Latest items for LRCM-LAW-2
Oct. 9, 2026, 6:33 a.m.
Countries: Cameroon
Variables: LRCM-LAW-2
"[M]arital rape either remains outside the remits of criminal law, or is illegal but widely tolerated. The Penal Code of Cameroon criminalises rape in section 296 but does not contemplate a situation where it can be committed within marriage. Talking of rape between husband and wife was, and is still a very controversial issue because by marriage, both parties are considered as having given their irrevocable consent to satisfying each other’s sexual needs" (83).
Variables: LRCM-LAW-2
"[M]arital rape either remains outside the remits of criminal law, or is illegal but widely tolerated. The Penal Code of Cameroon criminalises rape in section 296 but does not contemplate a situation where it can be committed within marriage. Talking of rape between husband and wife was, and is still a very controversial issue because by marriage, both parties are considered as having given their irrevocable consent to satisfying each other’s sexual needs" (83).
Oct. 9, 2026, 6:33 a.m.
Countries: Cameroon
Variables: LRCM-LAW-2
"[M]arital rape either remains outside the remits of criminal law, or is illegal but widely tolerated. The Penal Code of Cameroon criminalises rape in section 296 but does not contemplate a situation where it can be committed within marriage. Talking of rape between husband and wife was, and is still a very controversial issue because by marriage, both parties are considered as having given their irrevocable consent to satisfying each other’s sexual needs" (83).
Variables: LRCM-LAW-2
"[M]arital rape either remains outside the remits of criminal law, or is illegal but widely tolerated. The Penal Code of Cameroon criminalises rape in section 296 but does not contemplate a situation where it can be committed within marriage. Talking of rape between husband and wife was, and is still a very controversial issue because by marriage, both parties are considered as having given their irrevocable consent to satisfying each other’s sexual needs" (83).
Oct. 9, 2026, 6:33 a.m.
Countries: Cameroon
Variables: LRCM-LAW-2
"[M]arital rape either remains outside the remits of criminal law, or is illegal but widely tolerated. The Penal Code of Cameroon criminalises rape in section 296 but does not contemplate a situation where it can be committed within marriage. Talking of rape between husband and wife was, and is still a very controversial issue because by marriage, both parties are considered as having given their irrevocable consent to satisfying each other’s sexual needs" (83).
Variables: LRCM-LAW-2
"[M]arital rape either remains outside the remits of criminal law, or is illegal but widely tolerated. The Penal Code of Cameroon criminalises rape in section 296 but does not contemplate a situation where it can be committed within marriage. Talking of rape between husband and wife was, and is still a very controversial issue because by marriage, both parties are considered as having given their irrevocable consent to satisfying each other’s sexual needs" (83).
Oct. 9, 2026, 6:18 a.m.
Countries: Cameroon
Variables: LRCM-LAW-2
"Marital rape is not a crime under Cameroon law" (197).
Variables: LRCM-LAW-2
"Marital rape is not a crime under Cameroon law" (197).
Oct. 7, 2026, 6:55 a.m.
Countries: Canada
Variables: LRCM-LAW-2
"The new legislation made it a crime for a man to rape his wife, and it was no longer legally acceptable for a husband to use force to have sex with his wife. The term 'rape' was removed from the law and replaced with the language of 'sexual assault'" (para 2).
Variables: LRCM-LAW-2
"The new legislation made it a crime for a man to rape his wife, and it was no longer legally acceptable for a husband to use force to have sex with his wife. The term 'rape' was removed from the law and replaced with the language of 'sexual assault'" (para 2).
Oct. 7, 2026, 5:19 a.m.
Countries: Central African Rep
Variables: LRCM-LAW-2
"The Penal Code criminalizes rape, sexual assault, and violence against women. In 2010, the CAR government made efforts to improve the legal framework to better protect women from violence, including addressing issues such as marital rape and female genital mutilation (FGM)" (para 6).
Variables: LRCM-LAW-2
"The Penal Code criminalizes rape, sexual assault, and violence against women. In 2010, the CAR government made efforts to improve the legal framework to better protect women from violence, including addressing issues such as marital rape and female genital mutilation (FGM)" (para 6).
Oct. 7, 2026, 5:14 a.m.
