Countries: Cape Verde
Variables: TRAFF-PRACTICE-1

"[There is] provision of subsistence and urgent medical treatment to victims of trafficking in persons, the adoption of the national plan to combat trafficking in persons for the period 2018–2021, [and] the creation in 2016 of a centre to support women in prostitution or who are at risk of entering prostitution and the criminalization under the Penal Code of trafficking in persons (art. 271A) and forced prostitution (arts. 268A and 268B). [There is however a] lack of standard protocols for law enforcement and social workers to identify victims of trafficking and that, although the border police has written procedures for the identification of such victims, no training has been conducted...more

Countries: Bulgaria
Variables: TRAFF-PRACTICE-1

"[There is] lack of protection and adequately funded support services for victims of trafficking, including women and girls, and the lack of knowledge and understanding among public officials of indicators pertaining to such trafficking; [and a] lack of information on rehabilitation and reintegration services, including shelters and psychological assistance, for women and girls, in particular women belonging to disadvantaged groups, who are victims of trafficking" (7).

Countries: Bulgaria
Variables: TRAFF-PRACTICE-1

"[A]ppropriate human, technical and financial resources [are not allocated] to the National Commission to Combat Trafficking in Human Beings; legislation to combat trafficking in persons, including by providing judges, prosecutors, border police, immigration authorities and other law enforcement officials with systematic training on the early identification and referral of trafficking victims to appropriate services and gender-sensitive interrogation methods [is not being enforced efficiently]; cases involving the sale of children and organs abroad, punish[ment of] perpetrators, rehabilitation and assistance for victims [are not investigated]… [E]ffective and accessible services and compensation are [not] provided to victims of trafficking" (8). This indicated a lack of justice and aid for trafficked victims (MV-coder comment).more

Countries: Cambodia
Variables: TRAFF-PRACTICE-1

"[W]omen who are victims of trafficking are [not] exempted from any liability and provided with adequate protection, such as witness protection programmes and temporary residence permits, irrespective of their ability or willingness to cooperate with the prosecutorial authorities. [T]raffickers and other actors involved in trafficking are [not] prosecuted and adequately punished. [A]nti-trafficking legislation, are [not] used for the purposes of prosecuting traffickers and providing effective remedies to victims and [they are] misused against individuals who are not responsible for trafficking offences" (9).

Countries: Azerbaijan
Variables: TRAFF-PRACTICE-1

"The work is underway to conduct regularly public awareness operations on human trafficking challenges… Preventive actions and operative research operations related to the coercion of women and young girls into prostitution and use of drug substances, involving them into human trafficking and other cases that violate women’s rights, are in the focus of attention at all times… Necessary steps are also made at the national level to identify victims of human trafficking and forced labor, including children, foreign nationals or persons without citizenship that have suffered and are thought to suffer from human trafficking" (16).

Countries: Azerbaijan
Variables: TRAFF-PRACTICE-1

"The institutions responsible for guardianship and trusteeship of children that suffered and thought to be suffering from human trafficking or being potential victims of trafficking together with the commissions in charge of minors’ issues and the protection of their rights have ensured the protection of their rights and interests on the basis of legislation and helped their social rehabilitation… E]mployees of public agencies that combat human trafficking and implement social rehabilitation, including specialists of educational institutions and citizens have benefited from special awareness courses based on internal and external cooperation opportunities. The anti-trafficking agencies have broadened their interaction that helped also to share useful information and experience" (17).more

Countries: Maldives
Variables: TRAFF-PRACTICE-1

"In this reporting period, the Government has adopted an on-line case management system for Human Trafficking and has elevated the status of the Government Anti-Human Trafficking Department under the authority of the Police, thereby allowing for increased resources." (16). "Despite these advances, in the 2018 Trafficking in Persons Report of the U. S Department of State, Maldives has been downgraded to the Tier Two Watch List." (16). "Since the Act’s adoption, the PGO has received eight cases. In seven cases, charges have been filed and one case has led to a conviction. In three cases, the court has acquitted the accused persons. In 1 case PGO declined to prosecute as...more

Countries: Nicaragua
Variables: TRAFF-PRACTICE-1

"The National Directorate of the Special Police Unit for Women, Children and Adolescents has legal, investigative and operational departments to combat gender-based violence and trafficking in persons." (11). "The National Coalition against Trafficking in Persons is composed of the ministers or experts in the field as designated by the following institutions: 1. Ministry of the Interior, which chairs and coordinates it; 2. the Supreme Court; 3. the Public Prosecution Service; 4. the Ministry of Foreign Affairs; 5. the Ministry of Family, Youth and Children’s Affairs; 6. the Ministry of Labour; 7. the Ministry of Health; 8. the Ministry of Education; 9. the Ministry of Youth; 10. the Ministry of Women’s...more

