The most comprehensive compilation of information on the status of
women in the world.

Latest items for PW-LAW-1

Aug. 20, 2026, 2:17 p.m.
Countries: Senegal
Variables: PW-LAW-1

“In countries such as Cameroon, Egypt, Kenya, Senegal, South Sudan and Sudan, the laws allow for more than one marriage. Kenya’s laws emphasise that customary and Muslim marriages are presumed to be polygamous or potentially polygamous. In Sudan and Senegal, a man can have up to four wives” (12). “(iii) Polygamy: Under Article 65 of the Family Code, the husband, in the act of marriage, needs to establish whether it is a monogamous marriage or a polygamous one. Article 113 of the Family Code provides for women to not remarry before the dissolution of her first marriage, it provides that a man cannot remarry if he has a number of...more
Aug. 20, 2026, 2:15 p.m.
Countries: Algeria
Variables: PW-LAW-1

The lowest permitted marriage age is 19 for both sexes (formerly 18 for women and 21 for men), though an exception remains for children of any age to marry with judicial consent. ► Marriage by proxy is no longer possible. ► The woman herself can choose her guardian (wali) when she is to enter marriage. ► The woman’s statutory obedience to the husband is removed as is the term ‘head of the family’. ► The spouses have equal rights and duties in marriage. ► Polygamy is only allowed after permission from a judge, and only under certain conditions. ► Women are given greater access to divorce” (30).
Aug. 20, 2026, 2:13 p.m.
Countries: Burundi
Variables: PW-LAW-1

“The laws of some of the countries provide for monogamy, so that nobody can contract a second marriage without the annulment or dissolution of the first one: Angola, Burundi, Democratic Republic of Congo, and Ethiopia” (12). “Article 103 of the Code of Persons and Family provides that nobody can contract a second marriage without the annulment or dissolution of the first one, essentially prohibiting polygamy. Women and men have the same rights to initiate divorce, either by a joint request from the spouses or by one of the spouses according to a determined cause” (39).
Aug. 20, 2026, 2:11 p.m.
Countries: Tunisia
Variables: PW-LAW-1

“Since the 1950s, there have been several strides in relation to women’s rights within family law in Tunisia. For instance, amendments to the 1956 Code of Personal Status relating to the abolishment of polygamy, making divorce more accessible for women and ‘eliminating the role of matrimonial guardians over women’, amongst others were advances in women’s rights within the family. These amendments made Tunisia the first country in the Arab world to take steps towards gender equality. In 2017, after a 44 year ban, the ban on inter-religious marriages between Tunisian Muslim females and non-Muslim males was lifted” (85). “According to Article 18 Book 1 on Marriage of the Code of...more
Aug. 20, 2026, 2:08 p.m.
Countries: Sudan
Variables: PW-LAW-1

“In countries such as Cameroon, Egypt, Kenya, Senegal, South Sudan and Sudan, the laws allow for more than one marriage. Kenya’s laws emphasise that customary and Muslim marriages are presumed to be polygamous or potentially polygamous. In Sudan and Senegal, a man can have up to four wives” (12). “(vii) Polygamy: Polygamy is permitted. The Muslims (Personal Status) Act 1991 provides that a man is allowed to marry up to four wives provided that he treats all his wives justly” (78).
Aug. 20, 2026, 2:07 p.m.
Countries: South Sudan
Variables: PW-LAW-1

“In countries such as Cameroon, Egypt, Kenya, Senegal, South Sudan and Sudan, the laws allow for more than one marriage. Kenya’s laws emphasise that customary and Muslim marriages are presumed to be polygamous or potentially polygamous. In Sudan and Senegal, a man can have up to four wives” (12). “(i) Legal pluralism: Due to the lack of statutory law and the Constitution’s recognition of South Sudan’s plural legal system, family law is governed by the custom of the large number of ethnic groups in South Sudan. This leads to a number of problems: ► There is no minimum age for marriage under customary law. ► Polygamy is legal for men....more
Aug. 20, 2026, 2:04 p.m.
Countries: South Africa
Variables: PW-LAW-1

“However, in some countries like South Africa, while the statutory laws provide for monogamy, customary and religious laws still allow for polygamy. Another example is Côte d’Ivoire which abolished polygamy in 1964 while still recognizing the rights of those in polygamous marriages, and yet there are still polygamous marriages that occur in the country. In Mozambique, the prohibition of polygamy only applies to civil marriages, and to religious and traditional marriages duly transcribed in the civil registry, and therefore leaves a void when it comes to women in religious and traditional marriages whose marriages are not registered with the civil registry” (12). “(ii) Polygamy: While the Marriage Act and Civil...more
Aug. 20, 2026, 2:01 p.m.
Countries: Mozambique
Variables: PW-LAW-1