Countries: Central African Rep
Variables: LRCM-LAW-2
"Domestic violence and sexual harassment are punishable under the Penal Code. However, marital rape is not yet criminalized in the Central African Republic" (para 12).
Variables: LRCM-LAW-2
"Domestic violence and sexual harassment are punishable under the Penal Code. However, marital rape is not yet criminalized in the Central African Republic" (para 12).
Oct. 7, 2026, 4:49 a.m.
Countries: Chad
Variables: LRCM-LAW-2
"Moreover, although Articles 349-350 of the Penal Code criminalise rape, the definition of rape is not grounded on the notion of consent and does not specifically cover marital rape" (7).
Variables: LRCM-LAW-2
"Moreover, although Articles 349-350 of the Penal Code criminalise rape, the definition of rape is not grounded on the notion of consent and does not specifically cover marital rape" (7).
Oct. 7, 2026, 4:49 a.m.
Countries: Chad
Variables: LRCM-LAW-2
"Moreover, although Articles 349-350 of the Penal Code criminalise rape, the definition of rape is not grounded on the notion of consent and does not specifically cover marital rape" (7).
Variables: LRCM-LAW-2
"Moreover, although Articles 349-350 of the Penal Code criminalise rape, the definition of rape is not grounded on the notion of consent and does not specifically cover marital rape" (7).
Oct. 7, 2026, 4:39 a.m.
Countries: Chad
Variables: LRCM-LAW-2
"The law does not specifically address spousal rape, the gender of victims, or domestic violence" (24).
Variables: LRCM-LAW-2
"The law does not specifically address spousal rape, the gender of victims, or domestic violence" (24).
Oct. 6, 2026, 1:59 a.m.
Countries: Chile
Variables: LRCM-LAW-2
"According to US Country Reports 2022, physical and psychological domestic violence, as well as the "rape of men or women, including spousal rape," are criminalized under Chilean law" (para 10).
Variables: LRCM-LAW-2
"According to US Country Reports 2022, physical and psychological domestic violence, as well as the "rape of men or women, including spousal rape," are criminalized under Chilean law" (para 10).
Oct. 6, 2026, 12:26 a.m.
Countries: Cambodia
Variables: LRCM-LAW-2
"[I]n Cambodia, the legal code does not specifically describe marital rape. Cambodia’s Law on the Prevention of Domestic Violence and the Protection of Victims contains ambiguous wording related to concepts such as the definition of domestic violence and marital rape. In Article 3 and 7 of the Kingdom’s Law on the Prevention of Domestic Violence and the Protection of Victims recognises marital rape as an act committed through “sexual aggression” as a form of domestic violence. The law incorporates “violent sex” as an element of “sexual aggression”. Unfortunately, there is no definition given to “violent sex”. The law is also silent on the “matter of consent” which is a key...more
Variables: LRCM-LAW-2
"[I]n Cambodia, the legal code does not specifically describe marital rape. Cambodia’s Law on the Prevention of Domestic Violence and the Protection of Victims contains ambiguous wording related to concepts such as the definition of domestic violence and marital rape. In Article 3 and 7 of the Kingdom’s Law on the Prevention of Domestic Violence and the Protection of Victims recognises marital rape as an act committed through “sexual aggression” as a form of domestic violence. The law incorporates “violent sex” as an element of “sexual aggression”. Unfortunately, there is no definition given to “violent sex”. The law is also silent on the “matter of consent” which is a key...more
Oct. 5, 2026, 2:58 p.m.
Countries: Burundi
Variables: LRCM-LAW-2
"The law prohibited rape against women and men, including spousal rape, with penalties of up to 30 years’ imprisonment" (40).
Variables: LRCM-LAW-2
"The law prohibited rape against women and men, including spousal rape, with penalties of up to 30 years’ imprisonment" (40).
Oct. 5, 2026, 2:40 p.m.
Countries: Burundi
Variables: LRCM-LAW-2
"Marital rape (viol conjugal) is a criminal offence in Burundi and defined in the GBV law. Perpetrators may be sentenced to 15 to 30 days in prison and/or a fine of 10,000 to 50,000 Burundian francs (4-18 USD)" (8).
Variables: LRCM-LAW-2
"Marital rape (viol conjugal) is a criminal offence in Burundi and defined in the GBV law. Perpetrators may be sentenced to 15 to 30 days in prison and/or a fine of 10,000 to 50,000 Burundian francs (4-18 USD)" (8).
