriages, child marriage, and wife inheritance” (75).
Aug. 20, 2026, 1:56 p.m.
Countries: Egypt
Variables: IW-PRACTICE-1, IW-LAW-1

“With regard to inheritance, Law No. 77 of 1943 was amended in 2017 to penalise intentionally depriving women/heirs of their inheritance. Article 49 stipulates that anyone who denies an heir their legitimate share of inheritance shall be punished by imprisonment for a minimum of 6 months and a fine of up to LE100,000 [US$5,645]. The article adds that any person who withholds a document proving a person’s legal right to inheritance shall be punished by imprisonment of 3 months and a fine of no less than LE10,000 [US$564]. For Christians, recently, an Egyptian Christian woman contested the fact that she inherits less than her brothers and the court ruled in...more
Aug. 20, 2026, 1:48 p.m.
Countries: Cameroon
Variables: IW-PRACTICE-1, IW-LAW-1

“(iv) Inheritance: The Draft Code of the Person and the Family is discriminatory towards widows if the deceased husband does not leave a will. Its Section 919 provides as follows: “Intestate succession shall devolve by application of the law to the parents and to the surviving spouse in the following order: ▶ Descendants ▶ Forebears ▶ Collaterals ▶ Surviving spouse ▶ The State” As a surviving spouse, widows should be inheriting from the deceased husband in a prioritised manner” (43).
Aug. 20, 2026, 1:46 p.m.
Countries: Botswana
Variables: IW-LAW-1

“Customary law has not escaped the reform process. Tswana law previously prescribed that the family be inherited by either the youngest or oldest. TheHigh Court,confirmed by the Court of Appeal, ruled in Mmusi vs Ramantele that this law was unconstitutional and contrary to obligations contained in international conventions such as CEDAW. Women are thus able to inherit equally in customary law and male primogeniture has been declared unconstitutional” (37).
Aug. 20, 2026, 1:44 p.m.
Countries: Angola
Variables: IW-PRACTICE-1, IW-LAW-1

“Discriminatory customary inheritance laws: Article 75 of the Family Code protects widows’ inheritance rights. However, since customary laws are also acknowledged, in some parts of the country, even if it is against the Constitution, women are excluded from inheriting from their deceased husband’s property and are sometimes even kicked out of the matrimonial home” (35).
Nov. 26, 2025, 8:16 p.m.
Countries: Saudi Arabia
Variables: IW-LAW-1

"The law stipulated that women [in Saudi Arabia] must be granted their rights from inheritance and succession, especially real estate. A woman’s silence about her right to inherit does not mean that her right to inheritance will be forfeited if she asks for it" (para 26-27). This information shows that the law applies broadly to all categories of female heirs, regardless of their specific relationship to the deceased, including daughters, wives, mothers, and sisters (MR-CODER COMMENT).
Aug. 15, 2023, 6:17 a.m.
Countries: Cote D'Ivoire
Variables: IW-LAW-1

"The Committee appreciates the efforts made by the State party to amend discriminatory provisions of the Criminal Code and of the Marriage Act (CEDAW/C/CIV/4, para. 30). The Committee nevertheless notes with concern that: (e) Discriminatory provisions on inheritance rights, such as articles 22, 23 and 25 of the Law No. 64-379 of 7 October 1964 on succession that discriminate against widows compared to the children, parents and siblings of the deceased husband" (14). "The Committee recalls its previous concluding observations (CEDAW/C/CIV/CO/1-3, para. 43 (a)–(c)), as well as its general recommendation No. 21 (1994) on equality in marriage and family relations, and recommends that the State party: (e) Eliminate discrimination against...more
Aug. 3, 2021, 12:21 p.m.
Countries: Nigeria
Variables: IW-LAW-1

"Flora Alatan, Delta State Commissioner for Women Affairs, told CNN her department is working with the justice ministry to adopt the Violence Against Persons Prohibition Act (VAPP), a federal legislation with a provision that directly punishes the ill-treatment of widows. The 'Harmful Widowhood Practices' in the VAPP Act says people can be jailed for a maximum of two years or pay a fine of N500,000 (around $1,366) for abusing women whose husbands have died. Nigeria signed the VAPP Act in 2015, but a majority of the West African nation's 36 states are yet to adopt it and, consequently, the law can't be enforced in those states" (para 26-28). "In 2005,...more
July 9, 2021, 1:38 p.m.
Countries: Kenya
Variables: IW-LAW-1

"The law criminalizes abuses that include early and forced marriage, FGM/C, forced wife “inheritance,” and sexual violence within marriage" (p 33).
Aug. 11, 2020, 7:15 p.m.
Countries: India
Variables: IW-LAW-1

