Latest items for MARR-PRACTICE-7
Aug. 20, 2026, 2:13 p.m.
Countries: Burundi
Variables: MARR-PRACTICE-7
“(iv) Recognition of husband as the head of the family: Article 122 of the Code of Persons and Family recognises the husband as the head of the communal household. The wife only replaces him when he is absent or prohibited. This provision entrenches patriarchal power” (40).
Variables: MARR-PRACTICE-7
“(iv) Recognition of husband as the head of the family: Article 122 of the Code of Persons and Family recognises the husband as the head of the communal household. The wife only replaces him when he is absent or prohibited. This provision entrenches patriarchal power” (40).
Aug. 20, 2026, 2:08 p.m.
Countries: Tanzania
Variables: MARR-PRACTICE-7
“The Child Act grants women equal rights to custody upon divorce. However, the Law of Marriage Act stipulates that the customs of the community must be considered when determining division of matrimonial property and custody of children. This has the potential to undermine women’s right to equality, since custom may not recognise women's right to property and children are often considered a part of their father’s clan, thus there is a preference for granting father’s custody in custom. Courts must be sure to consider custom as one of many factors in the matrimonial property and custody determinations, rather than as the determinative factor” (79).
Variables: MARR-PRACTICE-7
“The Child Act grants women equal rights to custody upon divorce. However, the Law of Marriage Act stipulates that the customs of the community must be considered when determining division of matrimonial property and custody of children. This has the potential to undermine women’s right to equality, since custom may not recognise women's right to property and children are often considered a part of their father’s clan, thus there is a preference for granting father’s custody in custom. Courts must be sure to consider custom as one of many factors in the matrimonial property and custody determinations, rather than as the determinative factor” (79).
Aug. 20, 2026, 2:07 p.m.
Countries: South Sudan
Variables: MARR-PRACTICE-7, MARR-LAW-2, MARR-LAW-3, IAW-LAW-2
“South Sudan for instance, the Constitution obliges courts to apply customary law subject to the provisions of the Constitution and the law. Due to the lack of statutory law and the Constitution’s recognition of South Sudan’s plural legal system, family law is governed by the custom of the large number of ethnic groups in South Sudan.This leads to significant problems such as: ► No minimum age of marriage under customary law. ► Polygamy is legal for men. ► Divorce is generally easier for men to obtain. ► Women are often deprived of an equitable share in property upon divorce or deprived of inheritance upon the death of their husbands. ►...more
Variables: MARR-PRACTICE-7, MARR-LAW-2, MARR-LAW-3, IAW-LAW-2
“South Sudan for instance, the Constitution obliges courts to apply customary law subject to the provisions of the Constitution and the law. Due to the lack of statutory law and the Constitution’s recognition of South Sudan’s plural legal system, family law is governed by the custom of the large number of ethnic groups in South Sudan.This leads to significant problems such as: ► No minimum age of marriage under customary law. ► Polygamy is legal for men. ► Divorce is generally easier for men to obtain. ► Women are often deprived of an equitable share in property upon divorce or deprived of inheritance upon the death of their husbands. ►...more
Aug. 20, 2026, 1:56 p.m.
Countries: Egypt
Variables: MARR-PRACTICE-7
“(iii) Wife obedience and head of household: According to Law No 100 of 1985, the husband is responsible for providing for the children and thus is impliedly the head of the family.140 The law also provides that a wife must obey her husband. In the event there is no obedience, the husband may file for a no-obedience complaint and withdraw this financial support to the wife. Both can decide where to live but a woman is expected to follow her husband when choosing the matrimonial home. Upon divorce, the wife may keep the matrimonial home when she has custody of the child but loses this privilege when the children reach...more
Variables: MARR-PRACTICE-7
“(iii) Wife obedience and head of household: According to Law No 100 of 1985, the husband is responsible for providing for the children and thus is impliedly the head of the family.140 The law also provides that a wife must obey her husband. In the event there is no obedience, the husband may file for a no-obedience complaint and withdraw this financial support to the wife. Both can decide where to live but a woman is expected to follow her husband when choosing the matrimonial home. Upon divorce, the wife may keep the matrimonial home when she has custody of the child but loses this privilege when the children reach...more
Aug. 20, 2026, 1:55 p.m.