Oct. 4, 2026, 10:04 a.m.
Countries: Burma/Myanmar
Variables: LRCM-LAW-2
"[T]he law fails to criminalise domestic violence, does not prohibit marital rape, and only allows abortion if it is necessary to save the life of the pregnant woman" (142).
Variables: LRCM-LAW-2
"[T]he law fails to criminalise domestic violence, does not prohibit marital rape, and only allows abortion if it is necessary to save the life of the pregnant woman" (142).
Oct. 4, 2026, 9:53 a.m.
Countries: Burma/Myanmar
Variables: LRCM-LAW-2
"[T]he law fails to criminalise domestic violence, does not prohibit marital rape, and only allows abortion if it is necessary to save the life of the pregnant woman" (142).
Variables: LRCM-LAW-2
"[T]he law fails to criminalise domestic violence, does not prohibit marital rape, and only allows abortion if it is necessary to save the life of the pregnant woman" (142).
Oct. 4, 2026, 9:37 a.m.
Countries: Burma/Myanmar
Variables: LRCM-LAW-2
"The law stipulated different minimum ages for marriage based on religion and gender. The minimum age for Buddhists was 18, while the minimum age for non-Buddhists was 16 for boys and 15 for girls. Child marriage occurred, especially in rural areas. There were no reliable statistics on forced marriage" (46)
Variables: LRCM-LAW-2
"The law stipulated different minimum ages for marriage based on religion and gender. The minimum age for Buddhists was 18, while the minimum age for non-Buddhists was 16 for boys and 15 for girls. Child marriage occurred, especially in rural areas. There were no reliable statistics on forced marriage" (46)
Oct. 4, 2026, 9:34 a.m.
Countries: Burma/Myanmar
Variables: LRCM-LAW-2
"Spousal rape was not a crime unless the wife was younger than the legal age of marriage (which could vary according to ethnicity or religion), the penalty for which was a maximum of two years in prison. The law prohibited committing bodily harm against another person, but there were no laws specifically against domestic violence or spousal abuse unless the wife was younger than the legal age of marriage. Overlapping and at times contradictory legal provisions complicated implementation of these limited protections" (41-42).
Variables: LRCM-LAW-2
"Spousal rape was not a crime unless the wife was younger than the legal age of marriage (which could vary according to ethnicity or religion), the penalty for which was a maximum of two years in prison. The law prohibited committing bodily harm against another person, but there were no laws specifically against domestic violence or spousal abuse unless the wife was younger than the legal age of marriage. Overlapping and at times contradictory legal provisions complicated implementation of these limited protections" (41-42).
Sept. 29, 2026, 3:15 p.m.
Countries: China
Variables: LRCM-LAW-2
"...Article 236 of the Criminal Law of the People's Republic of China does not explicitly stipulate that the husband cannot be considered the subject of the crime of rape. Consequently, marital rape constitutes an obstacle to the crime of rape and is not guilty of the law" (200).
Variables: LRCM-LAW-2
"...Article 236 of the Criminal Law of the People's Republic of China does not explicitly stipulate that the husband cannot be considered the subject of the crime of rape. Consequently, marital rape constitutes an obstacle to the crime of rape and is not guilty of the law" (200).
Sept. 29, 2026, 3:10 p.m.
Countries: China
Variables: LRCM-LAW-2
"Marital rape is neither a criminal nor civil offense under current Chinese law" (para 4).
Variables: LRCM-LAW-2
"Marital rape is neither a criminal nor civil offense under current Chinese law" (para 4).
Sept. 23, 2026, 10:33 a.m.
Countries: Cape Verde
Variables: LRCM-LAW-2
"The law implicitly covered spousal rape; penalties for conviction ranged from one to five years’ imprisonment" (8).
Variables: LRCM-LAW-2
"The law implicitly covered spousal rape; penalties for conviction ranged from one to five years’ imprisonment" (8).
Sept. 23, 2026, 10:22 a.m.
Countries: Cape Verde
Variables: LRCM-LAW-2
"Marital rape is not recognized by law as a criminal defense: It is neither an aggravating circumstance, nor is it explicitly criminalized" (para 4).
