Countries: China
Variables: TRAFF-LAW-1

"The Criminal Law Amendment (IX) passed in 2015, it confirms the criminal liability of buyers of women and children in human trafficking" (10). "Before the Amendment, buyers of women and children in human trafficking may be exempted from criminal responsibility if they do not 'obstruct the woman from returning to her original place of residence according to her will' or 'maltreat the child or obstruct his or her rescue'. The stipulation of 'exemption from criminal responsibility' was replaced by 'imposition of a lenient sentence'" (10).

Countries: Maldives
Variables: TRAFF-LAW-1

"Currently there are no regulations developed under the Anti Human Trafficking Act" (7). "According to FPA [Family Protection Authority], there is currently no protocol to identify and deal with cases of human trafficking" (7).

Countries: Peru
Variables: TRAFF-LAW-1

"The Committee welcomes… the adoption of the… National Policy against Trafficking in Persons and its Forms of Exploitation by 2030, approved by Supreme Decree No. 009-2021-IN, of 18 August 2021" (2). This implies that there are laws against trafficking (ELW - CODER COMMENT). "The Committee notes the State party’s efforts to combat trafficking in women and girls, including through the adoption of Act No. 31146 amending criminal law provisions against trafficking in persons to ensure the procedural representation of minors and reparations for victims of trafficking, as well as the National Policy against Trafficking in Persons (2030)" (10).

Countries: Iraq
Variables: TRAFF-LAW-1

"The Iraqi Penal Code of 1969, Article 398, excuses rapists from punishment if they marry their victims for a minimum period of three years. The same provision applies in cases of abduction" (2).

Countries: Venezuela
Variables: TRAFF-LAW-1

"Ruling No. 91 of 15 March 2017: the Constitutional Division of the Supreme Court prohibited procedural concessions for persons guilty of 'flagrant sexual crimes', including the crime of persistent sexual violence, the crime of sexual intercourse with a particularly vulnerable victim, the crime of forced prostitution, the crime of sexual slavery, the crime of illicit trafficking in women, girls and adolescents, and the crime of selling women, girls and adolescents. Regarding trials of such crimes, the Division stated that, once the principle of presumption of innocence had been excluded by an unappealable judgment, the procedural concessions allowed by law could not be granted and no alternative sentencing would be allowed"...more

Countries: Switzerland
Variables: TRAFF-LAW-1

"The Dublin procedure remains a key challenge in securing a human rights approach and providing adequate assistance to victims. The recovery and reflection period according to article 13 CoE Convention is perceived as a form of statutory period rather than a timeframe in which the victim’s need for support and protection must be met. Furthermore, it is not granted systematically to all victims of trafficking in women* in the asylum sector but rather needs to be demanded for through the corresponding legal representation. Swiss authorities do not organize the recovery and reflexion period with access to special protection and support and the asylum procedure is not suspended for this period....more

Countries: Cote D'Ivoire
Variables: TRAFF-LAW-1

"Ivory Coast has a law criminalising trafficking, but it is barely enforced, and the country has been criticised by the US state department for its failure to tackle the problem" (para 20).

Countries: Niger
Variables: TRAFF-LAW-1

"Article 255 (1) of the Criminal Code (Law n° 63-3 of 1 February 1963) criminalises the abduction of minors by stipulating that: 'Anyone who, by fraud or violence, has abducted or caused to be abducted minors under the age of 18, or has led them away, misappropriated or displaced them, or has caused them to be led away, misappropriated or displaced from the places where they were placed by those to whose authority or direction they were subjected or entrusted, shall be punished by imprisonment from two to less than ten years. The attempt shall be punished as the offence itself' (Unofficial translation)" (4).

Countries: United States
Variables: TRAFF-LAW-1

"Gov. Jay Inslee signed the measure, which creates safer working conditions for people in the adult entertainment industry and makes it possible for the clubs to sell alcohol. . .The new law requires training for employees in establishments to prevent sexual harassment, identify and report human trafficking, de-escalate conflict and provide first aid. It also mandates security workers on site, keypad codes on dressing rooms and panic buttons in places where entertainers may be alone with customers" (par. 2, 4).

Countries: Honduras
Variables: TRAFF-LAW-1

"[T]he State party has failed to adopt comprehensive anti-trafficking legislation in line with international standards, although it is a source, transit and destination country for trafficking in women and girls" (8).

Countries: Costa Rica
Variables: TRAFF-LAW-1

"The Committee notes the national policy against human trafficking (2020–2030) of the National Coalition against the Smuggling of Migrants and Trafficking in Persons, the national action plan against commercial sexual exploitation of children and adolescents (2022–2025) and the establishment of regional task forces to promote law enforcement coordination in trafficking cases" (6).

Countries: Honduras
Variables: TRAFF-LAW-1

"In accordance with the new legislation, the crime of femicide shall be punishable without prejudice to the penalties applicable to offences against moral integrity, freedom of movement and sexual freedom, to trafficking in persons and degrading forms of human exploitation or to crimes against the body of a deceased woman or against any protected legal assets" (18). This implies that there are penalites to trafficking, and it is illegal (ELW - CODER COMMENT). "Regarding the recommendation contained in paragraph 25 (a), on the effective implementation of anti-trafficking legislation, as a result of the entry into force of the new Criminal Code, article 219 of which incorporates the offence of trafficking...more

Countries: Pakistan
Variables: TRAFF-LAW-1

"The rights experts - who report to the Human Rights Council – cited reports suggesting the involvement of religious authorities and the complicity of security forces and the justice system; although they also acknowledged that Pakistan had already made efforts to pass legislation prohibiting such illegal practices[the practice of kidnapping and trafficking young girls for marriage]" (para 3). Indicates that there might be some legislation trying to prevent this, but it is largely ineffective (MB2-CODER COMMENT). "'Pakistani authorities must adopt and enforce legislation prohibiting forced conversions, forced and child marriages, kidnapping, and trafficking, and abide by their international human rights commitments to combat slavery and human trafficking and uphold the...more

Countries: Tajikistan
Variables: TRAFF-LAW-1

"Trafficking in persons was criminalized; several national plans of action to combat trafficking in persons were adopted and implemented; and a national inter-agency commission to combat trafficking in persons, as well as local commissions, were established. . .By Government decision No. 342 of 2 July 2019, a list of crimes related to trafficking in persons was approved." (p. 25). "The list of entities and organizations required to ensure respect for the rights and legitimate interests of children who are trafficked persons includes tourism development agencies, which must also identify children who may be victims of trafficking in persons" (p. 26).

Countries: Italy
Variables: TRAFF-LAW-1, ATC-DATA-5

"Last year in Morocco, an international convention of experts from 70 countries issued a joint decree calling for a universal surrogacy ban. In April, the European Parliament voted to include 'the exploitation of surrogate motherhood' under acts of 'human trafficking'" (par. 13).