Countries: D R Congo
Variables: MARR-PRACTICE-7
"Customary marriages: The fact that the Code of the Family does not regulate customary marriages is a challenge for women. For instance, while the law provides for women to inherit from their husbands, in customary marriages, this does not happen, and the male chiefs view the issue from a patrilineal eye. In this case, the widow is not considered as a beneficiary of the deceased husband’s estate" (47).
Variables: MARR-PRACTICE-7
"Customary marriages: The fact that the Code of the Family does not regulate customary marriages is a challenge for women. For instance, while the law provides for women to inherit from their husbands, in customary marriages, this does not happen, and the male chiefs view the issue from a patrilineal eye. In this case, the widow is not considered as a beneficiary of the deceased husband’s estate" (47).
Aug. 20, 2026, 1:54 p.m.
Countries: Cote D'Ivoire
Variables: MARR-PRACTICE-7
“In addition to the Constitutional provisions on gender equality, non-discrimination and custody, in 2019, there were several law reforms that have an impact on women’s rights within the family. The first one is Law 2019-570 of 26 June 2019 which has brought about many positive changes concerning laws regulating roles within the family. For instance, Article 51 of the law provides that both spouses are responsible for the family and the children. They are together responsible for managing the moral and material direction of the family. Before this law, the man was the head of the family. Furthermore, according to Article 82 of the same new law, the matrimonial property...more
Variables: MARR-PRACTICE-7
“In addition to the Constitutional provisions on gender equality, non-discrimination and custody, in 2019, there were several law reforms that have an impact on women’s rights within the family. The first one is Law 2019-570 of 26 June 2019 which has brought about many positive changes concerning laws regulating roles within the family. For instance, Article 51 of the law provides that both spouses are responsible for the family and the children. They are together responsible for managing the moral and material direction of the family. Before this law, the man was the head of the family. Furthermore, according to Article 82 of the same new law, the matrimonial property...more
Aug. 20, 2026, 1:48 p.m.
Countries: Cameroon
Variables: MARR-PRACTICE-7
“(i) Husband as the head of household: Article 212-214 of the Civil Code identifies the husband as the head of the household. Article 74 of Cameroon’s Civil Status Registration further provides that a husband may object to his wife's exercise of a trade different from his in the interest of their marriage or children. According to Article 1421 of the Civil Code of the Republic of Cameroon, the husband alone administers the common property. He can sell, dispose of and mortgage them without the cooperation of the wife. Moreover, according to article 1428, the husband has the administration of all the personal property of the wife. He alone can exercise...more
Variables: MARR-PRACTICE-7
“(i) Husband as the head of household: Article 212-214 of the Civil Code identifies the husband as the head of the household. Article 74 of Cameroon’s Civil Status Registration further provides that a husband may object to his wife's exercise of a trade different from his in the interest of their marriage or children. According to Article 1421 of the Civil Code of the Republic of Cameroon, the husband alone administers the common property. He can sell, dispose of and mortgage them without the cooperation of the wife. Moreover, according to article 1428, the husband has the administration of all the personal property of the wife. He alone can exercise...more
Aug. 20, 2026, 1:46 p.m.
Countries: Botswana
Variables: MARR-PRACTICE-7
“In recent years, Botswana has enjoyed significant progress towards a more just and equitable family law. A key step towards this progress was the enactment of the Abolition of Marital Power Act 2004. Prior to this Act, the common law dictated that concluding a civil marriage (whether in or out of community of property) vested husbands with marital power. Marital power designated men heads of the family unit, exclusively charged with decision-making power in the family. It also stripped married women of their legal capacity. Instead, their husbands had complete control of the legal personhood of the wife, joint property and even the wife’s property if they were married in...more
Variables: MARR-PRACTICE-7
“In recent years, Botswana has enjoyed significant progress towards a more just and equitable family law. A key step towards this progress was the enactment of the Abolition of Marital Power Act 2004. Prior to this Act, the common law dictated that concluding a civil marriage (whether in or out of community of property) vested husbands with marital power. Marital power designated men heads of the family unit, exclusively charged with decision-making power in the family. It also stripped married women of their legal capacity. Instead, their husbands had complete control of the legal personhood of the wife, joint property and even the wife’s property if they were married in...more
May 5, 2026, 7:53 p.m.