Variables: LRCM-LAW-2
"Marital rape is not recognized by law as a criminal defense: It is neither an aggravating circumstance, nor is it explicitly criminalized" (para 4).
Sept. 21, 2026, 10:23 p.m.
Countries: Australia
Variables: LRCM-LAW-2
“In the end, marital rape was criminalised in all Australian jurisdictions, starting with a partial criminalisation in South Australia in 1976, with full criminalisation starting in New South Wales and Victoria in 1981. Queensland was the last state to criminalise marital rape in 1989, with the Northern Territory following in 1994” (para 25).
Variables: LRCM-LAW-2
“In the end, marital rape was criminalised in all Australian jurisdictions, starting with a partial criminalisation in South Australia in 1976, with full criminalisation starting in New South Wales and Victoria in 1981. Queensland was the last state to criminalise marital rape in 1989, with the Northern Territory following in 1994” (para 25).
Sept. 21, 2026, 10:17 p.m.
Countries: Armenia
Variables: LRCM-LAW-2
“Is marital rape criminalized? Yes. Although Armenian law does not include a specific provision, authorities punish marital rape under Article 138 of the Criminal Code. (U.S. State Department, Country Reports on Human Rights Practices for 2014, Armenia). Armenian Criminal Code – Article 138: 1. Rape, sexual intercourse of a man with a woman against her will, using violence against the latter or some other person, with threat thereof, or taking advantage of the woman’s helpless situation, is punished with imprisonment for the term of 3 to 6 years. 2. The rape which: 1) was done by a group of persons; 2) was done against the aggrieved or other person with...more
Variables: LRCM-LAW-2
“Is marital rape criminalized? Yes. Although Armenian law does not include a specific provision, authorities punish marital rape under Article 138 of the Criminal Code. (U.S. State Department, Country Reports on Human Rights Practices for 2014, Armenia). Armenian Criminal Code – Article 138: 1. Rape, sexual intercourse of a man with a woman against her will, using violence against the latter or some other person, with threat thereof, or taking advantage of the woman’s helpless situation, is punished with imprisonment for the term of 3 to 6 years. 2. The rape which: 1) was done by a group of persons; 2) was done against the aggrieved or other person with...more
Sept. 8, 2026, 7:19 p.m.
Countries: Bahamas
Variables: LRCM-LAW-2
"Mrs Davis [Ann Marie Davis, wife of the Bahamian Prime Minister] has said previously she supports criminalising marital rape and believes the government should move forward with legislation to do just that. In 2022, she said: 'We must agitate and hold our policy makers accountable. We want them to upgrade our laws and we really need that. Imagine, we are still living in a society where no does not mean no. How could that be? I tell you no and you think I mean yes. No, sir. Of course I’m talking about marital rape right. No means no.' Women’s rights activists have long criticised the status quo and have called...more
Variables: LRCM-LAW-2
"Mrs Davis [Ann Marie Davis, wife of the Bahamian Prime Minister] has said previously she supports criminalising marital rape and believes the government should move forward with legislation to do just that. In 2022, she said: 'We must agitate and hold our policy makers accountable. We want them to upgrade our laws and we really need that. Imagine, we are still living in a society where no does not mean no. How could that be? I tell you no and you think I mean yes. No, sir. Of course I’m talking about marital rape right. No means no.' Women’s rights activists have long criticised the status quo and have called...more
Sept. 6, 2026, 6:28 p.m.
Countries: Azerbaijan
Variables: LRCM-LAW-2
"Section 6. Discrimination and Societal Abuses Women: Rape and Domestic Violence: Rape is illegal, and conviction for it carries a maximum sentence of 15 years in prison. Spousal rape is also illegal, but observers stated police did not effectively investigate such claims. " (p 42).
Variables: LRCM-LAW-2
"Section 6. Discrimination and Societal Abuses Women: Rape and Domestic Violence: Rape is illegal, and conviction for it carries a maximum sentence of 15 years in prison. Spousal rape is also illegal, but observers stated police did not effectively investigate such claims. " (p 42).
Sept. 5, 2026, 8:06 p.m.