“Hindu Adoption Maintenance Act, 1956 : Section 18-A provides for obligations of husband to maintain his wife. Section 18(2) provides right of wife to live separately and S. 19 provides for maintenance of widow by her father-in-law” (para 5).
Feb. 22, 2020, 11:47 p.m.
Countries: Cameroon
Variables: IW-LAW-1, POLY-LAW-1

"Le mariage traditionnel est en effet indissoluble, et il n'est même pas dissous par le décès de l'époux. À la mort du chef de lignage, le système successoral commande la désignation d'un héritier coutumier qui va véritablement continuer la personne du de cujus. En accaparant tous les biens, il assume aussi les mêmes obligations qu'avait son auteur envers ses épouses. C'est ainsi que les veuves n'avaient pas de crainte quant à leur situation matérielle et matrimoniale. La pratique systématique du lévirat leur permettait de se prémunir contre l'incertitude des lendemains du décès de leur partenaire" (554-555). Translation: The traditional marriage is indissoluble, it is not even dissolved with the spouse's...more
July 8, 2019, 1:19 p.m.
Countries: Uganda
Variables: CWC-DATA-2, IW-PRACTICE-1, IW-LAW-1, ATDW-PRACTICE-2, CUST-LAW-1, IAW-PRACTICE-1, IAD-PRACTICE-1, DSFMF-PRACTICE-2, PW-LAW-1

"The law provides women with the same legal status and rights as men. Discrimination against women, however, was widespread, especially in rural areas. Many customary laws discriminate against women in adoption, marriage, divorce, and inheritance. Under local customary law in many areas, women may not own or inherit property or retain custody of their children. Traditional divorce law in many areas requires women to meet stricter evidentiary standards than men to prove adultery. Polygyny is legal under both customary and Islamic law. In some ethnic groups, men may “inherit” the widows of their deceased brothers" (Pg 29).
July 1, 2019, 8:43 p.m.
Countries: Bahrain
Variables: IW-LAW-1

"In the absence of a direct male heir, Shia women may inherit all of their husband’s property, while Sunni women inherit only a portion, with the brothers or other male relatives of the deceased also receiving a share" (p. 31).
June 28, 2019, 7:45 a.m.
Countries: Tunisia
Variables: IW-LAW-1

"NonMuslim women and their Muslim husbands may not inherit from each other" (p. 23).
June 20, 2019, 10:07 a.m.
Countries: Qatar
Variables: IW-LAW-1

"For example, a non-Muslim wife does not have the automatic right to inherit from her Muslim husband. She receives an inheritance only if her husband wills her a portion of his estate, and even then she is eligible to receive only one-third of the total estate" (p. 15).
June 14, 2019, 2:55 p.m.
Countries: Nigeria
Variables: IIP-PRACTICE-1, WR-PRACTICE-2, IW-PRACTICE-1, IW-LAW-1

"Despite the new federal law, purdah, the cultural practice of secluding women and pubescent girls from unrelated men, continued in various parts of the North. In some parts of the country, widows experienced unfavorable conditions as a result of discriminatory traditional customs. “Confinement,” which occurred predominantly in the Northeast, remained the most common rite of deprivation for widows. Confined widows stayed under social restrictions for as long as one year and usually shaved their heads and dressed in black as part of a culturally mandated mourning period. In other areas communities viewed a widow as a part of her husband’s property to be “inherited” by his family. In some traditional...more
May 27, 2019, 9:09 p.m.
Countries: Burkina Faso
Variables: IW-LAW-1

"Many citizens, particularly in rural areas, held to traditional beliefs that did not recognize inheritance rights for women and regarded a woman as property that could be inherited upon her husband’s death" (p. 19).
March 29, 2019, 5:33 p.m.
Countries: Malawi
Variables: IW-LAW-1, CUST-PRACTICE-1, CUST-LAW-3, GIC-LAW-1

"The law provides for a minimum level of child support, widows’ rights, and maternity leave; however, only women employed in the formal sector knew their rights, had access to the legal system, and thus benefited from these legal protections" (para 93).
Jan. 8, 2019, 9:46 a.m.
Countries: Nigeria
Variables: IW-LAW-1

"'The deceased’s brothers may inherit where the deceased has no children; the wife is not mentioned at all. A widow can’t inherit her deceased husband’s estate and in fact, she is sometimes regarded as part of the estate to be inherited by the deceased brother through heritage marriage,' Justice Onyeabo said" (Para 16). "He said, 'In Sogunro Davies vs Sogunro Davies, it was held that the Yoruba customary practices deprived the wife of any right to inheritance because the devolution of property follows the blood. In fact, in Suberu vs Sumonu, a wife has been described as a chattel to be inherited" (Para 26).
Oct. 19, 2018, 7:59 p.m.
Countries: Indonesia
Variables: IW-LAW-1