Countries: Afghanistan
Variables: MARR-PRACTICE-7
"Afghans generally live in compounds, of multiple generations, with sons bringing wives into the home" (para 8).
Variables: MARR-PRACTICE-7
"Afghans generally live in compounds, of multiple generations, with sons bringing wives into the home" (para 8).
March 11, 2026, 12:22 p.m.
Countries: United States
Variables: MARR-PRACTICE-7
"Somalia's deeply rooted social traditions — child marriages, high rates of in group remarrying, and patriarchal family structures — also complicate integration into US society, where values of gender equality, individual autonomy, and secular civic norms dominate" (para 49). This information mentions 'in-group remarrying' which testifies to the endogamy practice of marriage mentioned in for this variable (MR-CODER COMMENT).
Variables: MARR-PRACTICE-7
"Somalia's deeply rooted social traditions — child marriages, high rates of in group remarrying, and patriarchal family structures — also complicate integration into US society, where values of gender equality, individual autonomy, and secular civic norms dominate" (para 49). This information mentions 'in-group remarrying' which testifies to the endogamy practice of marriage mentioned in for this variable (MR-CODER COMMENT).
March 9, 2026, 4:17 p.m.
Countries: China
Variables: MARR-PRACTICE-7
"Ms. Li’s and Ms. Huo’s [married-out women living in rural China fighting for their rights on land ownership] stories also reflect the greater say that younger women have over where they should live. Traditionally, women moved to their husbands’ homes; older generations of married-out women returned to their villages only after divorcing or becoming widowed. Younger ones have embraced bringing their husbands to their own villages, in part to assert their independence" (para 36).
Variables: MARR-PRACTICE-7
"Ms. Li’s and Ms. Huo’s [married-out women living in rural China fighting for their rights on land ownership] stories also reflect the greater say that younger women have over where they should live. Traditionally, women moved to their husbands’ homes; older generations of married-out women returned to their villages only after divorcing or becoming widowed. Younger ones have embraced bringing their husbands to their own villages, in part to assert their independence" (para 36).
May 1, 2025, 5:12 p.m.
Countries: United States
Variables: CL-DATA-1, MARR-PRACTICE-7
"Sixty-four percent of Native mothers are breadwinners in their families. About a quarter of Native households are headed by women, with 30 percent of them living under the poverty level, according to census data compiled by the National Partnership for Women & Families" (par. 6).
Variables: CL-DATA-1, MARR-PRACTICE-7
"Sixty-four percent of Native mothers are breadwinners in their families. About a quarter of Native households are headed by women, with 30 percent of them living under the poverty level, according to census data compiled by the National Partnership for Women & Families" (par. 6).
April 30, 2025, 11:56 a.m.
Countries: Kenya
Variables: MARR-PRACTICE-7
"Experts and runners alike tell CNN that in Iten, a mix of (potential) wealth, fame and a patriarchal culture -- where a man is expected to be the breadwinner -- leaves young ambitious women either prey to unscrupulous men trying to get their hands on their future earnings, or vulnerable to intimate partners who wish to control them" (par. 24).
Variables: MARR-PRACTICE-7
"Experts and runners alike tell CNN that in Iten, a mix of (potential) wealth, fame and a patriarchal culture -- where a man is expected to be the breadwinner -- leaves young ambitious women either prey to unscrupulous men trying to get their hands on their future earnings, or vulnerable to intimate partners who wish to control them" (par. 24).
April 15, 2025, 7:13 p.m.
Countries: China
Variables: MARR-PRACTICE-7
"It is an unspoken rule that after marriage the couple resides primarily with the family of the male partner , as well as birth certification issuing if the new baby does not follow the father’s surname" (14).
Variables: MARR-PRACTICE-7
"It is an unspoken rule that after marriage the couple resides primarily with the family of the male partner , as well as birth certification issuing if the new baby does not follow the father’s surname" (14).
March 19, 2025, 10:12 p.m.
Countries: Iraq
Variables: MARR-PRACTICE-7
"The practice of fasliyya, in which women are bartered as a means of resolving tribal disputes, is also often undertaken" (8). This implies that marriages are likely patrilocal because the women are not staying near their own families (ELW - CODER COMMENT).
Variables: MARR-PRACTICE-7
"The practice of fasliyya, in which women are bartered as a means of resolving tribal disputes, is also often undertaken" (8). This implies that marriages are likely patrilocal because the women are not staying near their own families (ELW - CODER COMMENT).