Countries: Austria
Variables: LRCM-LAW-2
"Section 6. Discrimination and Societal Abuses. Women: Rape and Domestic Violence: Rape of a person, regardless of gender, including spousal rape, was punishable by up to 15 years’ imprisonment; domestic violence was punishable under the criminal code provisions for murder, rape, sexual abuse, and bodily injury. The government generally enforced the law, and the law enforcement response to rape and domestic violence was generally effective. In May, two of three Afghan men involved in the 2021 drugging, rape, and murder of a girl, age 13, were convicted of rape and murder; they received sentences of life and 20 years. The third man involved was convicted in December 2022" (p 12-13).more
Variables: LRCM-LAW-2
"Section 6. Discrimination and Societal Abuses. Women: Rape and Domestic Violence: Rape of a person, regardless of gender, including spousal rape, was punishable by up to 15 years’ imprisonment; domestic violence was punishable under the criminal code provisions for murder, rape, sexual abuse, and bodily injury. The government generally enforced the law, and the law enforcement response to rape and domestic violence was generally effective. In May, two of three Afghan men involved in the 2021 drugging, rape, and murder of a girl, age 13, were convicted of rape and murder; they received sentences of life and 20 years. The third man involved was convicted in December 2022" (p 12-13).more
Sept. 4, 2026, 8:11 p.m.
Countries: Australia
Variables: LRCM-LAW-2
"About 1 in 5 (20%) people in 2021 did not know that it is a criminal offence for a man to have sex with his wife without her consent, reporting that they were either unsure (9%) or thought it was not a criminal offence (11%). Historically, sexual assault in marriage was not explicitly criminalised in many countries. In Australia, from 1976 into the 1980s, legislation was enacted to make it clear that sexual assault in marriage is against the law (Coumarelos et al. 2023b; Larcombe and Heath 2012)" (para 19). This information indicates there is a presence of laws on marital rape in Australia (MR-CODER COMMENT).
Variables: LRCM-LAW-2
"About 1 in 5 (20%) people in 2021 did not know that it is a criminal offence for a man to have sex with his wife without her consent, reporting that they were either unsure (9%) or thought it was not a criminal offence (11%). Historically, sexual assault in marriage was not explicitly criminalised in many countries. In Australia, from 1976 into the 1980s, legislation was enacted to make it clear that sexual assault in marriage is against the law (Coumarelos et al. 2023b; Larcombe and Heath 2012)" (para 19). This information indicates there is a presence of laws on marital rape in Australia (MR-CODER COMMENT).
Sept. 3, 2026, 4:08 p.m.
Countries: Armenia
Variables: LRCM-LAW-2
"Rape and Domestic Violence: Rape of a person, regardless of gender, was a criminal offense, and conviction carried a maximum prison sentence of 15 years; general rape statutes applied to the prosecution of spousal rape" (p 41).
Variables: LRCM-LAW-2
"Rape and Domestic Violence: Rape of a person, regardless of gender, was a criminal offense, and conviction carried a maximum prison sentence of 15 years; general rape statutes applied to the prosecution of spousal rape" (p 41).
Aug. 20, 2026, 2:18 p.m.
Countries: Nigeria
Variables: LRCM-LAW-2
“While countriessuch as Mozambique expressly prohibit marital rape, there is a gap when it comes to criminalisation of marital rape in countries such as Algeria, Malawi, Nigeria, Sudan, Tanzania and The Gambia, which leads to violations of women’s equality, dignity, and bodily autonomy” (13). “(iii) Marital rape: A further gap is that, in conformity with customary law, the Northern Nigeria Penal Code and Criminal Code do not recognise marital rape as rape. And the Penal Code of Northern Nigeria provides that an assault by a man on a woman is not an offense if they are married, if native law or custom recognises such “correction” as lawful, and if there...more
Variables: LRCM-LAW-2
“While countriessuch as Mozambique expressly prohibit marital rape, there is a gap when it comes to criminalisation of marital rape in countries such as Algeria, Malawi, Nigeria, Sudan, Tanzania and The Gambia, which leads to violations of women’s equality, dignity, and bodily autonomy” (13). “(iii) Marital rape: A further gap is that, in conformity with customary law, the Northern Nigeria Penal Code and Criminal Code do not recognise marital rape as rape. And the Penal Code of Northern Nigeria provides that an assault by a man on a woman is not an offense if they are married, if native law or custom recognises such “correction” as lawful, and if there...more