"The law does not grant widows equal inheritance rights" (para 152)
March 20, 2018, 1:29 p.m.
Countries: Gambia
Variables: IW-LAW-1

"While noting the delegation’s statement that the State party will consider good practices in other countries with Muslim populations that have non-discriminatory personal status laws that are in line with the Convention, the Committee remains deeply concerned: (a) That issues relating to marriage, divorce, inheritance, marital property, adoption, burial and devolution of property on death are still regulated under personal laws (sharia and customary law), which contains provisions that discriminate against women; (b) That the Women’s Act provides only for women’s “equitable” access to property, which is not compliant with the Committee’s standard of equality. While commending the State party in the case of Matty Faye v. Dawda Jawara, the...more
March 14, 2018, 6:54 p.m.
Countries: Senegal
Variables: IW-LAW-1

"The Committee welcomes the adoption of Law No. 99-05 of 29 January 1999 criminalizing female genital mutilation and of a second national action plan to accelerate the elimination female genital mutilation (2010-2015), as well as the measures taken to raise public awareness of harmful practices. It is concerned, however, at the persistence of adverse cultural norms, practices and traditions as well as patriarchal attitudes and deep-rooted stereotypes regarding the roles, responsibilities and identities of women and men in the family and society. It notes that stereotypes contribute to the persistence of violence against women as well as harmful practices, including female genital mutilation, levirate and sororate, child marriage, polygamy, repudiation,...more
Feb. 28, 2018, 5:36 p.m.
Countries: Kenya
Variables: IW-LAW-1, DV-LAW-1

"Protection against Domestic Violence Bill (2013). This Bill has already undergone second reading in parliament and if enacted into law, the Protection against Domestic Violence as legislation will protect families from domestic violence. The legislation seeks to protect victims of domestic violence and provide protection for spouses and any children or dependants within the family unit. The Bill recognizes sexual violence within marriage, child marriage, FGM, incest, defilement, forced wife inheritance, interference from in-laws and sexual abuse as forms of domestic violence unlike previously when they were only associated with physical violence" (15-16).
May 15, 2016, 7:55 p.m.
Countries: Montenegro
Variables: IW-LAW-1

"The Constitution of Montenegro guarantees the right to property and inheritance, as well as entrepreneurship. All freedoms and rights are based on the principle of equality between men and women." (78)
March 17, 2016, 8:57 p.m.
Countries: Cyprus
Variables: IW-PRACTICE-1, IW-LAW-1

"Are there customary practices or laws among some minority communities (e.g. clans, immigrant groups) that require the inheritance of a wife after a male family member dies? Are there practices whereby a widow is 'cleansed' after her husband's death, and what are these? Unable to offer such information with certainty/accuracy" (2)
Jan. 6, 2016, 10:42 p.m.
Countries: Benin
Variables: WR-LAW-1, IW-LAW-1

"Act No. 2002-07 of 24 August 2004 on the Personal and Family Code lays down egalitarian principles in accordance with the Constitution and thus significantly combats discrimination. For example, it abolishes marriage by levirate (art. 122)" (5). Marriage by levirate refers to the type of marriage in which the brother of the deceased man is obliged to marry his brother's widow and the widow is required to marry her deceased husband's brother (HLH-CODER COMMENT)
Jan. 5, 2016, 11:30 a.m.
Countries: India
Variables: IW-LAW-1

"Even the Hindu Succession Act, 1956 which was extensively amended in 2005 still contains certain provisions which favour the husband’s family. For example, Section 15 stipulates that the self acquired property of a female Hindu dying intestate will, in the absence of her husband and children, devolve upon the heirs of her husband and not her father and mother" (6).
Nov. 14, 2015, 5:05 p.m.
Countries: Greece
Variables: IW-PRACTICE-1, IW-LAW-1, IAW-PRACTICE-1, IAW-LAW-1, IAD-PRACTICE-1, PW-PRACTICE-2

"The Committee is concerned about the situation of women in the State party in the area of marriage and inheritance. The Committee remains concerned about the inconsistent application of the State law in all communities. In this regard, the Committee is concerned about the non-application of the general law of the State party to the Muslim community of Thrace regarding marriage and inheritance, as well as about the persistence of polygamy and early marriage in the Muslim and Roma communities. The Committee is also concerned at the absence of legal provisions governing existing de facto unions, which may deny women protection and redress in case of separation in the absence...more
Nov. 1, 2015, 7:38 p.m.
Countries: Moldova
Variables: IW-LAW-1

"The Committee is also concerned about information received that, following divorce or death of the husband, women are, in practice, often denied their right of inheritance" (11)