March 3, 2025, 9:03 p.m.
Countries: China
Variables: MARR-PRACTICE-7
"The Committee notes the advocacy campaigns aimed at eradicating son preference and promoting shared parenting, as well as article 68 of the Law on the Protection of Rights and Interests of Women, which promotes co-parenting. However, the Committee remains concerned about the persistence of deep-rooted stereotypes regarding the roles and responsibilities of women and men in the family and in society, the traditional preference for sons and the traditional perception that it is a man’s 'duty' to give a male heir to his parents, resulting in cases of child abduction and alienation to ensure that the male child remains within the paternal family" (Page 6).
Variables: MARR-PRACTICE-7
"The Committee notes the advocacy campaigns aimed at eradicating son preference and promoting shared parenting, as well as article 68 of the Law on the Protection of Rights and Interests of Women, which promotes co-parenting. However, the Committee remains concerned about the persistence of deep-rooted stereotypes regarding the roles and responsibilities of women and men in the family and in society, the traditional preference for sons and the traditional perception that it is a man’s 'duty' to give a male heir to his parents, resulting in cases of child abduction and alienation to ensure that the male child remains within the paternal family" (Page 6).
Feb. 19, 2025, 6:02 p.m.
Countries: India
Variables: MARR-PRACTICE-7, DV-DATA-1
"Nusrat moved from her village to live with his family, where she discovered he was a heavy drinker who would beat her and steal from others because he didn’t have a job" (para 53).
Variables: MARR-PRACTICE-7, DV-DATA-1
"Nusrat moved from her village to live with his family, where she discovered he was a heavy drinker who would beat her and steal from others because he didn’t have a job" (para 53).
Jan. 29, 2025, 3:43 p.m.
Countries: India
Variables: MARR-PRACTICE-7
"Tens of thousands of Indian women have been abandoned by husbands working abroad, according to government officials and activists, trapping many of them in their in-laws’ homes in accordance with local social customs, even for decades" (para 5).
Variables: MARR-PRACTICE-7
"Tens of thousands of Indian women have been abandoned by husbands working abroad, according to government officials and activists, trapping many of them in their in-laws’ homes in accordance with local social customs, even for decades" (para 5).
Jan. 9, 2025, 10:18 a.m.
Countries: India
Variables: MARR-PRACTICE-7
"In accordance with the 'patrilocal' customs common throughout India, a bride moves in with the groom’s family" (para 14). "The fact that, after marriage, a wife tends to move in with her husband’s family corrodes her support system and discourages parents from investing in daughters as opposed to sons" (para 29).
Variables: MARR-PRACTICE-7
"In accordance with the 'patrilocal' customs common throughout India, a bride moves in with the groom’s family" (para 14). "The fact that, after marriage, a wife tends to move in with her husband’s family corrodes her support system and discourages parents from investing in daughters as opposed to sons" (para 29).
Jan. 16, 2024, 6:33 p.m.
Countries: Botswana
Variables: MARR-PRACTICE-7
"The Abolition of Marital Power Act has enabled women to acquire property and have meaningful participation on joint property which was otherwise administered by their spouses without consent. Most importantly women can acquire their own place of residence on permanent basis and independent of the man" (37). This suggests that before this legal change, husbands controlled both property and residence, which may be indicative of a patrilineal system with patrilocal marriage (VMH - CODER COMMENT).
Variables: MARR-PRACTICE-7
"The Abolition of Marital Power Act has enabled women to acquire property and have meaningful participation on joint property which was otherwise administered by their spouses without consent. Most importantly women can acquire their own place of residence on permanent basis and independent of the man" (37). This suggests that before this legal change, husbands controlled both property and residence, which may be indicative of a patrilineal system with patrilocal marriage (VMH - CODER COMMENT).
Sept. 30, 2023, 4 p.m.
Countries: Kazakhstan
Variables: MARR-PRACTICE-7
"While noting the importance attached to the family in the State party, the Committee notes with concern the following: (c) The prevalence of bride kidnapping, which leads to child and/or forced marriage, and the exemption from criminal liability under article 125 of the Criminal Code (on abduction) in cases of the voluntary release of the abductee; (d) The lack of data on the prevalence of polygamy, child and/or forced marriage and bride kidnapping" (p.16).