Countries: Bolivia
Variables: TRAFF-PRACTICE-1

"International cooperation was also established in this area, with the signing of bilateral cooperation agreements with Peru, Argentina and Paraguay on human trafficking and smuggling and illegal trafficking in migrants. Proposals for agreements with Chile, Brazil, Uruguay and Russia are also on the agenda" (17). "[There is] a protocol for the repatriation of Bolivian victims of trafficking and smuggling... [There is] a programme for the employment of victims of human trafficking and smuggling crimes" (17).

Countries: Bolivia
Variables: TRAFF-PRACTICE-1

"In reviewing the penalties applied to the victims of human trafficking and smuggling, it is necessary to assess the national and case-by-case context in each situation, given that cases have been identified in which victims of such crimes, through fraudulent conduct, have committed the crime of using forged documents (identity card, birth certificate, passport and others), which carries a sentence of between one and six years’ imprisonment. However, in such cases the rules of criminal procedure provide for alternative solutions, plea deals or other legal mechanisms to reduce sentences and allow defendants, who are also the victims of trafficking and smuggling, to be promptly released" (16).

Countries: Uzbekistan
Variables: TRAFF-PRACTICE-1

"Women’s non-governmental non-profit organizations are active in the area of combating domestic violence: many have set up helplines and social services bureaux, conduct consultations with lawyers and psychologists in rural areas, open shelters and small operations in the form of social enterprises, and offer professional courses for particularly vulnerable segments of the population (such as victims of domestic violence arriving in temporary shelters; victims of trafficking; women released on parole from places of detention; and women in difficult life situations). Over 200 innovative schools have been established to prepare young people for family life. Every year, non-governmental non-profit organizations take part in the 16 Days of Activism against Gender-based Violence...more

Countries: Ethiopia
Variables: TRAFF-PRACTICE-1

"[The Ministry of Labor and Social Affairs] carried out 534 community conversations on migration and human trafficking and smuggling [] involving an estimate of 18 million people" (11). "The ministry used the national television, and radio, community radios, pre-existing community organizations and other mechanisms to raise awareness on human trafficking and smuggling" (26). "[T]he Ministry is engaged in extensive sensitization of the public on child labour and trafficking. It works with grass roots associations and utilizes traditional gatherings to advocate for the education of children and the danger posed by trafficking...Trafficked children identified by the aforementioned Unit are referred to various services provided by the government and NGOs" (27). "The...more

Countries: Ethiopia
Variables: TRAFF-PRACTICE-1

"Trained community conversation facilitators run community conversations on human trafficking, smuggling and irregular migration. The Ministry has also prepared a discussion paper on the situation of trafficking and its causes and consequences. The awareness raising effort has reached an estimate of 18 million people across the nation" (27). "[S]everal victims of trafficking that were destined to South Africa are made to return to their country. Continuous efforts are underway to ensure the safe return of irregular migrants that are detained in southern African countries. Returnees are provided with emergency medication, shelter and pocket money to allow them integrate with their family. The returnees also received skills training and support to...more

Countries: Montenegro
Variables: TRAFF-PRACTICE-1

"CRI data indicate that state bodies usually do not undertake measures and actions on their own initiative to identify, process and file a bill of indictment, i.e. indictment for criminal offenses entailing the elements of arranged child marriage (field checks, effective preliminary investigation and investigation work, operational findings, measures for detection of criminal offenses etc.). In cooperation with the Ministry of the Interior, the Police Directorate, the Roma Council and non-governmental organizations, the MJHMR has continuously implemented trainings/campaigns in all Roma and Egyptian settlements in Montenegro on topics such as combating child marriage, human trafficking, begging, and domestic violence. On that occasion, flyers in Montenegrin, Romani and Albanian were distributed....more

Countries: Bulgaria
Variables: LRW-PRACTICE-1, TRAFF-PRACTICE-1

“Victims of sexual violence, who NGOs stated were mainly uninsured, often did not have access to sexual and reproductive health services. Emergency contraception was available as part of clinical management of rape. Trafficking victims had access to health care through NGOs approved by authorities.” (23).