“However, in some countries like South Africa, while the statutory laws provide for monogamy, customary and religious laws still allow for polygamy. Another example is Côte d’Ivoire which abolished polygamy in 1964 while still recognizing the rights of those in polygamous marriages, and yet there are still polygamous marriages that occur in the country. In Mozambique, the prohibition of polygamy only applies to civil marriages, and to religious and traditional marriages duly transcribed in the civil registry, and therefore leaves a void when it comes to women in religious and traditional marriages whose marriages are not registered with the civil registry” (12). “(i) Polygamy: While Article 18 of the Family...more
Aug. 20, 2026, 1:58 p.m.
Countries: Kenya
Variables: PW-LAW-1

“In countries such as Cameroon, Egypt, Kenya, Senegal, South Sudan and Sudan, the laws allow for more than one marriage. Kenya’s laws emphasise that customary and Muslim marriages are presumed to be polygamous or potentially polygamous. In Sudan and Senegal, a man can have up to four wives” (12). “(ii) Polygamy: In recognition of custom and belief, Kenya recognises polygamy. The Marriage Act defines marriage as the voluntary union of a man and a woman, whether monogamous or polygamous. The Act also provides that customary and Muslim marriages are presumed to be polygamous or potentially polygamous. Polygamy is widespread in Kenya, since a majority of Kenyans live under customary law,...more
Aug. 20, 2026, 1:57 p.m.
Countries: Ethiopia
Variables: PW-LAW-1

"The laws of some of the countries provide for monogamy, so that nobody can contract a second marriage without the annulment or dissolution of the first one: Angola, Burundi, Democratic Republic of Congo, and Ethiopia" (12). “Article 11 of the Revised Family Code 2000 prohibits polygamy, providing that a person shall not conclude marriage as long as he is bound by bonds of a preceding marriage. The Criminal Code of Ethiopia has criminalised polygamous marriages, with the exception of those concluded according to religious orders. The Supreme Court of Ethiopia, Cassation Bench has set a precedent which protects the property rights of the woman in the second marriage to equally...more
Aug. 20, 2026, 1:56 p.m.
Countries: Egypt
Variables: PW-LAW-1

“In countries such as Cameroon, Egypt, Kenya, Senegal, South Sudan and Sudan, the laws allow for more than one marriage. Kenya’s laws emphasise that customary and Muslim marriages are presumed to be polygamous or potentially polygamous. In Sudan and Senegal, a man can have up to four wives” (12). “(iv) Polygamy: According to amendments to Laws No. 25/1920 and 25/1929 in 1979, a husband can marry a second wife only with the consent of the first wife. If that was not the case, this could be considered as harming the first wife and automatic divorce could be granted. This sparked debate since it was seen as a restriction on polygamy....more
Aug. 20, 2026, 1:55 p.m.
Countries: D R Congo
Variables: PW-LAW-1

"The laws of some of the countries provide for monogamy, so that nobody can contract a second marriage without the annulment or dissolution of the first one: Angola, Burundi, Democratic Republic of Congo, and Ethiopia" (12) "Article 334 of the Code of the Family provides that everyone has the right to marry the person of their choice and to have a family. Polygamy is not recognised in the country" (47).
Aug. 20, 2026, 1:54 p.m.
Countries: Cote D'Ivoire
Variables: PW-LAW-1

“However, in some countries like South Africa, while the statutory laws provide for monogamy, customary and religious laws still allow for polygamy. Another example is Côte d’Ivoire which abolished polygamy in 1964 while still recognizing the rights of those in polygamous marriages, and yet there are still polygamous marriages that occur in the country. In Mozambique, the prohibition of polygamy only applies to civil marriages, and to religious and traditional marriages duly transcribed in the civil registry, and therefore leaves a void when it comes to women in religious and traditional marriages whose marriages are not registered with the civil registry” (12).
Aug. 20, 2026, 1:48 p.m.
Countries: Cameroon
Variables: PW-LAW-1

“In countries such as Cameroon, Egypt, Kenya, Senegal, South Sudan and Sudan, the laws allow for more than one marriage. Kenya’s laws emphasise that customary and Muslim marriages are presumed to be polygamous or potentially polygamous. In Sudan and Senegal, a man can have up to four wives” (12). “(v) Polygamy: Moreover, under the Civil Code and Ordinance 81-02, polygamy is still allowed in the country” (43).
Aug. 20, 2026, 1:44 p.m.
Countries: Angola
Variables: PW-LAW-1

“The laws of some of the countries provide for monogamy, so that nobody can contract a second marriage without the annulment or dissolution of the first one: Angola, Burundi, Democratic Republic of Congo, and Ethiopia” (12).
Dec. 17, 2025, 9:29 a.m.
Countries: Laos
Variables: PW-LAW-1