Variables: MARR-PRACTICE-7
"While noting the importance attached to the family in the State party, the Committee notes with concern the following: (c) The prevalence of bride kidnapping, which leads to child and/or forced marriage, and the exemption from criminal liability under article 125 of the Criminal Code (on abduction) in cases of the voluntary release of the abductee; (d) The lack of data on the prevalence of polygamy, child and/or forced marriage and bride kidnapping" (p.16).
Sept. 18, 2023, 2 a.m.
Countries: Bhutan
Variables: LO-LAW-1, LO-DATA-3, MARR-PRACTICE-7, GP-DATA-1
"Traditional society in Bhutan, which lies in the Eastern Himalayas between China and India, is matriarchal, and Bhutanese women do not have to contend with any institutionalized forms of discrimination. Participation in local and national decision-making is accessible to all genders, with female involvement reaching as high as 70 percent at the grassroots level. Women account for nearly half of land owners, increasing to 60 percent in rural regions" (para 2).
Variables: LO-LAW-1, LO-DATA-3, MARR-PRACTICE-7, GP-DATA-1
"Traditional society in Bhutan, which lies in the Eastern Himalayas between China and India, is matriarchal, and Bhutanese women do not have to contend with any institutionalized forms of discrimination. Participation in local and national decision-making is accessible to all genders, with female involvement reaching as high as 70 percent at the grassroots level. Women account for nearly half of land owners, increasing to 60 percent in rural regions" (para 2).
Sept. 18, 2023, 2 a.m.
Countries: Bhutan
Variables: LO-LAW-1, LO-DATA-3, MARR-PRACTICE-7, GP-DATA-1
"Traditional society in Bhutan, which lies in the Eastern Himalayas between China and India, is matriarchal, and Bhutanese women do not have to contend with any institutionalized forms of discrimination. Participation in local and national decision-making is accessible to all genders, with female involvement reaching as high as 70 percent at the grassroots level. Women account for nearly half of land owners, increasing to 60 percent in rural regions." (para.2).
Variables: LO-LAW-1, LO-DATA-3, MARR-PRACTICE-7, GP-DATA-1
"Traditional society in Bhutan, which lies in the Eastern Himalayas between China and India, is matriarchal, and Bhutanese women do not have to contend with any institutionalized forms of discrimination. Participation in local and national decision-making is accessible to all genders, with female involvement reaching as high as 70 percent at the grassroots level. Women account for nearly half of land owners, increasing to 60 percent in rural regions." (para.2).
Sept. 18, 2023, 12:36 a.m.
Countries: India
Variables: MURDER-PRACTICE-1, MARR-PRACTICE-7, DSFMF-PRACTICE-3
"Panchayats are often a profoundly regressive force in rural India, acting as kangaroo courts. They have ordered so-called honour killings of couples who have defied tradition by marrying into a different caste or faith or ordered brutal punishments for couples suspected of adultery" (para.10).
Variables: MURDER-PRACTICE-1, MARR-PRACTICE-7, DSFMF-PRACTICE-3
"Panchayats are often a profoundly regressive force in rural India, acting as kangaroo courts. They have ordered so-called honour killings of couples who have defied tradition by marrying into a different caste or faith or ordered brutal punishments for couples suspected of adultery" (para.10).
Sept. 6, 2023, 5:32 p.m.
Countries: India
Variables: MARR-PRACTICE-7
"[Teacher Gunjan Tiwari's] father regularly scours the matrimonial columns of newspapers and has sounded out relatives to keep their eyes and ears open and let him know if they spot a suitable match. He has joined a WhatsApp group with more than 2,000 members of his caste where families such as theirs share resumes of their children" (para 34). Because the WhatsApp group is confined to members of the caste to which the Tiwari family belongs, it appears likely that marriages are frequently between individuals of a particular caste (AMC - CODER COMMENT).
Variables: MARR-PRACTICE-7
"[Teacher Gunjan Tiwari's] father regularly scours the matrimonial columns of newspapers and has sounded out relatives to keep their eyes and ears open and let him know if they spot a suitable match. He has joined a WhatsApp group with more than 2,000 members of his caste where families such as theirs share resumes of their children" (para 34). Because the WhatsApp group is confined to members of the caste to which the Tiwari family belongs, it appears likely that marriages are frequently between individuals of a particular caste (AMC - CODER COMMENT).
Aug. 8, 2023, 12:20 p.m.
Countries: Senegal
Variables: MARR-PRACTICE-7
"Indeed, according to article 152 of the Family Code, the status of head of family and power over the household and children belongs to the husband. According to article 277: 'In a marriage, parental authority is exercised by the father as head of the family'. It also states that choice of residence for the household belongs to the husband, the wife being obliged to live there with him (article 153)...According to article 375, the husband has the primary responsibility for supporting the household." (24). "With respect to matrimonial property, if the dowry system is applied pursuant to article 385, property given to the woman at the time of her marriage...more
Variables: MARR-PRACTICE-7
"Indeed, according to article 152 of the Family Code, the status of head of family and power over the household and children belongs to the husband. According to article 277: 'In a marriage, parental authority is exercised by the father as head of the family'. It also states that choice of residence for the household belongs to the husband, the wife being obliged to live there with him (article 153)...According to article 375, the husband has the primary responsibility for supporting the household." (24). "With respect to matrimonial property, if the dowry system is applied pursuant to article 385, property given to the woman at the time of her marriage...more
May 19, 2023, 2:31 p.m.
Countries: Nigeria
Variables: MARR-PRACTICE-7, WR-PRACTICE-1, IW-PRACTICE-1
"In Becheve, once a lady is sold out for money marriage, her family considers her dead and under no circumstance is she to return to them. Even if she ends up being maltreated by the new husband, there is no way she can return to her parents. In worse cases where the husband dies, the money wife is then given to the late husband’s next of kin as a wife. However, if the money wife dies without bearing children, her parents would have to bring a replacement" (Para.15-16).
Variables: MARR-PRACTICE-7, WR-PRACTICE-1, IW-PRACTICE-1
"In Becheve, once a lady is sold out for money marriage, her family considers her dead and under no circumstance is she to return to them. Even if she ends up being maltreated by the new husband, there is no way she can return to her parents. In worse cases where the husband dies, the money wife is then given to the late husband’s next of kin as a wife. However, if the money wife dies without bearing children, her parents would have to bring a replacement" (Para.15-16).
April 28, 2023, 9:47 p.m.
Countries: Tanzania
Variables: MARR-PRACTICE-7
"[I]n Tanzania, once they are married, women still have less control over their lives than married men do" (11).
Variables: MARR-PRACTICE-7
"[I]n Tanzania, once they are married, women still have less control over their lives than married men do" (11).
Feb. 27, 2023, 1:02 p.m.
Countries: South Korea
Variables: MARR-PRACTICE-7
"After trying for over a year to persuade more South Korean women to have babies, Chung Hyun-back says one reason stands out for her failure: 'Our patriarchal culture.' Ms. Chung, who was tasked by the previous government with reversing the country’s plummeting birthrate, knows firsthand how tough it is to be a woman in South Korea. She chose her career over nuptials and children. Like her, millions of young women have been collectively spurning motherhood in a so-called birth strike." (para 1).
Variables: MARR-PRACTICE-7
"After trying for over a year to persuade more South Korean women to have babies, Chung Hyun-back says one reason stands out for her failure: 'Our patriarchal culture.' Ms. Chung, who was tasked by the previous government with reversing the country’s plummeting birthrate, knows firsthand how tough it is to be a woman in South Korea. She chose her career over nuptials and children. Like her, millions of young women have been collectively spurning motherhood in a so-called birth strike." (para 1).
Feb. 18, 2023, 10:31 a.m.
Countries: Philippines
Variables: MARR-PRACTICE-7
"Anna feared she would be judged for becoming pregnant, says her younger sister Carla*. There were few people the 20-year old could turn to. Her relationship with her partner, the father of her first child, had broken down, and she had been asked to leave his parents’ home. Her parents were convicted of drug offences and have been in prison since she was 10" (Para.3)
Variables: MARR-PRACTICE-7
"Anna feared she would be judged for becoming pregnant, says her younger sister Carla*. There were few people the 20-year old could turn to. Her relationship with her partner, the father of her first child, had broken down, and she had been asked to leave his parents’ home. Her parents were convicted of drug offences and have been in prison since she was 10" (Para.3)