"The Lao PDR considers important the strict implementation of the Family Law by defining “one husband-one wife” at legal age to be legally marriage and shall follow the one husband-one wife principle only, multiple husbands and multiple wives in one marriage is not allowed (Article 142, Civil Codes)" (35).
Oct. 27, 2025, 9:14 p.m.
Countries: India
Variables: PW-LAW-1

"While [polyandry] is outlawed in India, the custom is protected in some of the country's tribal areas like Himalayan territories where it is known as 'Jodidara'" (para. 6).
April 11, 2025, 3:49 p.m.
Countries: Indonesia
Variables: PW-LAW-1

"Law No. 1-1974… legitimize[s] the practice of polygamy since a paragraph allow husbands to re-married when their wives could not fulfil their biological needs" (18).
March 26, 2025, 10:03 a.m.
Countries: Morocco
Variables: PW-LAW-1

"If the wife has set the condition of monogamy for her husband, polygamy will be illegal. With rare exceptions" (para 13).
Feb. 6, 2025, 7:27 p.m.
Countries: Morocco
Variables: PW-LAW-1

"Polygamy has not been legally prohibited, and the principle of free and informed consent does not always apply to the termination of a marriage contract, since legislation provides for the automatic commencement of divorce proceedings on the grounds of discord if a wife does not accept her husband’s decision to marry another woman" (12).
Feb. 6, 2025, 7:05 p.m.
Countries: Morocco
Variables: PW-LAW-1

"[The Family Code] restricts polygamy (articles 40 and 41)... It forbids a man from taking a second wife without the consent of the first" (45).
Jan. 29, 2025, 8:28 p.m.
Countries: Morocco
Variables: AOM-LAW-1, IAD-LAW-1, PW-LAW-1

"Last September, Moroccan King Mohammed VI ordered the government to present a new reform of the family code (Moudawana) within the next six months. Ending child marriage, inequality in inheritance and monogamy are the three key demands of Moroccan women for the new Moroccan family code, which governs areas of family law such as marriage, divorce, inheritance, and child custody. The committee, tasked with conducting consultations and preparing a reform project, submitted its first draft to the royal palace last week. So far, we have little information about its content. Ultimately, it will be up to King Mohammed VI, president of the Supreme Council of Scholars, the body with a...more
Dec. 13, 2024, 10:24 p.m.
Countries: United Kingdom
Variables: PW-LAW-1

"Ministers have ruled that men in polygamous marriages can receive state handouts for each wife, including additional income support, even though bigamy is illegal in the UK. A review of benefit rules for such marriages concluded in December that allowing husbands to claim for their additional wives remained the 'best possible' option. The decision will chiefly benefit Muslim men, as Islamic law allows them to have up to four wives. Multi-marriages are recognised by the Government – provided the weddings took place in countries where the practice is legal" (para 1-2). "While a married man cannot obtain a spouse visa to bring a second wife into Britain, some multiple partners...more
Dec. 6, 2024, 8:32 p.m.
Countries: Uganda
Variables: MARR-LAW-5, AOM-LAW-1, PW-LAW-1

"Child marriage was only banned in Uganda in 1995, while polygamy is allowed in the East African country - according to certain religious traditions" (para 11).
Dec. 5, 2024, 6:08 p.m.
Countries: Tajikistan
Variables: PW-LAW-1

"Though the state does not recognize polygamous marriages, Sharia law allows Muslim men to have multiple wives. These unions are consecrated by a mullah without the marriage being officially registered with the state" (para 5). "The Tajik authorities also turn a blind eye to many marriages because they fear that countermeasures could mean a path to an economic abyss for many women, according to Mirzoyeva. 'If serious attempts were made to change the situation, many women would slip below the poverty line, which would lead to some being forced into prostitution,' she said" (para 30-31).
Dec. 4, 2024, 4:38 p.m.
Countries: Nigeria
Variables: PW-LAW-1

"Polygyny legal for up to four wives in Sharia Muslim states only" (para 18)
Dec. 4, 2024, 4:38 p.m.
Countries: Mauritania
Variables: PW-LAW-1

"Polygyny legal for up to four wives, but husband must get his existing wife's/wives' consent before marrying additional wives" (para 18).
Dec. 4, 2024, 4:38 p.m.
Countries: Morocco
Variables: PW-LAW-1

"Legal, but husband must be able to support additional wives financially and must have written permission from first wife" (para 18).
Dec. 4, 2024, 4:38 p.m.
Countries: Mali
Variables: PW-LAW-1

"Polygyny legal for up to four wives. Before marrying first wife, husband must get her permission to marry more wives in the future. However, some husbands circumvent this with informal "religious" marriages" (para 18).
Dec. 4, 2024, 4:38 p.m.
Countries: Pakistan
Variables: PW-LAW-1

"Polygyny legal up to four wives, but only for Muslims. Men must prove ability to financially support multiple wives, existing wives can forbid polygamy in marriage contract" (para 18).